Montreal Star
The Montreal Star was an English-language Canadian newspaper published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It closed in 1979 in the wake of an eight-month pressmen's strike.
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 A copy of The Montreal Evening Star from 1869 | |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | 1869–1925, Hugh Graham and George T. Lanigan; 1925-1963, John Wilson McConnell; 1963–1979, Free Press Publications |
| Founded | January 16, 1869 |
| Political alignment | Canadian federalism |
| Language | English language |
| Ceased publication | September 25, 1979 |
| Headquarters | Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
It was Canada's largest newspaper until the 1950s and remained the dominant English-language newspaper in Montreal until shortly before its closure.[1]
History
The paper was founded January 16, 1869, by Hugh Graham, 1st Baron Atholstan and George T. Lanigan as the Montreal Evening Star.[2] Graham ran the newspaper for nearly 70 years. In 1877, The Evening Star became known as The Montreal Daily Star.
As well as news and editorials, the Star sometimes created its own topics of interest; in the late 1890s it sponsored a world tour for journalist Sarah Jeannette Duncan, and printed a series of features about her adventures.[3]
In the 1890s the Star began voluntary audits of its circulation figures, and called for government regulation to control inflated circulation claims by other publications.[4] The paper's circulation increased significantly during that decade,[5] and by 1899, it reached a daily readership of 52,600;[6] by 1913 40% of its circulation was outside of Montreal.[7]
By 1915, the Montreal Star dominated the city's English-language evening newspaper market and Graham was able to out-perform his competitors who closed and assured him control of the English-language market.
In 1925, Graham sold the Montreal Star to John Wilson McConnell, but continued to operate the newspaper until his death in 1938. McConnell also owned two other newspapers, the Montreal Standard[8] and Family Herald.
Beginning in the 1940s, the Montreal Star became very successful, with a circulation of nearly 180,000 and remaining at roughly that same level for approximately thirty years.
In 1951, the Montreal Star launched its Weekend Magazine supplement (subsuming the former Montreal Standard), with an initial circulation of 900,000.[9]
After McConnell's death in 1963, Toronto-based FP newspaper group, owner of The Globe and Mail and the Winnipeg Free Press acquired the Montreal Star. Thomson Newspapers later acquired the FP chain in 1980. In 1971, most of the shares in the newspaper were owned by Commercial Trust.[10]
In 1978, a strike by pressmen (printers' union) began and lasted eight months. Although the strike was settled in February 1979 and the Star resumed publication, it had lost readers and advertisers to the rival paper The Gazette, and ceased publication permanently only a few months later on September 25, 1979. The Gazette acquired the Star's building, presses, and archives, and became the sole English-language daily in Montreal. Prior to the strike the Star had consistently out-sold The Gazette.[11]
The newspaper ceased publication only a few months after another Montreal daily, Montréal-Matin, stopped its presses. These closings left many Montrealers concerned.[12]
The simultaneous closing of the Star, Calgary Albertan, Winnipeg Tribune, and Ottawa Journal caused the federal government to establish the Kent Commission to examine newspaper monopolies in Canada.
Notable contributors
The Star was the first newspaper in Canada to employ a staff editorial cartoonist, when it hired Henri Julien in 1888.[13]
Its sports editor Harold Atkins, writing under the column 'Sports Snippings', nicknamed both Maurice Richard as the "Rocket" and the wheelchair basketball team as "The Wheelchair Wonders".
Other contributors of note included Kathleen Shackleton in the beginning of the 20th century, Red Fisher, Doris Giller, Nick Auf der Maur, Don Macpherson, Terry Mosher and Dennis Trudeau, many of whom moved over to The Gazette when the Star folded.
Raymond Heard was the newspaper's White House correspondent from 1963 until 1973, and then served as the newspaper's Managing Editor, from 1976 until it closed in 1979. He served under Frank Walker who was Editor-In-Chief.
References
- W.H. Kesterton (1 January 1967). A History of Journalism in Canada. MQUP. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-7735-9516-3.
- Mary Vipond (25 March 2011). The Mass Media in Canada: Fourth Edition. James Lorimer & Company. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-55277-658-2.
- Carole Gerson (25 June 2010). Canadian Women in Print, 1750–1918. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-55458-688-2.
- Russell Johnston (February 2012). Selling Themselves. University of Toronto Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4426-1307-2.
- Minko Sotiron (1997). From Politics to Profit: The Commercialization of Canadian Daily Newspapers, 1890-1920. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7735-1375-4.
- Carl Bridge; Kent Fedorowich (23 November 2004). The British World: Diaspora, Culture and Identity. Routledge. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-135-75959-9.
- McDowall, Duncan. "Getting Down to Business: Canada, 1896-1919". McCord Museum. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- Granatstein, J.L. (16 December 2013). "Montreal Standard". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
- "The Influence of American Magazines". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
- Canada. Parliament. Senate. Special Committee on Mass Media (1971). The uncertain mirror. Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 30.
- "Press: A Star Is Shorn". TIME. Canadian edition. October 8, 1979. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
- Déclaration du Conseil de presse du Québec concernant la fermeture du Montreal Star (extrait du Rapport annuel 1979-80) (In French)
- "Popular Recognition". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-03-26.