List of people executed for homosexuality in Europe
Societal attitudes towards same-sex relationships have varied over time and place, from expecting all males to engage in same-sex relationships, to casual integration, through acceptance, to seeing the practice as a minor sin, repressing it through law enforcement and judicial mechanisms, and to proscribing it under penalty of death. The following individuals received the death penalty for it.
Executed individuals
- Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven (1593 – 1631), English nobleman tried and executed for committing sodomy with male servants and procuring the rape of his wife[1]
- John Atherton (1598 – 1640), Bishop of Waterford and Lismore[2]
Belgium
| Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| John de Wettre | 1292 | A "maker of small knives" condemned at Ghent and burned at the pillory next to St. Peter's[3]:17 |
France
| Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Dominique Phinot | 1556 | Composer of the Renaissance[4] |
| Jean Diot | 6 July 1750 | The last two to be executed for sodomy in France |
| Bruno Lenoir |
Germany
| Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Katherina Hetzeldorfer | 1477 | German cross-dressing lesbian executed for heresy against nature after having used a dildo on two female partners. |
| Catharina Margaretha Linck | 1721 | Prussian cross-dressing lesbian executed for sodomy; her execution was the last for lesbian sexual activity in Europe. |
Italy
| Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Giovanni di Giovanni | 1365 | 15-year-old Italian boy charged with being "a public and notorious passive sodomite"[5][6] |
| Jacopo Bonfadio | 1550 | Humanist and historian[7] |
| Francesco Calcagno | Venetian Franciscan friar.[8] |
Netherlands
| Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Jillis Bruggeman | 9 March 1803 | Last person executed for sodomy in Netherlands[9] |
Spain
| Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Margarida Borràs | 1460 | Cross-dressing transsexual |
Switzerland
| Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Richard Puller von Hohenburg | 24 September 1482 | Swiss nobleman and knight |
| Hans Waldmann (mayor) | 6 April 1489 | Executed for multiple crimes, including sodomy |
United Kingdom
| Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Joseph Bird | 26 August 1803 | |
| Mathuselah Spalding | 8 February 1804 | |
| David Robertson | 13 August 1806 | |
| James Stockton | 13 September 1806 | |
| Joseph Holland | ||
| John Powell | ||
| Isaac Hitchen | 27 September 1806 | |
| Thomas Rix | ||
| William Billey | 31 March 1808 | |
| James Bartlett | 4 April 1809 | |
| Richard Oakden | 15 November 1809 | |
| Samuel Mounser | 31 August 1810 | |
| Thomas White | 7 March 1811 | Ensign James Hepburn, 25, and Drummer Thomas White, 16, hanged in front of Newgate Prison, London[10] |
| John Hepburn | ||
| David Myers | 4 May 1812 | |
| George Godfrey | 1 April 1813 | |
| Henry Youens | 18 August 1814 | |
| John Ottaway | ||
| Moonie/Munnes | 23 December 1814 | |
| Abaraham Adams | 26 July 1815 | |
| John Eglerton | 23 September 1816 | |
| Robert Yandell | 2 December 1816 | |
| George Siggins | 21 August 1817 | |
| John Prinn | 3 April 1818 | |
| Joseph Charlton | 14 April 1819 | |
| John Markham | 29 December 1819 | |
| Duncan Livingstone | 3 February 1820 | |
| Thomas Foster | 3 May 1820 | |
| Matthias Driscoll | 4 July 1821 | |
| John Holland | 25 November 1822 | |
| William King | ||
| William North | 24 February 1823 | |
| William Arden | 21 March 1823 | |
| Benjamin Candler | ||
| John Doughty | ||
| Charles Clutton | 13 August 1824 | |
| Joseph Bennett | 20 April 1825 | |
| George Maggs | ||
| Daniel Woodward | 20 December 1826 | |
| Samuel Wright | 17 April 1830 | |
| John Stammers | 13 August 1830 | |
| Henry Nicholl | 12 August 1833 | |
| George Cropper | 26 December 1833 | |
| Thomas Rogers | 26 April 1834 | |
| William Hocking | 21 August 1834 | |
| John Sparsholt | 22 August 1835 | |
| John Smith | 27 November 1835 | The last two to be hanged for sodomy in England |
| John Pratt |
See also
- Capital punishment for homosexuality
- Criminalization of homosexuality in majority-Muslim countries
- Homosexuality in society
- List of executed people
- Violence against LGBT people
References
- Herrup, Cynthia B. (1999). A House in Gross Disorder: Sex, Law, and the 2nd Earl of Castlehaven. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195125184.
- Norris, David (2009-05-17). "Changing Attitudes". Public Address at the service to mark international day against homophobia in Christ Church Cathedral. David Norris. Archived from the original on 2009-06-06. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
- Crompton, Louis (1981). Salvatore J. Licata; Robert P. Petersen (eds.). Historical Perspectives on Homosexuality. Haworth Press. ISBN 9780917724275.
- Jacob, Roger "Dominique Phinot", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed January 1, 2006), (subscription access)
- Rocke, Michael (1996). Forbidden Friendships, Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence. Oxford University Press. pp. 24, 227, 356, 360. ISBN 0-19-512292-5.
- Meyer, Michael J (2000). Literature and Homosexuality. Rodopi. p. 206. ISBN 90-420-0519-X.
- Official website commemorating 500 years since Bonfadio's birth Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
- Tucker, Scott (1997). The Queer Question: Essays on Desire and Democracy. Boston: South End Press. ISBN 978-0-89608-577-0. p. 46.
- https://www.rijnmond.nl/nieuws/126712/Schiedam-herdenkt-geexecuteerde-sodomist
- Davenport, Guy (2003), "Wos Es War, Soll Ich Werden" in The Death of Picasso, Shoemaker & Hoard, Washington, D.C., p. 334.
- http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org
External links
- Claude Courouve, Procès de sodomie en France, (1307-1783). (In French)
- Anonymous (Dale Sheldon), LGBT victims, 1291–2012, "Gay History Wiki".
- Stefano Bolognini & Giovanni Dall'Orto, List of executions for sodomy in Italy (1293-1782) (in Italian), "WikiPink".
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