Locomotives of the London and North Eastern Railway

The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) produced several classes of locomotive, mostly to the designs of Nigel Gresley, characterised by a three-cylinder layout with a parallel boiler and round-topped firebox. It produced the most iconic locomotive of its day, 4468 'Mallard', the holder of the world steam locomotive speed record. It also built the world-famous 4472 'Flying Scotsman'. However, its locomotive inheritance was much greater than just the 'A4 Class', it also produced highly successful mixed-traffic and freight designs.

Locomotives of constituent companies

Great Central Railway

Including the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway

Richard Peacock (1846–1854)

W. G. Craig (1854–1859)

Charles Sacré (1859–1886)

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDateLNER ClassNotes
1B2-4-051868(none)
40-4-0ST2Manning Wardle1883Y2Manning Wardle Class H
6B4-4-0271877–80D12
1720-6-011861(none)acquired from the South Yorkshire Railway
152-4-041865(none)Built for the Sardinian Railway
6C0-6-062Gorton Works1880–85J12
122-4-010Gorton Works1873(none)
12A2-4-0281875–85(none)
12AT2-4-0T8Gorton Works1881E8
12AM2-4-0T6Gorton Works1881(none)rebuild from 12AT
70-6-0T61885(none)
230-6-0501861-1867(none)
40-6-0ST1Manning Wardle1873J69/1Acquired 1876
180-6-0681869–73(none)Twenty rebuilt as tank engine 1902–05
18 Converted0-6-0ST201869–71J58Rebuilt from tender engines 1902–05
18A0-6-07Gorton Works1871(none)
18T0-6-0ST411871–81J59
142-2-2121882-1883(none)

Thomas Parker (1886–1893)

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDateLNER ClassNotes
24-4-025Kitson & Co. (13)
Gorton Works (12)
1887–1892D7
32-4-2T391889–1892F1
6AI0-6-0121888J8
6D2-4-03Gorton Works1887E2
6DB4-4-03Gorton Works1888D8
90-6-06Gorton Works1888–89J13
9A0-6-2T551889–92N4
9B & 9E0-6-031Neilson & Co. (25)
? (6)
1891–95J9
9C & 9F0-6-2T1291891–1901N5Includes two acquired with Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway
9D, 9H & 9M0-6-01241892–1902J10

Harry Pollitt (1893–1900)

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDateLNER ClassNotes
2A4-4-06Gorton Works1887–1892D7
50-6-0ST12Gorton Works1897J62
9G2-4-2T10Beyer, Peacock & Co.1896F2
114-4-06Gorton Works1894–95D5
11A4-4-033Gorton Works (13)
Beyer, Peacock & Co. (20)
1897–99D6
152-6-020Baldwin Locomotive Works1899(none)
134-2-261900X4

John G. Robinson (1900–22)

see John G. Robinson

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDateLNER Class1946 LNER nos.Notes
8C4-6-02Beyer, Peacock & Co.1903–04B11479–80later LNER Class B18
14-6-06Gorton Works1912–13B21490–93"Sir Sam Fay" class; later LNER Class B19
9P4-6-06Gorton Works1917–20B31494–99"Lord Faringdon" class
8F4-6-010Beyer, Peacock & Co.1906B41481–89"Immingham" class
84-6-014Neilson & Co. (6)
Beyer, Peacock & Co. (8)
1902–04B51678–90"Fish Engines"
8N4-6-03Gorton Works1918–21B61346–48
9Q4-6-038Gorton Works (23)
Vulcan Foundry (10)
Beyer, Peacock & Co. (5)
1921–23B71360–97Known as both the "Black Pigs" and the "Colliers' Friends"
1A4-6-011Gorton Works1913–15B81349–59"Glenalmond" class
8G4-6-010Beyer, Peacock & Co.1906B91469–78
8B/8J4-4-227Beyer, Peacock & Co. (7)
North British Loco. Co. (12)
Gorton Works (8)
1903–06C42900–25
8D/8E4-4-24Gorton Works1905–06C52895–98[1] Three-cylinder compounds
11B/11C/11D4-4-040Sharp, Stewart & Co. (30)
Vulcan Foundry (10)
1901–04D92300–33
11E4-4-010Gorton Works1913D102650–59"Director" class
11F4-4-035Armstrong Whitworth (12)
Gorton Works (11)
Kitson & Co. (12)
1919–24D112660–94"Improved Director" class
9J0-6-0174Neilson, Reid & Co. (49)
Beyer, Peacock & Co. (25)
Gorton Works (70)
Vulcan Foundry (15)
Yorkshire Engine Co. (15)
1901–10J114280–4453
8K2-8-0126Gorton Works (56)
Kitson & Co. (20)
North British Loco. Co. (50)
1911–14O43570–3900Another 521 built for the government, of which 276 later came to the LNER. 58 converted to “O1” between 1944 and 1952
8M2-8-019Gorton Works1918–21O53902–3920All eventually converted to "O4"
8A0-8-089Gorton Works (35)
Kitson & Co. (51)
Neilson, Reid & Co. (3)
1902–11Q43200–43, 9925–3713 converted to tanks by LNER (class Q1) 1942–45
9N4-6-2T21Gorton Works1911–17A59800–2024 more built by LNER 1923–26
9K4-4-2T40Gorton Works (28)
Vulcan Foundry (12)
1903–05C137400–39
9L4-4-2T12Beyer, Peacock & Co.1907C147440–51
40-6-0ST1Hudswell Clarke1909J69/1[2] Acquired 1911
5A0-6-0T7Gorton Works1906–14J638204–10[3]
1B2-6-4T20Gorton Works1914–17L19050–69[4] LNER class L3 from 1945; first standard gauge locomotive of its wheel arrangement in Britain
8H0-8-4T4Beyer, Peacock & Co.1907–08S19900–05[2] Two more built by LNER in 1932

