United States Marine Forces Special Operations Command

Marine Raiders conduct combat operations in eastern Afghanistan.

Its creation was announced on 23 November 2005 by US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, following a meeting between him, the USSOCOM commander General Bryan D. Brown, and the Marine Corps Commandant General Michael Hagee on 28 October 2005. MARSOC was officially activated on 24 February 2006 with ceremonies at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.

The potential participation of the Marine Corps in SOCOM has been controversial since SOCOM was formed in 1986.[8] At the time, Marine Corps leaders felt that their Force Reconnaissance units were best kept in the Marine Corps' MAGTF command structure, and that the detachment of an elite Marine Special Operations unit from the Marine Corps would be to the detriment of the Marine Corps as a whole. A re-evaluation following the 11 September attacks and the War on Terrorism, along with new policy established by Secretary Rumsfeld and then-Commandant Gen. James L. Jones at The Pentagon, caused the Marine Corps to work towards integration with SOCOM. The establishment of MARSOC represented the most significant step towards that goal, and followed the establishment of MCSOCOM Detachment One (DET1), a small Marine Corps detachment formed as a pilot program to test Marine Corps integration into SOCOM. It was made up of mostly Force Recon Marines from 1st and 2nd Force Reconnaissance Companies along with other hand-picked support men and served with Navy SEALs under Naval Special Warfare Group One. Detachment 1 conducted a multitude of special operations in Iraq alongside their Special Operations brothers of the sister services. SOCOM conducted a study of the unit's deployment, which clearly indicated success and strong performance. Detachment 1 was disbanded in 2006 soon after the creation of MARSOC. The first of many Marine Special Operations Companies stood up in June 2006.[9]

MARSOC's initial deployment to Afghanistan in 2007 was mired in controversy when its Fox Company was sent back to the United States and its commander relieved from duty after a shooting incident. The incident that resulted in as many as 19 civilians killed involved a complex ambush by insurgents that included a suicide VBIED and small arms fire. Allegations later arose that the MARSOC operators killed the civilians while suppressing enemy fire,[10] but these allegations proved false.[11] MARSOC Marines also took part in Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines.[12]

Following General Petraeus' assumption of command in Afghanistan in 2010, in support of the ALP/VSO programme (Afghan Local Police/Village Stability Operations), SOF in Afghanistan were task-organised into battalion level SOTF (Special Operations Task Forces), each with a geographic area of responsibility - for MARSOC, this was western Afghanistan and Helmand Province. In March 2012, MARSOC teams suffered several casualties to Green on Blue attacks. In July 2012, a patrol of Afghan Army Commandos was ambushed by insurgents from a number of buildings in Badghis Province, three Afghans were wounded by small arms fire, Gunnery Sergeants Jonathan Gifford and Daniel Price raced forward on an ATV to retrieve the wounded under direct fire from the enemy. After evacuating the wounded to an emergency HLZ (Helicopter Landing Zone) from where they were safely medevaced, they returned to firefight and assaulted the enemy positions in a fierce close-quarter battle. Whilst throwing grenades down the chimney of an insurgent-occupied building, they were struck and killed by PKM fire, for his actions that day Price was awarded the Silver Star.[13]

Marine Corps Times reported that in 2017, Marine Raiders assisted in the liberation of Marawi from ISIS militants.[14]

In February 2019, Marine Corps Times reported that since the formation of MARSOC 13 years before, it had conducted 300 operational deployments across 13 countries, awarded more than 300 valor awards, and that 43 Raiders (including two dogs) had been killed in training and combat operations.[14]

It was deployed supporting the Global War on Terrorism in December 2006 alongside the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) where they conducted various special operations missions, ranging from Direct action (military), reconnaissance and other mission sets.[9]

Since MARSOC's first deployment, it has become a strong partner in SOCOM and proven itself able to conduct full-spectrum special operations. They have successfully conducted both long-term counterinsurgency under the VSO program and carried out complex Direct Action tasks.[10]

The first Marine Special Operations Individual Training Course began at Camp Lejeune on 6 October 2008.[15] MARSOC's stated end-goal is 850 CSOs.[16]

Marine Forces Special Operations Command

A 160th SOAR(A) MH-47 conducts water insertion of Marine Raiders

A Marine Raider glides towards his target during high-altitude parachute operations.

Marine Raiders conduct CQB training.

