Nehemiah 10

Nehemiah 10
	← chapter 9 chapter 11 →
	Discussing the issue of intermarriage. Illustration of Book of Ezra/Nehemiah. Biblical illustrations by Jim Padgett
Book	Book of Nehemiah
Category	Ketuvim
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	16

Nehemiah 10 is the tenth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible,[1] or the 20th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.[2] Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles,[3] but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from 5th century BCE (so-called "the Chronicler") is the final author of these books.[4] The chapter contains the list of signatories for the people’s pledge and the later part deals with intermarriage with the non-Jews among the “people of the land” (parallel to10) punctuated with the pledge to separate from “foreigners”.[5]

Text

The original text of this chapter is in Hebrew language. In English Bible texts this chapter is divided into 39 verses, but 40 verses in Hebrew Bible, due to a different verse numbering as follows:[6]

English texts	Hebrew texts
9:38	10:1
10:1–39	10:2–40

This article generally follows the common numbering in Christian English Bible versions, with notes to the numbering in Hebrew Bible versions.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).[7][lower-alpha 1]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^A; 5th century).[9]

The leaders set their seal to the pledge (10:1–27)

After the first seal from Nehemiah the governor (verse 1a), the record is carefully ordered with three lists of signatories: the priests (10:1b–8), the Levites (10:9–13) and the chiefs of the people (10:14–27).[10]

Verse 1

Now those who placed their seal on the document were:

Nehemiah the governor, the son of Hacaliah, and

Zedekiah,[11]

"Governor": Hebrew: Tirshatha.[12]

Stipulations of the pledge (10:28–39)

The pledge contains the general affirmation involving the whole community (verses 28–29; cf. Ezra 9–10)) and particular obligations 'which they lay upon themselves' (verses 30–39), in relation to intermarriage (verse 30), to the Sabbath and sabbatical year (verse 31), and to the provision for the upkeep of the Temple and clergy (verses 32–39).[13] The wording can be traced to the Book of Deuteronomy, such as "to walk in God's law" (cf. Deuteronomy 8:6) and "to observe and do all the commandments" (cf. Deuteronomy 28:15). [14]

Verse 32

Also we made ordinances for us, to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel for the service of the house of our God;[15]

"Made ordinances for us": Hebrew "cause to stand on us," NET Bible: "accept responsibility for fulfilling the commands".[16]
"To charge ourselves": Hebrew MT reads "to give upon us", but the term עָלֵינוּ (ʿalenu, "upon us") is not found in a few medieval Hebrew mss, the Syriac Peshitta, and the Vulgate; NET Bible: "to give".[17]
"Shekel": was about 2/5 ounce or 11 grams.[18]
"House" (as in Hebrew): refers to the "temple" (also in verses 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39).[19]

Notes

Since 1947 the current text of Aleppo Codex is missing the whole book of Ezra-Nehemiah.[8]

References

Halley 1965, p. 236.
Grabbe 2003, p. 313.
Babylonian Talmud Baba Bathra 15a, apud Fensham 1982, p. 2
Fensham 1982, pp. 2–4.
Grabbe 2003, p. 325.
Note [a] on Nehemiah 9:38 in NET Bible
Würthwein 1995, pp. 36-37.
P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
Würthwein 1995, pp. 73-74.
Throntveit 1992, p. 107.
Nehemiah 10:1 NKJV
Note [a] on Nehemiah 10:1 in NKJV
McConville 1985, pp. 130–132.
Throntveit 1992, p. 108.
Nehemiah 10:32 KJV
Note [a] on Nehemiah 10:32 in NET Bible
Note [b] on Nehemiah 10:32 in NET Bible
Note [a] on Nehemiah 10:32 in ESV
Note [c] on Nehemiah 10:32 in NET Bible

Sources

Fensham, F. Charles (1982). The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. New international commentary on the Old Testament (illustrated ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0802825278. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
Grabbe, Lester L. (2003). "Nehemiah". In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible (illustrated ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 320–328. ISBN 978-0802837110. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
Halley, Henry H. (1965). Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary (24th (revised) ed.). Zondervan Publishing House. ISBN 0-310-25720-4.
Larson, Knute; Dahlen, Kathy; Anders, Max E. (2005). Anders, Max E. (ed.). Holman Old Testament Commentary - Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Holman Old Testament commentary. Volume 9 (illustrated ed.). B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0805494693. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
Levering, Matthew (2007). Ezra & Nehemiah. Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible. Brazos Press. ISBN 978-1587431616. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
McConville, J. G. (1985). Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther. The daily study Bible : Old Testament. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0664245832. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
Smith-Christopher, Daniel L. (2007). "15. Ezra-Nehemiah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 308–324. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
Throntveit, Mark A. (1992) "Ezra-Nehemiah". John Knox Press
Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

Jewish translations:
- Nechemiah - Nehemiah - Chapter 10 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
Christian translations:
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Book of Nehemiah Chapter 10. Bible Gateway

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[9] Since 1947 the current text of Aleppo Codex is missing the whole book of Ezra-Nehemiah.[8]

[FOOTNOTEHalley1965236-1] Halley 1965, p. 236.

[FOOTNOTEGrabbe2003313-2] Grabbe 2003, p. 313.

[3] Babylonian Talmud Baba Bathra 15a, apud Fensham 1982, p. 2

[FOOTNOTEFensham19822–4-4] Fensham 1982, pp. 2–4.

[FOOTNOTEGrabbe2003325-5] Grabbe 2003, p. 325.

[6] Note [a] on Nehemiah 9:38 in NET Bible

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199536-37-7] Würthwein 1995, pp. 36-37.

[8] P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573-74-10] Würthwein 1995, pp. 73-74.

[FOOTNOTEThrontveit1992107-11] Throntveit 1992, p. 107.

[12] Nehemiah 10:1 NKJV

[13] Note [a] on Nehemiah 10:1 in NKJV

[FOOTNOTEMcConville1985130–132-14] McConville 1985, pp. 130–132.

[FOOTNOTEThrontveit1992108-15] Throntveit 1992, p. 108.

[16] Nehemiah 10:32 KJV

[17] Note [a] on Nehemiah 10:32 in NET Bible

[18] Note [b] on Nehemiah 10:32 in NET Bible

[19] Note [a] on Nehemiah 10:32 in ESV

[20] Note [c] on Nehemiah 10:32 in NET Bible