National Football League team captains

NFL rule 18 details the guidelines for team captains. Within Rule 18, there are four articles that pertain to:

1. Number of Team Captains
2. Coin Toss Procedures
3. Choice on Penalty Option
4. Change of [Team] Captains

Coin Toss Procedures – Each team can send as many as six team captains to the center of the field. On each team, one captain is designated the "speaking captain" of the delegation. The visiting team or the team designated "visitor" by the referee (if no team is declared 'visitor') shall choose "heads or tails" or in the case of a special ceremony coin, the options on the face and rear of that coin.

The winner of the coin toss have three options, 1. Defer the choice to the second half, 2. Receive/kick the ball, 3. Choose an end zone to defend. There is strategy in employing your election. It could depend on such conditions as weather, or making an aggressive statement at the beginning of the game, or something simple as coming out of the locker room in the second half receiving the ball.

After the winning captain makes their choice, the opposing team captain chooses from the remaining two options.

Choice on Penalty Option(s) – The offended team captain has a choice of accepting a penalty enforcement or declining, except where said penalty is automatically "enforced by rule." In some circumstances, a team captain may elect to "decline" the penalty. This typically happens in a situation in which declining the penalty may mean that the next down should occur (3rd or 4th). A good example would be on an "offensive holding" enforcement, the defensive team might elect a "4th down and 5 yards to gain" v. a "3rd down and 15 yards to gain."

Players who have been named a team captain typically wear a "C" patch on their jerseys. There is a standard design used by all teams participating in the captaincy program. The patches are in team colors and are worn on the front left or right breast (depending on other patches, etc. worn by the specific team). The number of gold stars on the patch represents the number of years that player has been named captain by a team. If he has been named captain for longer than four years, the "C" on the patch is gold. On some teams' color rush jerseys, plus the Cincinnati Bengals' white uniforms, the stars (and "C", for captains with over 4 years of service) use team colors.[2]

During special recognitions, the patch may be a different color; e.g., pink for breast cancer awareness;[3] or camouflage for military service recognition. In 2018, NFL introduced a new multi-color captain patch for Crucial Catch which the NFL and the American Cancer Society come together to end cancer.[4]

Some teams (e.g. Pittsburgh and New England) do not use the patch on their jerseys but still designate captains. The decision to wear or not wear patches can come from the coach or a team vote.[5] Pittsburgh and New England have never used the patch during the respective lengthy tenures of their head coaches Mike Tomlin and Bill Belichick, although they have named permanent captains. To date, these two teams and the Ravens have never worn the patch.

Other teams who do not use the patch designate captains weekly. John Harbaugh has followed this practice since becoming head coach of the Baltimore Ravens. In the case of the Green Bay Packers, the team named weekly captains during the regular season, but would switch to assigning captains (who wore patches) whenever they qualified for the playoffs. The Kansas City Chiefs followed the same practice in the 2019 regular season and postseason, naming six captains in advance of their divisional round game versus Houston. With the hiring of head coach Matt LaFleur in 2019, the Packers began assigning 3 weekly captains alongside 3 permanent captains.

By and large, teams do not adorn the jerseys of weekly captains with patches. However, in 2019 the Carolina Panthers voted Gerald McCoy as a captain for their week 2 matchup with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers—McCoy's former team—and affixed a patch to his jersey.[6] He continued wearing the patch as the season continued in light of an injury to Kawann Short. Similarly, Efe Obada was voted a team captain for the Panthers' NFL London game in week 6, as London is Obada's hometown.[7]

In 2019, the NFL changed captains' patches slightly, removing the white outline at the patch's edge. Also, instead of stars "filled-in" with gold coloring to indicate years as a captain alongside "unfilled-in" white stars (i.e. a player who was in his second year as a captain would have 2 gold stars and 2 white stars on his patch), the patch now simply has gold stars indicating years served.

While NFL rules state that teams may name up to six captains, this rule is not strictly enforced. In 2019, four teams named seven captains at the beginning of the regular season: the Detroit Lions, Minnesota Vikings, New England Patriots, and New York Giants. That same year, the Carolina Panthers dressed seven players wearing captain patches for their week 2 matchup against Tampa Bay: Cam Newton, Greg Olsen, Trai Turner, Luke Kuechly, Gerald McCoy, Kawann Short, and Colin Jones.