There were also 3 steam rail cars built in 1904–1905. These were withdrawn in 1914.

Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway

The Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway was absorbed by the Great Central Railway on 1 January 1907. All LD&ECR locomotives were built by Kitson & Co.

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityDateLNER ClassNotes
A0-6-2T181895–1900N6[5] LDEC Nos. 1–8, 19–28. Five more that had been ordered were sold by Kitson's to the Hull and Barnsley Railway
B0-6-0T41897J60[6] LDEC Nos. 9–12
C0-4-4T61897–1898G3[7] LDEC Nos. 13–18
D0-6-4T91904–06M1[8] LDEC Nos. 29–34, A1–13; GCR 1148–1153, 1145–47

Great Eastern Railway

Great North of Scotland Railway

In 1923 the Great North of Scotland Railway passed on a total of 122 locomotives, 100 4-4-0 tender locomotives and 22 tank engines, all capable of being used on either passenger or goods trains, to the LNER.[9]

Locomotive superintendentGNoSR
Class
LNER
class
Quantity
Built
Passed to LNERWheel
arrangement
ManufacturerDate introducedDate withdrawnNotes
William Cowan
(1857–83)
KD47/2634-4-0Neilson & Co.18661921–25[10]
LD47/1664-4-0Neilson & Co.18761924–26[11]
MD45994-4-0Neilson & Co.18781925–32[11]
CD39334-4-0Neilson & Co.18791925–27[11]
James Manson
(1883–90)
AD44664-4-0Kitson & Co.18841924–32[12]
GD48334-4-0Kitson & Co.18851928–34[12]
DJ90660-6-0TKitson & Co.18841932–36[13]
EJ91330-6-0TKitson & Co.18851931–34[13]
ND46224-4-0GNSR Kittybrewster18871932–36[14]
OD42994-4-0Kitson & Co.18881935–46[15]
PD43334-4-0R. Stephenson & Co.18901936–38[16]
QD38334-4-0R. Stephenson & Co.18901931–38[16]
James Johnson
(1890–94)
RG10990-4-4TNeilson & Co.18931937–47[17]
SD41664-4-0Neilson & Co.18931947–[18]
William Pickersgill
(1894–1914)
TD4126264-4-0Neilson & Co.1895–981946–[19]
VD405134-4-0Neilson & Co.1899–19001946–Ten were ordered, five sold to the SE&CR[20]
VD4084-4-0GNSR Inverurie1910–151947–[21]
Thomas E. Heywood
(1914–23)
YZ5220-4-2TManning Wardle1915[22]
XZ5, later Z4220-4-2TManning Wardle1915[22]
FD40684-4-0North British Loco. Co.1920Named[23]
FD4024-4-0GNSR Inverurie1921Named[23]

Great Northern Railway

Hull and Barnsley Railway

From its formal establishment in 1885 to the time that it was taken over by the North Eastern Railway (NER) in 1922, the CME of the H&BR was Matthew Stirling, who, like his father and uncle, built locomotives with domeless boilers.

