Musa Anter

Musa Anter (1920 – September 20, 1992), also known as "Apê Musa" (Kurdish: Apê Musa‎, literally "Uncle Musa"), was a Kurdish dissident writer and activist.[1][2] He was a prominent Kurdish writer, journalist and intellectual and was assassinated by Turkish JITEM in September 1992.[3][4][5]

Musa Anter
Born1920
Nusaybin, Ottoman Empire
DiedSeptember 20, 1992(1992-09-20) (aged 71–72)
Diyarbakır, Turkey
OccupationWriter, political activist

Biography

He was born in the Eskimağara (in Kurdish:Ziving) village (Nusaybin District of the Mardin Province). He completed his primary education in Mardin, and then studied at junior and senior high school in Adana. When he was a student, he had been to Syria during his summer holidays and got acquaintance with Kurdish nationalist intellectuals[6] such as Celadet and Kamuran Bedir Khan, Kadri and Ekrem Cemilpaşa, Dr. Nafiz, Nuri Zaza, Nuri Dersimi, Qedrîcan, Osman Sabri, Haco Agha and his son Hasan, Emînê Perîxanê's son Şikriye Emîn, Mala Elyê Unus, Teufo Ciziri and Cigerxwîn.[7] In 1963 Musa Anter and other intellectuals were arrested and were imprisoned for 3 years for having been accused to establish a Kurdish state.[8] In 1970 he was one of the charged in the trial of the Revolutionary Cultural Eastern Hearths (DDKO) members.[9] In June 1990 he was one of the 81 founding members of the People's Labor Party.[10]

Assassination

Anter was shot at a festival in 1992, in an incident in which Orhan Miroğlu was seriously injured. Some Turkish sources claimed that Abdülkadir Aygan, who was PKK militant and surrendered in 1985,[11] then recruited as part of the first staff of JİTEM (the Turkish Gendarmerie's Intelligence and Counter-terrorism Service),[11] had said he had been part of a JİTEM unit, along with a "Hamit" from Şırnak, which had assassinated Musa Anter.[12]

Other Turkish sources claimed that the perpetrator was PKK defector Murat Ipek who received orders from the Turkish state's contract killer Mahmut Yıldırım (alias "Yeşil"), [13] or Yeşil himself.[14]

After long investigations, Turkish Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism was found guilty of Anter's assassination and Turkey was fined related to his murder in 2006 by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), who sentenced Turkey to a fine of 28,500 Euros.[5] A Diyarbakır court in 2013 allegedly charged four individuals with Anter's murder, including Mahmut Yıldırım (alias "Yeşil") and Abdülkadir Aygan.[15]

References
  1. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  2. A. Hunsicker (2007). The Fine Art of Executive Protection: Handbook for the Executive Protection Officer. Universal-Publishers. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-58112-984-7.
  3. David Romero (2006). The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization, and Identity. Cambridge University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-521-85041-4.
  4. Amnesty International (September 1992). "Kurdish Writer Musa Anter, 74, Murdered" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  5. Duvakli, Melik (27 August 2008). "JİTEM's illegal actions cost Turkey a fortune". Today's Zaman. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  6. Ercilasun, Ahmet B. (July 21, 2010). "Gaflet" [Heedlessness]. Yeniçağ [New Age] (in Turkish). Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  7. Anter, Musa (1992, digitized 2007). Hatıralarım (in Turkish). 2. Doz Basım ve Yayıncılık. p. 123.
  8. Watts, Nicole F. (2011-07-01). Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey. University of Washington Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-295-80082-0.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  9. Gunes, Cengiz (2013-01-11). The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance. Routledge. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-136-58798-6.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  10. Watts, Nicole F. (2010). Activists in Office. University of Washington Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780295990491.
  11. Cizre, Ümit (2007). Democratic Oversight and Reform of the Security Sector in Turkey: 2005/2006 Status Report. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 244. ISBN 978-3-03735-234-2.
  12. Ünlü, Ferhat (August 25, 2008). "Suikastların adresi hep JİTEM'e çıkıyor". Sabah (in Turkish). Archived from the original on October 25, 2008. Retrieved December 9, 2015. Sonra da bildiğiniz gibi Şırnaklı Hamit infaz etti Anter'i. [Then, as you also know Şırnak Hamid Anter was executed.]
  13. "Susurluk". Ozgur Politika (in Turkish). February 11, 1997. Archived from the original on February 14, 1998. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
  14. Duvakli, Melik (January 3, 2009). "JİTEM behind Anter and Aydın murders, claims Kurdish group". Today's Zaman. Retrieved December 9, 2015. In a statement to the Diyarbakır Police Department in 1994, PKK informant Muhsin Gül said both Aydın and Anter were killed by Mahmut Yıldırım...
  15. "JİTEM list provided in Anter murder trial to be kept confidential". Today's Zaman. October 8, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-30. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
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