Captains are sometimes decided by team-wide vote, and other times are chosen by the team's head coach.[8] Captains are generally named after the preseason ends, and just prior to the start of the regular season. In the event of an injury to a team captain requiring them to miss one or more games during the season, a replacement may be named. The decision to name (whether weekly or permanently) or not name captains rests with the head coach, who can suspend captainships should they so choose.

One notable example of suspension occurred when the New York Jets ended the use of designated team captains after an incident involving Santonio Holmes in a 2011 game. In the fourth quarter of the final game of the 2011 season against the Miami Dolphins, Holmes appeared to get into an argument with Jets offensive tackle Wayne Hunter while the team was huddling. As a result of the argument, Holmes was benched for the remainder of the game, and the Jets ended up losing the game, which resulted in the Jets missing the postseason for the first time in three years. His leadership qualities and credibilities as captain have since been questioned. Rex Ryan, coach of the Jets at the time, suspended captains for the organization ever since. In 2015, under new head coach Todd Bowles, the Jets resumed appointing captains weekly.[9] In Week 2 of 2018, Bowles resumed permanent captains, introduced when the Jets played the Dolphins.[10]

Because of the nature of the game, most teams include their starting quarterbacks as an offensive captain. The starting quarterback has no other responsibility or authority on field. However, he may, depending on the league or individual team, have various informal duties, such as participation in pre-game ceremonies, the coin toss, the trophy presentation, or other events outside the game. Often compared to captains of other team sports, the starting quarterback is usually the de facto team leader and a well-respected player on and off the field, even before the NFL implemented the team captain's patch in 2007.

Each gold star on a captain's patch indicates the number of seasons the player has served as a team captain. These are often consecutive, but not always: Former Tampa Bay quarterback Jameis Winston wore 3 stars on his 2019 patch despite not being named a captain in 2018. He wore 2 stars on his patch in 2017.

Typically, captains have been with their teams several seasons, but it is not uncommon for veterans in their first year with a team to be appointed as a captain. This has sometimes resulted in players receiving credit for multiple years as a team captain with their new teams on their patches, despite being in the first year of their tenures. For example:

• Though he was not a Redskin in the year prior, Redskins quarterback Case Keenum (who served as a captain during his lone year as a Denver Bronco in 2018) was named a captain and wore a patch with 2 stars for his first game with Washington.
• Raiders linebacker Vontaze Burfict, in his first year with Oakland, wore 2 stars on his patch in the 2019 season. He served last as a captain during the 2014 season with the Cincinnati Bengals.
• Giants safety Michael Thomas wore 4 stars on his patch in 2019, though only in his second season with the team. Thomas was a captain for two years with his previous team, the Miami Dolphins.
• Linebacker Thomas Davis served as a captain for the Carolina Panthers from 2011–18 and wore the all-gold patch indicating 4+ years of captainship, but retained the all-gold patch during his first year as a Los Angeles Charger, perhaps in recognition of years of leadership in Carolina.
• Gerald McCoy of the Carolina Panthers received an all-gold patch upon being named a captain in 2019, his first year as a Panther, but was not named a captain the previous season while with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In fact, McCoy had not been a captain since the 2017 season, when he wore the all-gold patch for Tampa Bay.
• Demaryius Thomas was named a captain midway through the 2019 season for the New York Jets, who traded for him that September. His patch showed 3 stars, but he had not served as a captain since the 2017 season while with the Denver Broncos, when he also wore 3 stars.

Teams have often used captains patches erroneously and without regard to the stars, with discrepancies occurring even mid-season. The Panthers gave Trai Turner a gold patch in week 8 of their 2019 season after he missed 3 games due to an ankle injury, though he wore a patch with only 1 star during his previous game in week 3. Case Keenum wore a patch with two stars in week 1 of the 2019 season, but from week 2 on Keenum wore a captain's patch with 4 stars, despite only serving as a captain two seasons of his career.

In 2017, Buffalo Bills defensive tackle Kyle Williams wore a patch with 5 stars and a gold 'C', but the Bills admitted this was a mistake.[11]

Players listed in bold currently wear the 4+ star all-gold captain patches. These players have been team captains for over 4 seasons, but not necessarily consecutively. Some players below have served as captains for over 4 years, such as Tom Brady and Ben Roethlisberger, but their teams do not currently wear patches.

†Indicates teams not using captain patches during the 2019 season.
*Indicates the number of years a player has served as a captain, represented on the patch by stars.