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDateLNER ClassNotes
A0-6-0T12Beyer, Peacock & Co.1884
B0-6-020Beyer, Peacock & Co.1884
C2-4-010Beyer, Peacock & Co.1885
K0-4-0WT6Kitson & Co.1886–89
B0-6-055Kitson & Co. (36)
Vulcan Foundry (4)
Yorkshire Engine Co. (15)
1889–1908J23
G20-6-0T3R. Stephenson & Co.1892J80
F10-6-2T5Kitson & Co.1900N11Ordered by the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway
F20-6-2T9Kitson & Co.1901N12
G30-6-0T16Yorkshire Engine Co. (6)
Kitson & Co. (10)
1901–08J75
A0-8-015Yorkshire Engine Co.1907Q10
J4-4-05Kitson & Co.1910D24
L10-6-010Kitson & Co.1911–12J28
L0-6-05Yorkshire Engine Co.1914J28
LS0-6-05Kitson & Co.1915J28
F30-6-2T10Hawthorn Leslie1913–14N13

Metropolitan Railway

Three classes (the G, H and K Classes) were taken into LNER stock on 1 November 1937. The other former Metropolitan locomotives were retained by London Transport, which had acquired all of them at its formation on 1 July 1933.[24]

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDateLNER ClassNotes
A4-4-0T40Beyer, Peacock & Co.1864–70
B4-4-0T20Beyer, Peacock & Co.1879–85
C0-4-4T4Neilson & Co.1891
D2-4-0T6Sharp, Stewart & Co.1915
E0-4-4T7Hawthorne Leslie (4),
Neasden Works (3)
1896–1901
F0-6-2T4Yorkshire Engine Co.1915
G0-6-4T4Yorkshire Engine Co.1915M2
H4-4-4T8Kerr, Stuart & Co.1920–21H2
K2-6-4T6Armstrong Whitworth1925L2Similar to the SECR K Class;
designed by R.E.L. Maunsell

Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway

M&GN locomotives were taken into LNER stock on 1 October 1936.

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDateLNER ClassNotes
M&GN Class A4-4-2T3Melton Constable Works1904–1910C17M&GN Nos. 41, 20, 9
M&GN Class C4-4-040Sharp, Stewart & Co. (33)
Beyer, Peacock & Co. (7)
1894–1899D52/D53/D54LNER class based on firebox variations
M&GN Class D0-6-016Neilson & Co. (8)
Kitson & Co. (8)
1896-1899J40/J41J41 was a rebuilt D Class while J40 was not rebuilt
M&GN Shunting Class0-6-0T9Melton Constable Works1897–1905J93

North British Railway

North Eastern Railway

Locomotives built by the LNER

Gresley designs

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDatePost-1946
numbers
Notes
A34-6-227Doncaster Works
North British Loco. Co.
1928–3535–112+51 rebuilds of A1
A44-6-235Doncaster Works1935–381–34Streamlined
B174-6-073North British Loco. Co. (10)
Darlington Works (52)
R. Stephenson & Co. (11)
1928–371600–1672[25]Two were streamlined in "A4" style
D494-4-076Darlington Works1927–352700–2775Named after counties & hunts.
J380-6-035Darlington Works19265900–5934
J390-6-0289Darlington Works (261)
Beyer, Peacock & Co. (28)
1926–414700–4988
K42-6-05Darlington Works1937–391993–1998One later rebuilt by Thompson as K1
P12-8-22Doncaster Works1925
P22-8-26Doncaster Works1934–36501–506later streamlined – all rebuilt as A2/2 during 1941–44
U12-8-0+0-8-21Beyer, Peacock & Co.19259999Garratt – for banking on Worsborough incline
V12-6-2T82Doncaster Works1930–397600–768163 later rebuilt as V3
V22-6-2184Doncaster Works
Darlington Works
1936–44800–983Three-cylinder
V32-6-2T10Doncaster Works1939-407682–7691+63 rebuilds of V1 – larger boiler development of V1
V42-6-22Doncaster Works19411700–1701Three-cylinder
W14-6-41Darlington Works192910000experimental high pressure locomotive, later rebuilt in "A4" style.

