List of rulers of Damascus

This is a list of rulers of Damascus from ancient times to the present.

General context: History of Damascus.

Canaanite

  • Uz ben Shem (c. 2500 BC)
  • Biryawaza (14th century BC)

Aram Damascus

Period of non-independence

Rashidun period

Umayyad period

Abbasid period

[1]

  • Abdallah ibn Ali (750–754)
  • Salih ibn Ali (754)
  • Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi(754–764)
  • Al-Fadl ibn Salih (766–775)
  • Abu Ja'far Harun al-Rashid (783–786)
  • Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 785)
  • Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Iman (?–788)
  • Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 788–791)
  • Musa ibn Isa (c. 792)
  • Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (c. 792)
  • Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (793–795)
  • Ishaq ibn Isa ibn Ali (c. 795–?)
  • Shu'ayb ibn Khazim (802–803)
  • Ja'far ibn Yahya (803)
  • Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad (803–804)
  • Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (804–805)
  • Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim (c. 806)
  • Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba (807–809)
  • Mansur ibn Muhammed al-Mahdi (809–810)
  • Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (810)
  • Sulayman ibn Abdallah al-Mansur (810)
  • Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Bayhas (810–820)
  • Abdallah ibn Tahir (820–822)
  • Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid (c. 828)
  • Dinar ibn Abd Allah (c. 839)
  • Muhammed ibn al-Jahm al-Sami (c. 839)
  • Musa ibn Ibrahim al Rafiqi (c. 842)
  • Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841–847)
  • Malik ibn Tawk (847–850)
  • Ibrahim al-Muyad ibn Mutawakkil (850–855)
  • al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856–861)
  • Yunus ibn Tarja (c. 861)
  • Isa ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari (861–866)
  • Salih ibn al-'Abbasi al-Turki (c. 866)
  • Ahmad ibn Khalil al Shaybani (c. 866)
  • Yamkjur al-Turki (c. 869)
  • Asram al-Turki (c. 870)
  • Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, rebel governor (c. 870)
  • Amajur al-Turki (870–878)
  • Abbasid restauration:
  • to Ikhshidid Egypt (935–969), except for:
    • Muhammad Ibn Ra'iq (939–942)
    • Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943–945)
    • Sayf al-Dawla (briefly in 945 and 947)

Fatimid emirs

  • Abu Ali Ja'far ibn Fallah al-Kutami (970–971)
Qarmatian occupation of Damascus
  • Zalim ibn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973–974)
  • Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974)
  • Rayn al-Mu'izzi (974)
  • Alptakin al-Mu'izzi (975–978)
  • Qassam al-Turab (978–983)
Fatimid recovery of Damascus
  • Baltakin al-Turki (983)
  • Bakjur (983–991)
  • Ya'qub al-Siqlabi (991)
  • Manjutakin (993–996)
  • Sulayman ibn Fallah (996)
  • Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997–998)
  • Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998–1000)
  • Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002)
  • Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004)
  • Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009)
  • Hamid ibn Mulham (1009)
  • Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011)
  • Badr al-Attar (1011–1012)
  • Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014)
  • Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021)
  • Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023)
  • Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024)
  • Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028)
  • Anushtakin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041)
  • Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1041–1048)
  • Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049)
  • Rifq al-Khadim (1049)
  • Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058)
  • Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058)
  • Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1058–1060)
  • Sebuq Tegin (1060)
  • Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061)
  • Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061)
  • Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061)
  • Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063)
  • Badr al-Jamali (1063)
  • Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067)
  • Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069)
  • Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071)
  • Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)

Seljuq emirs

  • Atsiz ibn Abaq (1076–1079)
  • Tutush I (1079–1095)
  • Duqaq, son of Tutush I (1095–1104)
  • Tutush II, son of Duqaq (1104)
  • Irtash, son of Tutush I (1104)

Burid emirs

Zengid atabegs

Ayyubid emirs (some were also Sultans of Egypt)

