Montparnasse derailment

On 22 October 1895, the Granville to Paris and Montparnasse express, operated by Chemins de fer de l'Ouest, was made up of steam locomotive No. 721 (a type 2-4-0, French notation 120) hauling three luggage vans, a post van, and six passenger coaches.[1] The train had left Granville on time at 08:45, but was several minutes late as it approached its Paris Montparnasse terminus with 131 passengers on board. In an effort to make up lost time,[1][2] the train entered the station too fast, at a speed of 40–60 km/h (25–37 mph), and the Westinghouse air brake failed to stop it.[1][3] Without sufficient braking, the momentum of the train carried it slowly into the buffers, and the locomotive crossed the almost 30-metre (98 ft) wide station concourse, crashing through a 60-centimetre (24 in) thick wall, before falling onto the Place de Rennes 10 metres (33 ft) below, where it stood on its nose. A woman in the street below was killed by falling masonry, and two passengers, the fireman, two guards and a passerby in the street sustained injuries.[2]

The woman, Marie-Augustine Aguilard, had been standing in for her husband, a newspaper vendor, while he went to collect the evening newspapers.[4]

The locomotive driver was sentenced to two months in prison and fined 50 francs for approaching the station too fast. One of the guards was fined 25 francs as he had been preoccupied with paperwork and failed to apply the handbrake.[2]

The railway company settled with the family of the deceased woman, and arranged for the education of her two young children, as well as proposing future employment for them.

The passenger carriages were undamaged and were easily removed. It took 48 hours before the legal process and investigation allowed the railway to start removing the locomotive and tender. An attempt was made to move the locomotive with 14 horses, but this failed. A 250 tonne winch, with 10 men, first lowered the locomotive to the ground and then lifted the tender back into the station. When the locomotive reached the railway workshops it was found to have suffered little damage.[5]

Reconstruction at Mundo a Vapor theme park in Brazil

The wreckage remained outside the station for several days[3] and a number of photographs were taken, such as those attributed to Studio Lévy and Sons,[6] L. Mercier,[3] and Henri Roger-Viollet.[7]

The Lévy and Sons photograph (at the top of the article) has become one of the most famous in transportation history.[8] The photograph, which is now in the public domain, is used as the cover page in the book An Introduction to Error Analysis by John Taylor.[9] The photograph is featured on the album covers for Lean Into It by American rock band Mr. Big[10], as well as Scrabbling at the Lock by Dutch rock band The Ex with Tom Cora, both first released in 1991,[11] and, in 2019, for Warranty Void If Removed by French record producer Leon Inc.[12]

A near-identical train crash in the same location appears as a dream in the novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret and its film adaptation, Hugo, and is depicted in the comic book series The Extraordinary Adventures of Adèle Blanc-Sec[13], namely the fourth album Momies en folie. [14]

An imitation of the Montparnasse derailment has been built outside the Mundo a Vapor ("Steam World") museum theme park in Canela, and another one at the Shopping Serra Verde in Caldas Novas, both in Brazil.[15][16]

This accident was partly adapted into the Thomas and friends episode "A better view for Gordon"

• Richou, G. (9 November 1895). "L'Accident de la Gare Montparnasse". La Nature (in French). No. 1171. Retrieved 10 January 2019.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

• Media related to the Montparnasse derailment at Wikimedia Commons