Thompson designs

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDatePost 1946
numbers
Notes
A1/14-6-211945113Rebuild of Gresley A1 "Great Northern"
A2/24-6-261943501–506Rebuilds of Gresley "P2" 2-8-2s
A2/14-6-24Darlington Works1944507–510Derived from V2 2-6-2 design.
A2/34-6-215Doncaster Works1946–47500, 511–524
B14-6-0274Darlington Works
North British Loco. Co.
Vulcan Foundry
1942–521000–1273[26]Another 136 (Nos.61274–61409) built by BR
B24-6-091945–49[27] Rebuilds of Gresley B17 class
K12-6-0119451997Rebuild of Gresley K4 class
K52-6-0119451841Rebuild of Gresley K3 class
O12-8-0581944Rebuilds of Robinson "O4" class
L12-6-4T1Darlington Works19457701Another 99 built by BR 1949–50
Q10-8-0T131942–439925–9937Rebuilds of Robinson "Q4" class tender engines

Peppercorn designs

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDateNumberNotes
A24-6-21Doncaster Works194752514 more built by BR 1948

Another A1, "Tornado" has been built by subscription among LNER (and other) locomotive enthusiasts, and came into service in 2008. In total it cost £3 million. Again under the chairmanship of Mark Allatt, the team is (2014) now raising funds most successfully to build another Gresley P2 2-8-2 of the "Cock O'the North" Class, to be called "Prince of Wales". Both new steam locomotives are the product of a restored railway works in Darlington.

Other designs

Post-Nationalisation

British Railways continued to build LNER designs (the B1 and L1 classes in particular) immediately after Nationalisation. Remarkably, it even built a new series of shunting locomotives (J72 class) to a pre-Grouping design (of the North Eastern Railway). However, it was to be the Eastern Region that took the first of BR's new Standard locomotives, 70000 'Britannia', for its Great Eastern Main Line workings to Norwich in 1951.

BR built 396 locomotives to ex-LNER designs. One of these, the J72 Class was a North Eastern Railway design dating from 1898.

ClassWheel
arrangement
QuantityManufacturerDateNumbersNotes
Peppercorn A1 4-6-2 49 Doncaster Works (26)
Darlington Works (23)
1948-49 60114–162
Peppercorn A2 4-6-2 14 Doncaster Works 1948 60526–539
Thompson B1 4-6-0 136 North British Loco. Co.(106)
Gorton Works (10)
Darlington Works (20)
1948–52 61273–409 [26]
J72 0-6-0T 28 Darlington Works 1949–51 69001–28 NER Class E1
Thompson/Peppercorn K1 2-6-0 70 North British Loco. Co. 1949–50 62001–70
Thompson L1 2-6-4T 99 Darlington Works (29)
North British Loco. Co. (35)
R. Stephenson & Hawthorns (35)
1948–50 67702–800

Withdrawal

Withdrawal of ex-LNER locomotives took place throughout the 1960s, with some of the once high-profile 'A4 Class' locomotives ending their lives on heavy freight trains in Scotland; a far cry from the glamorous express workings of the late 1930s.

Preservation

Several of the many LNER locomotives have been preserved. (Numbers given are those currently carried: many locomotives have carried a range of numbers during their active and preserved careers).