MARSOC's organization was finalized in 2007. The base unit of MARSOC is the fourteen-man Marine Special Operations Team (MSOT), commanded by a captain (O-3) as Team Commander, assisted by a master sergeant (E-8) as Team Chief. Each team has two identical squads, or Tactical Elements, each led by a gunnery sergeant (E-7) as Element Leader. MARSOC is based at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and is split into three subordinate commands:

Name	Insignia	Headquarters	Description
Marine Raider Regiment[17]		Camp Lejeune, NC and Camp Pendleton, CA	MRR consists of a Headquarters Company and three Marine Raider Battalions (1st, 2nd and 3rd). The MRBs are tasked with direct action, special reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, and information operations. They are also trained to carry out peacetime foreign internal defense[18] and unconventional warfare. This includes giving military training to friendly foreign nations. Each MRB consists of four Marine Special Operations Companies (MSOCs) that contain four Marine Special Operations Teams (MSOTs) in each Company. The organization allows a Team to operate on its own if needed, but maintains the ability to operate as part of a larger unit such as an MSOC or SOTF, similar to Army Special Forces ODA/B.[19] The core personnel strength of the MRBs was initially drafted from Force Reconnaissance Marines.
Marine Raider Support Group[17]		Camp Lejeune, NC	The MRSG, comprising the Group HQs, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Marine Raider Support Battalions, contain the Command's administrative, and support assets.[20] The MRSG trains, equips, structures, and provides specially qualified Marine forces to augment MSOTs, including operational logistics, intelligence, multipurpose canines handlers, Firepower Control Teams and communications support in order to sustain worldwide special operations missions.[21]
Marine Raider Training Center		Camp Lejeune, NC	The mission of the Marine Raider Training Center (MRTC) is to assess and select personnel for assignment to Marine Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC). They conduct language and cultural training, perform required curriculum review and updates of training material for all assigned courses, introduce and reinforce Personnel Resiliency (PERRES).[22]

Special Operations Combat Service Specialists (SOCS-Ss) are Combat Service Support Marines who serve one standard tour with MARSOC in their primary MOS, such as Motor Transport or Logistics. Their training includes core skills for joint and interagency work as well as enhanced SOF combat skills training to enable their successful integration and survivability in special operations environments.[23]

Special Operations Capabilities Specialists (SOCS) are Combat Support Marines who are able to join MARSOC based upon their MOS skill. They receive advanced special operations forces training and certification. SOCSs are operational and tactical force multipliers and frequently deploy alongside Critical Skills Operators (CSOs). SOCS billet fields include Intelligence, Communications, Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Dog Handlers, and Fire-Control Specialists. Special Operations Capabilities Specialist are awarded the AMOS of 8071, and return to the operating forces after an extended tour of service with MARSOC.[23]

Critical Skills Operators are the primary special operations Marines within MARSOC. They are trained to execute a variety of missions. Specialized training also provides capabilities in language fluency necessary for crossing cultural barriers, allowing CSOs to connect with the local forces as well as civilians.[26] Marines designated CSOs are awarded MOS 0372. Critical Skills Operators (CSOs) are assigned to Marine Special Operations Teams (MSOT), Companies (MSOC) and Battalions (MSOB).

Special Operations Officers (SOOs) are Marine Corps officers awarded the 0370 PMOS. Officer candidates trying to obtain this MOS have to be rank of First Lieutenant or higher and must go through similar training and more compared to enlistees. Special Operations Officer candidates will attend Assessment & Selection (A&S) Phase 1 and 2 together with their enlisted counterparts. Upon successful A&S Phase 1 and 2 completion, Marines selected for assignment as CSOs or SOOs attend Individual Training Course (ITC). Officers attending ITC will also attend MARSOC Team Commander's Course (MTCC), which coincides with ITC. Once all training has been completed, SOOs will be sent to their Marine Special Operations Teams (MSOT), Companies (MSOC), and Battalions (MSOB).

On 6 August 2014, MARSOC claimed and officially bestowed the prestigious Marine Raider moniker upon their subordinate combat units (Marine Special Operations Regiment) in commemoration of the fabled and elite amphibious light infantry unit that operated during World War II.[27]

In August 2016, the Marine Corps approved a new Marine Special Operator Insignia for wear by graduates of the five-phase Individual Training Course (ITC).[28]

The pin device will first be issued to the next ITC graduating class of critical skills operators. Critical skills operators and special operations officers already in the field will receive their pins later.

• In the film The Marine 3: Homefront, Mike "The Miz" Mizanin portrays former Force Recon Marine and MARSOC Critical Skills Operator, Jake Carter.
• During the mission Fog of War in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019 video game), the playable character Alex is accompanied by a Raider team.
• In the show Shooter: Ryan Phillippe portrays Bob Lee Swagger, a Marine Force Recon Scout Sniper who becomes a CSO during MARSOCs creation.[29]
• In season ten of Supernatural, the character Cole Trenton (portrayed by former Marine Travis Aaron Wade) served in MARSOC.
• The movie Den of Thieves has a group of former MARSOC Marines planning to rob the Los Angeles Federal Reserve.

Participants of a Jane Wayne Day event raid a town during the last portion of a simulated special operations mission on Camp Lejeune N.C., 19 October 2013

• 2007 Shinwar shooting
• Air Force Special Operations Command
• Force Reconnaissance
• Joint Special Operations Command
• Marine Raiders
• MCSOCOM Detachment One
• Organization of the United States Marine Corps
• Special Operations
• United States Army Special Operations Command
• United States Naval Special Warfare Command
• United States Special Operations Command
• Marine Air-Ground Task Force

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command.

• Marine Forces Special Operations Command official website
• 2013 SOCOM Factbook
• ShadowSpear Special Operations: MARSOC
• MARSOC Prerequisites and Recruitment Phases