Mamluk na'ibs

  • Sanjar as-Salihi (August 1260–October 1260)[2]
  • Taybars al-Waziri (October 1260–1264)[2]
  • Aqush as-Salihi (1264–)[2]
  • Sunqur al-Ashqar (1275–1280)
  • Lajin al-Ashqar (1280-?)
  • Aqush Bey (c. 1290s)
  • Izz ad-Din Aybak (?-1296)
  • Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297)
  • Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1312)
  • Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz as-Nasiri (1312–1340)
  • Yilbugha an-Nasiri (1340–1350)
  • Sayf ad-Din Manjak (1350)
  • Tash Timur (c. 1380)
  • Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?-1393)
  • Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399)
  • Sudun (1399–1400)
  • occupied by Timur (1400–1401)
  • Taghribirdi az-Zahiri (1401-?)
  • Kijmas (c. 1470s)
  • Ghazali Arab (c. 16th century)
  • Sibai (c. 16th century)[3]
  • Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517)
  • Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518–1521)

Ottoman walis

  • Yunus Pasha (c. 1516)
  • Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518–1521)
  • Ayas Mehmed Pasha (1521–1522)
  • Ferhad Pasha (1522–1523)
  • Hurram Pasha (1523–1525)
  • Sulayman Pasha al-Tawashi (1525–1526)
  • Lutf Pasha (1526–1528)
  • Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1528–1531)
  • Mustafa Ablaq Pasha (1531–1534)
  • Lutf Pasha (1534–1535)
  • Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1535)
  • Muhammad Kuzal Pasha (1536–1537)
  • Topal Sulayman Pasha (1537–1538)
  • Ahmed Pasha I (1538–1539)
  • Qese Husrau Pasha (1539–1541)
  • Isa Pasha (1541–1543)
  • Piri Pasha (1543–1545)
  • Hadim Sinan Pasha (1545–1550)
  • Piri Pasha (1550–1551)
  • Muhammad Pasha Bartaki (1551–1552)
  • Şemsi Pasha (1552–1555)
  • Hizr Pasha (1555–1561)
  • Ali Pasha Lankun (1561–1563)
  • Khusrau Pasha I (1563)
  • Lala Mustafa Pasha (1563–1569)
  • Murad Pasha Shaitan (1569)
  • Ali Pasha Lankun (1569–1570)
  • Haji Ahmed Pasha (1570–1571)
  • Lala Jafar Pasha (1574–1575)
  • Murad Pasha (1575–1577)
  • Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1577–1581)
  • Bahram Pasha (1581–1582)
  • Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić (1582–1583)
  • Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1583)
  • Qubad Sulayman Pasha (1584)
  • Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1585–1586)
  • Üveys Pasha (1586–1587)
  • Muhammad Pasha Farhad (1587–1588)
  • Üveys Pasha (1588–1589)
  • Elwanzade Ali Pasha (1589–1590)
  • Koca Sinan Pasha (1590)
  • Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1590–1591)
  • Mustafa Pasha I (1591–1592)
  • Khalil Pasha (1592–1593)
  • Qachirji Mohammad Pasha (1593–1594)
  • Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1594)
  • Murad Pasha (1594–1595)
  • Khusrau Pasha II (1595–1596)
  • Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Pasha (1596–1597)
  • Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1597–1598)
  • Ahmed Pasha II (1598)
  • Ahmed Pasha III (1598)
  • Khusrau Pasha II (1599)
  • Emir Mehmed Pasha (1599–1600)
  • Osman Pasha (1601–1603)
  • Farhad Pasha Bustanji (1603–1604)
  • Mustafa Pasha II (1604–1607)
  • Mahmud Pasha (1607–1608)
  • Sufi Sinan Pasha (1608–1609)
  • Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609–1615)
  • Silihdar Mehmed Pasha (1615–1618)
  • Ahmad al-Hafiz (1618–1619)
  • Mustafa Pasha III (1619–1620)
  • Sulayman Pasha I (1620–1621)
  • Murtaza Pasha Bustanji (1621–1622)
  • Mehmed Pasha Rushand (1622–1623)
  • Mustafa Pasha al-Hannaq (1623–1624)
  • Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha (1624–1625)
  • Gurju Mehmed Pasha I (1625–1626)
  • Tayar Oglu Mehmed Pasha (1626–1628)
  • Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1628–1629)
  • Mustafa Pasha IV (1629–1630)