Class Wheel
arrangement
NumberNameHome BaseStatus
A4 Pacific4-6-24464BitternCrewe LNWROperational; under overhaul
A4 Pacific4-6-24468MallardNational Railway MuseumStatic exhibit
A4 Pacific4-6-260009Union of South AfricaThornton YardOperational; to be withdrawn at the end of its boiler ticket and placed in the 'Farming and Railway Visiting Centre' in Fife.[28]
A4 Pacific4-6-24489Dominion of CanadaCanadian Railway MuseumStatic exhibit
A4 Pacific4-6-260008Dwight D EisenhowerNational Railroad Museum, Green Bay, WisconsinStatic exhibit
A4 Pacific4-6-260007Sir Nigel GresleyNorth Yorkshire Moors RailwayOperational; under overhaul
A3 Pacific4-6-260103Flying ScotsmanNational Railway MuseumOperational
A2 Peppercorn4-6-260532Blue PeterCrewe LNWROperational; under overhaul
B1 Thompson4-6-061264North Yorkshire Moors RailwayOperational
B1 Thompson4-6-01306MayflowerNorth Norfolk RailwayOperational
D49 Class4-4-0249MorayshireBo'ness & Kinneil RailwayOperational
D40 Class4-4-049Gordon HighlanderBo'ness & Kinneil RailwayStatic Exhibit
D26 Class4-4-0256Glen DouglasRiverside Museum, GlasgowStatic Exhibit
D17/1 Class4-4-01621National Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
O4 Class2-8-063601Great Central RailwayOperational; under overhaul
D11 Class4-4-0506Butler-HendersonNational Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
C1 Class4-4-2251National Railway Museum, YorkStatic Exhibit
C2 "Klondyke" Class4-4-2990Henry OakleyNational Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
K4 Class2-6-061994The Great MarquessThornton YardCracked firebox discovered at visit to NYMR; currently awaiting repair
K1 Thompson/Peppercorn2-6-062005Lord of the IslesNorth Yorkshire Moors RailwayOperational
V2 Class2-6-24771Green ArrowNational Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
B12/3 Class4-6-08572North Norfolk RailwayOperational
J27 Class0-6-065894North Yorkshire Moors RailwayOperational; awaiting overhaul
J21 Class0-6-065033National Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit: awaiting outcome of funding bid for restoration to steam.
Q6 Class0-8-063395North Yorkshire Moors RailwayOperational; under overhaul
E6 Class2-4-0910National Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
E5 Class2-4-01463Head of Steam, DarlingtonStatic Exhibit
E4 Class2-4-0490Bressingham Steam MuseumStatic Exhibit
J36 Class0-6-0673MaudeBo'ness & Kinneil RailwayOperational; under overhaul
J15 Class0-6-0564North Norfolk RailwayOperational
J17 Class0-6-01217National Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
J72 Class0-6-0T69023JoemWensleydale RailwayOperational
Q7 Class0-8-0901Head of Steam, DarlingtonStatic Exhibit
J69 Class0-6-0T87National Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
N2 Class0-6-2T4744Great Central RailwayOperational
J52 Class0-6-0ST1247National Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
N7 Class0-6-2T1899National Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
Y9 Class0-4-0ST42Scottish Railway Preservation Society MuseumStatic Exhibit
Y5 Class0-4-0ST229The Flour Mill Locomotive Repair WorkshopAwaiting restoration to working order. Withdrawn in 1921, so it never carried an official LNER number.
X1 Class (experimental)2-2-4T66AeroliteNational Railway MuseumStatic Exhibit
Y7 Class0-4-0T1310Middleton RailwayOperational
Y7 Class0-4-0T985North Norfolk RailwayOperational
Y1 "Sentinel" Class0-4-0VBT68153Middleton RailwayAwaiting restoration to working order

† denotes name given only in preservation.

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. Baxter 1988, pp. 214–215.
  2. Baxter 1988, p. 249.
  3. Baxter 1988, pp. 248–249.
  4. Baxter 1988, pp. 247–248.
  5. Baxter 1988, p. 169.
  6. Baxter 1988, pp. 169–170.
  7. Baxter 1988, p. 170.
  8. Baxter 1988, pp. 170–171.
  9. Vallance 1991, p. 164.
  10. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 187–188, 190, 226.
  11. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 189–190, 192, 226.
  12. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 192–193, 226.
  13. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 193–194, 227.
  14. Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 195, 226.
  15. Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 195, 198, 226.
  16. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 197–198, 226.
  17. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 199–200, 227.
  18. Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 200, 226.
  19. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 201–202, 226.
  20. Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 204, 226.
  21. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 207, 226.
  22. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 208, 227.
  23. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 208–209, 226.
  24. Goudie 1990, pp. 46, 55, 59, 63–65.
  25. Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 94–123.
  26. Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 124–157.
  27. Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 158–165.
  28. Steam Railway magazine issue 462

Sources

  • Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W. B. (March 1975). Fry, E. V. (ed.). Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 2B: Tender Engines—Classes B1 to B19. Lincoln: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-73-8.
  • Barclay-Harvey, Malcolm (1950). A History of the Great North of Scotland Railway. Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-2592-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Baxter, Bertram (1986). Baxter, David (ed.). British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 5A: North Eastern Railway, Hull and Barnsley Railway. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing Company. ISBN 0-903485-54-0.
  • Baxter, Bertram (1988). Baxter, David (ed.). British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, volume 5B: Great Northern Railway and Great Central Railway. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing. ISBN 0-903485-86-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Baxter, Bertram (2012). Baxter, David; Mitchell, Peter (eds.). British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 6: Great Eastern Railway, North British Railway, Great North of Scotland Railway, Midland & Great Northern Joint Railway, remaining companies in the LNER group. Southampton: Kestrel Railway Books. ISBN 978-1-905505-26-5.
  • Goudie, Frank (1990). Metropolitan Steam Locomotives. Harrow Weald: Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-118-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Groves, Norman (1992). Great Northern Locomotive History, Volume 3b: 1911–1922 The Gresley Era. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. ISBN 0-901115-70-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Vallance, H. A. (27 June 1991). Great North of Scotland railway. The History of the Railways of the Scottish Highlands vol 3. David St John Thomas. ISBN 978-0-946537-60-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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