Muhammad Pasha al-Azm

Muhammad Pasha al-Azm was the Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet (1763–1770)[1] and Damascus Eyalet (1771–72 and 1773–83). He was a member of the prominent al-Azm family, the son of a former governor As'ad Pasha al-Azm.[2]

Muhammad Pasha al-Azm
MonarchMustafa III (1757–1774)
Abdul Hamid I (1774–1789)
Wali of Damascus
In office
1771–1772
Preceded byUthman Pasha al-Kurji
Succeeded byHafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanci
In office
1773–1783
Preceded byHafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanci
Succeeded byMehmed Pasha al-Kurji
Wali of Sidon
In office
1763–1770
Preceded byNu'man Pasha
Succeeded byDarwish Pasha al-Kurji
Personal details
Died1783
Damascus, Damascus Eyalet, Ottoman Empire
NationalityOttoman
ChildrenAbdullah Pasha al-Azm
ParentsAs'ad Pasha al-Azm (father)

During Muhammad Pasha's time in office, Damascus was experiencing a peak in its prosperity, although its political clout in the Levant was being overshadowed by the rulers of Acre, first Zahir al-Umar and then Jezzar Pasha. Muhammad Pasha administered the city well and commissioned numerous building projects. Among the new constructions were the Abdullah al-Azm Madrasa near the Azm Palace, and the Suq al-Jadid (New Market) between the Suq al-Arwam and the Citadel of Damascus. He married off one of his daughters to Jezzar Pasha which was intended to signify an alliance between the two governors, although they remained rivals nonetheless.[3]

Muhammad Pasha's death in 1783 largely marked the end of the al-Azm family's political dominance in Ottoman Syria, although the family continued to be influential well after the end of Ottoman rule in 1917.[4] Muhammad Pasha's son, Abdullah Pasha, was the last governor of Damascus from the al-Azm family.

References

  1. Joudah, Ahmad Hasan. Revolt in Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: The Era of Shaykh Zahir Al-ʻUmar. (1986) Kingston Press
  2. Burns, 2005, p. 246.
  3. Burns, 2005, pp. 246-247.
  4. Khoury, 2003, p. 18.

Bibliography

  • Burns, Ross (2005). Damascus: A History. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-27105-3.
  • Khoury, Phillip S. (2003). Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus 1860–1920. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521533232.
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Hafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanji
Wali of Damascus
1773–83
Succeeded by
Muhammad Pasha al-Kurji
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Uthman Pasha al-Kurji
Wali of Damascus
1771–72
Succeeded by
Hafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanji
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Nu'man Pasha
Wali of Sidon
1763–70
Succeeded by
Darwish Pasha al-Kurji
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