  • Nawaya Mehmed Pasha (1630–1631)
  • Ilyas Pasha (1632–1633)
  • Deli Yusuf Pasha (1633–1635)
  • Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1635–1636)
  • Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1636–1638)
  • Mustafa Pasha IV (1638–1639)
  • Chifteli Othman Pasha (1639–1640)
  • Mehmed Pasha I (1640–1641)
  • Serji Ahmed Pasha (1641–1642)
  • Melik Ahmed Pasha (1642–1643)
  • Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha (1643)
  • Silihdar Yusuf Pasha (1643–1644)
  • Gurju Mehmed Pasha II (1644–1645)
  • Ibrahim Pasha I (1645)
  • Mehmed Pasha Salami (1645–1646)
  • Gürcê Mehmed (1646)
  • Silahdar Yusuf Pasha (1646–1647)
  • Sufi Murteza Pasha (1647)
  • Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648)
  • Ibşir Mustafa Pasha (1649)
  • Mehmed Pasha II (1649–1650)
  • Silahdar Murtaza Pasha (1650)
  • Sivaslı Mustafa Pasha (1650)
  • Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1650–1652)
  • Defterzade Mehmed Pasha (1653–1655)
  • Kara Murat Pasha (1655; died before taking office)
  • Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1656)
  • Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (1659–1661)
  • Sulayman Pasha II (1661–1663)
  • Ribleli Mustafa Pasha (1663–1665)
  • Salih Pasha I (1665–1666)
  • Qara Mustafa Pasha (1666–1667)
  • Mehmed Pasha Chewish Oglu (1667–1669)
  • Ibrahim Pasha Shaytan (1669–1671)
  • Abazekh Husein Pasha (1671–1672)
  • Qara Mehmed Pasha (1672–1673)
  • Ibrahim Pasha Shushman (1673–1674)
  • Qer Husein Pasha (1674–1675)
  • Ibrahim Pasha II (1675–1676)
  • Bosniak Osman Pasha (1676–1679)
  • Abazekh Husein Pasha (1679–1683)
  • Ibrahim Pasha III (1684)
  • Bosniak Osman Pasha (1684–1685)
  • Kaplan Pasha (1686–1687)
  • Arap Salih Pasha (1687–1688)
  • Hamza Pasha (1688–1689)
  • Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha (1690)
  • Murtaza Pasha (1690–1691)
  • Gurju Mehmed Pasha III (1691–1692)
  • Çelebi Ismail Pasha (1692–1693)
  • Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (1693–1694)
  • Silihdar Osman Pasha (1695–1696)
  • Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Pasha (1696–1697)
  • Ahmad Pasha Hacigirai (1697–1698)
  • Silihdar Husein Pasha (1699)
  • Silihdar Hasan Pasha (1700)
  • Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1701)
  • Salih Agha (1702)
  • Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1702–1703)
  • Osman Pasha Arnavud (1703)
  • Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1703–1704)
  • Defterdar Mustafa Pasha (1704)
  • Firari Hüseyin Pasha (1704–1705)
  • Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1705–1706)
  • Baltaci Süleyman Pasha (1706–1707)
  • Yusuf Pasha Qapudan (1707-1708)
  • Nasuh Pasha al-Aydini (1708–1712)
  • Jarkas Muhammad Pasha (1713-1715)
  • Tubal Yusuf Pasha (1715-1716)
  • Ibrahim Pasha Qapudan (1716)
  • Recep Pasha (1716)
  • Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1716–1717)
  • Abdullah Pasha Köprülü (1716–1717)
  • Rajab Pasha (1717-1718)
  • Uthman Pasha Abu Tawq (1719-1721)
  • Ali Pasha Maqtul (1721–1722)
  • Uthman Pasha Abu Tawq (1723–1725)
  • Ismail Pasha al-Azm (1725–1730)
  • Abdullah Pasha al-Aydinli (1731–1734)
  • Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1734–1738)
  • Husayn Pasha al-Bustanji (1738)
  • Uthman Pasha al-Muhassil (1739–1740)
  • Ali Pasha Abu Qili (1740)
  • Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1741–1743)
  • As'ad Pasha al-Azm (1743–1757)
  • Husayn Pasha ibn Makki (1757)
  • Abdullah Pasha al-Jatahji (1757-1759)
  • Muhammad Pasha al-Shalik (1759–1760)
  • Uthman Pasha al-Kurji (1760–1771)
  • Muhammad Pasha al-Azm (1771–1772)
  • Hafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanji (1773–1783)
  • Mehmed Pasha al-Kurji (1783)
  • Darwish Pasha al-Kurji (1783–1784)
  • Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1784–1786)
  • Husayn Pasha Battal (1786–1787)
  • Abdi Pasha (1787–1788)
  • Ibrahim Pasha al-Halabi (1788–1789)
  • Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1790–1795)
  • Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1795–1798)
  • Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1798–1799)
  • Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1799–1803)
  • Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1803–1804)
  • Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1804-807)
  • Kunj Yusuf Pasha (1807–1810)
  • Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (1810-1812)[4]
  • Silahdar Süleyman Pasha (February 1812–May 1816)[5]
  • Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (1816; interim)
  • Hafiz Amasyali Ali Pasha (1816–March 1817)
  • Salih Pasha (March 1817–1817)
  • Izmirli Süleyman Pasha (1817–1819)
  • Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1819–1822)
  • Beylanli Mustafa Pasha (June 1822–April 1823)
  • Salih Pasha (April 1823–January 1824)
  • Muftizade Ahmed Pasha (1824–May 1824)
  • Haci Veliyeddin Pasha (1825–1826)
  • Hakki Ismail Pasha (October 1826–1827)
  • Izmirli Haci Salih Pasha (1827–1828)
  • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1828–1831)
  • Mehmed Selim Pasha (1831–1832)
  • to Egypt, autonomous from the Ottoman Empire
    • Ahmed Bey (1831–1832)
    • Ibrahim Pasha (1832)
    • Muhammad Sharif Pasha (1832–1838)
    • vacant (1838–1840)
  • Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1840–1841)
  • Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1841–1844)
  • Mehmed Namık Pasha (1845–1846)
  • Riza Pasha (1845–1846)
  • Musa Sefveti Pasha (1846)
  • Namiq Pasha (1848)
  • Mehmed Namık Pasha (1848–1850)
  • Osman Pasha Said Pasha (1850–1852)
  • Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1852)
  • Açaf Pasha (1852–1854)
  • Arif Mehmed Pasha (1854–1855)
  • Mehmed Namık Pasha (1855)
  • Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1855–1857)
  • Izzet Ahmed Pasha (1857)
  • Ali Pasha II (1858)
  • Mu'amer Pasha (1860)
  • Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1860–1861)
  • Ahmed Pasha IV (1861)
  • Emin Muhlis Pasha (1861–1862)
  • Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1862–1864)
  • Müterçim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha (1864–1865)
  • Reshid Pasha (1865–1871)
  • Subhi Pasha (1871–1873)
  • Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Pasha (1873–1874)
  • Esad Pasha (1874–1875)
  • Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1875–1876)
  • Ahmed Pasha V (1876–1877)
  • Küçük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1877–1878)
  • Ali Haydar Midhat Pasha (1878–1879)
  • Hamdi Pasha (1880–1885)
  • Rashid Nashid Pasha (1885–1888)
  • Manastirli Mehmed Nazif Pasha (1888–1889)
  • Mustafa Asim Pasha (1889–1891)
  • Topal Osman Nuri Pasha (1891–1892)
  • Sherif Mehmed Rauf Pasha (1892–1894)
  • Haçi Osman Nuri Pasha (1894–1895)
  • Hasan Pasha II (1896–1897)
  • Nazim Pasha (1897–1906)
  • Shukri Pasha (1906–1909)
  • Ismail Fazil Bey (1909–1911)
  • Ismail Ghalib Bey (1911–1912)
  • Kiazim Pasha (1912–1913)
  • Arif Bey (1913)
  • Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914)
  • Jamal Pasha (1915)
  • Azmi Pasha (1915–1916)
  • Tahsin Bey (1916–1918)
  • Mehmed Gabriel Pasha (1918)
  • Shukri Pasha (October 1–2, 1918)

Arab Kingdom of Syria

Capital of Syria

See also

References

  1. Paul M. Cobb. White Banners: Contention in 'Abbasid Syria, 750-880. p. 137.
  2. Sato, p. 79.
  3. Burns 2007, p. 144
  4. Sajdi, 2013, p. 98.
  5. Douwes, 2000, p. 58.

Bibliography

  • Burns, Ross (2007), Damascus: A History, Routledge, ISBN 9781134488490
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