Mercedes of Orléans

Maria de las Mercedes of Orléans (24 June 1860 – 26 June 1878) was Queen of Spain as the first wife of King Alfonso XII. She was born in Madrid, the daughter of Antoine of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier, and of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain.

Mercedes of Orléans
Queen consort of Spain
Tenure23 January 1878 – 26 June 1878
Born(1860-06-24)24 June 1860
Palacio Real, Madrid, Spain
Died26 June 1878(1878-06-26) (aged 18)
Palacio Real, Madrid, Spain
Burial
Cathedral of la Almudena
SpouseAlfonso XII of Spain
Full name
María de las Mercedes Isabel Francisca de Asís Antonia Luisa Fernanda de Orléans y Borbón
HouseOrléans
FatherAntoine d'Orléans, Duke of Montpensier
MotherInfanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Family and upbringing
María de las Mercedes in 1874
Royal cypher

She was born at the Palacio Real in Madrid, the sixth of her parents' nine children, none of whom died in infancy but only four of whom would live to the age of 20.[1] Her mother's elder sister, Queen Isabella II, and brother-in-law, King Francis, served as Mercedes' godparents at her christening, when she was given the names: María de las Mercedes Isabel Francisca de Asís Antonia Luisa Fernanda Felipa Amalia Cristina Francisca de Paula Ramona Rita Cayetana Manuela Juana Josefa Joaquina Ana Rafaela Filomena Teresa Santísima Trinidad Gaspara Melchora Baltasara et omni sancti.

Although Mercedes was patrilineally a French princess, she was also a Spanish infanta and spent the first eight years of her life in Spain. Her childhood was spent at the palace of San Telmo in Andalusia, her father's rumoured aspirations to obtain his sister-in-law's crown periodically rendering him unwelcome at the royal court in Madrid.

Marriage

When Queen Isabella II was deposed in 1868, Mercedes' family left Spain for exile. It was reportedly during that banishment, in 1872, that she met her first cousin, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, also living in exile.

Upon restoration, King Alfonso married María de las Mercedes at the church of Atocha, in Madrid on 23 January 1878, following a huge ball in December 1877. Allegedly the king's choice dashed the hopes of his still-exiled mother, Queen Isabella, for Alfonso's marriage to Blanca de Borbón, daughter of his Carlist rival, Carlos, Duke of Madrid.

Death
Arms of Queen Mercedes of Spain.

Shortly after their honeymoon, it became evident that Queen Mercedes suffered from typhoid fever.[2][3][4][5][6] The marriage would last only six months, during which she had a miscarriage.[5] She succumbed to the illness in Madrid two days after her 18th birthday, on 26 June 1878, having been unconscious for several days.

Legacy

Queen Mercedes co-initiated the building of the Cathedral of la Almudena in Madrid, opposite the royal palace, construction beginning in 1883. In May 2004 Felipe, Prince of Asturias was wed there to Letizia Ortiz. Queen Mercedes' remains were re-interred there on 8 November 2000, in accordance with the wishes of her widower.

A town in the province of Isabela, located in the Philippines, was named Reina Mercedes in her honor during the Spanish colonial period.

When the king's minister Cánovas del Castillo suggested that he take a new wife, Alfonso acquiesced, choosing his Mercedes' sister, Maria Cristina. But she, too, contracted tuberculosis, and died during the engagement period. In late 1879 he married Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria-Teschen; the eldest of their children, the Princess of Asturias, was named in honour of Queen Mercedes.

Titles and styles
  • 24 June 1860 – 23 January 1878: Her Royal Highness Infanta Doña Mercedes of Spain, Princess of Orléans
  • 23 January 1878 – 26 June 1878: Her Majesty The Queen of Spain

Ancestry

References
  1. Willis, Daniel, The Descendants of Louis XIII, Clearfield Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1999, p. 194; ISBN 0-8063-4942-5.
  2. "Mercedes de Orléans (1860-1878) - Find A Grave..." www.findagrave.com.
  3. "02 Nov 1878 - The Death of the Young Queen of Spain. - Trove". Nla.gov.au. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  4. MCNBiografias.com. "María de las Mercedes. Reina de España (1860-1878) » MCNBiografias.com". www.mcnbiografias.com.
  5. País, Ediciones El (9 November 2000). "Cumplida la última voluntad de una reina" – via elpais.com.
  6. "Alfonso XII y María de las Mercedes, real historia de amor - ArqueHistoria". arquehistoria.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
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