List of nearest galaxies

This is a list of known galaxies within 3.8 megaparsecs (12 million light-years) of the Solar System, in ascending order of heliocentric distance, or the distance to the Sun. This encompasses all of the about 50 major Local Group galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups, the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group, and some that are currently not in any defined galaxy group.

The list aims to reflect current knowledge: not all galaxies within the 3.8 Mpc radius have been discovered. Nearby dwarf galaxies are still being discovered, and galaxies located behind the central plane of the Milky Way are extremely difficult to discern. It is possible for any galaxy to mask another located beyond it. Intergalactic distance measurements are subject to large uncertainties. Figures listed are composites of many measurements, some of which may have had their individual error bars tightened to the point of no longer overlapping with each other.[1]

List

# Picture Galaxy Type Distance from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership
Notes Diameter (ly)
Millions of light-years Mpc M m
  - Milky Way SBbc 0.0265
(to the galactic center)[2]
0.008[2] −20.8[1] n/a Local Group Home galaxy of Earth. Barred spiral galaxy. 100,000–180,000 ly
  1 Canis Major Dwarf Irr (status as galaxy disputed) 0.025[3] 0.008 −14.5 23.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
  2 Draco II 0.0701 0.0215[4] −0.8[4] 15.87[4][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 120 ly[4]
  3 Tucana III 0.0747 0.0229[5] −1.3[5] 15.5[5][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way that is being tidally disrupted[5] 220 ly
  4 Segue 1 dSph or Glob Clus 0.075 0.023[6] −3.0[6] 13.8[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  5 Sagittarius Dwarf Sphr SagDEG dSph/E7 0.081 0.024[7] −12.67[7] 4.5[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (partial accretion by Milky Way) 10,000 ly
  6 Hydrus I 0.0701 0.0276[9] −4.71[9] 12.49[9][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way, possibly associated with the Magellanic Clouds[9] 348 ly[9]
  7 Carina III 0.0906 0.0278[10] −2.4[10] 14.82[10][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 200 ly[10]
  8 Ursa Major II Dwarf dSph 0.098 0.030 −4.2 14.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way) ~1,800 ly
  9 Triangulum II 0.098 0.030[11] −1.8[11] 15.6[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
 10 Reticulum II 0.102 0.0314[5] −3.1[5] 14.4[5][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 378 ly
 11 Segue 2 dSph 0.114 0.035[12] −2.5[12] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way, one of the smallest known galaxies 220 ly
 12 Carina II 0.122 0.0374[10] −4.5[10] 13.36[10][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 590 ly[10]
 13 Willman 1 dSph or Star Clus 0.120 0.038[13] −2.7[13] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 14 Boötes II dSph 0.136 0.042[13] −2.7[13] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 15 Coma Berenices Dwarf dSph 0.137 0.042[14] −3.6[14] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 16 Pictor II 0.15 0.045[15] −3.2[15] 15.1[15][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way possibly associated with the Large Magellanic Cloud[15] 300 ly[15]
 17 Boötes III dSph 0.150 0.046[16] −5.8[17] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 18 Tucana IV 0.16 0.048[11] −3.5[11] 14.9[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 19 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) SB(s)m 0.163 0.050[7] −17.93[7] 0.9[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 14,000 ly
 20 Grus II 0.179 0.055[18] −3.9[18] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 607 ly[18]
 21 Tucana II 0.186 0.057[19] −3.8[19] 15.0[19][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1080 ly[19]
 22 Boötes I dSph 0.197[8] 0.060 −5.8[20] 13.1 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 23 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292) SB(s)m pec 0.206 0.063[7] −16.35[7] 2.7[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 7,000 ly
 24 Ursa Minor Dwarf dE4 0.206 0.063[7] −7.13[7] 11.9[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 25 Sagittarius II 0.238 0.0731[21] 5.7[21] 13.62[21][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way that was possibly once a satellite of Sgr dSph[21] 232 ly[21]
 26 Horologium II 0.25 0.078[11] −2.6[11] 1.69[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 287 ly[22]
 27 Draco Dwarf (DDO 208) dE0 pec 0.258 0.079[7] −8.74[7] 10.9[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way with a large amount of dark matter ~2,700 × 1,900 ly
 28 Horologium I 0.258 0.079[23] -3.4[23] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 196 ly
 29 Pisces I dIrr/dSph[24] 0.26 0.8[25] −10.35[24] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 30 Sextans Dwarf Sph dSph 0.281 0.086[7] −7.98[7] 12[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 8,400 ly
 31 Sculptor Dwarf (E351-G30) dE3 0.287 0.088[7] −9.77[7] 10.1[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 32 Virgo I 0.30 0.091[11] −0.3[11] 19.5[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 33 Reticulum III 0.30 0.092[26] −3.3[26] 16.51[26][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 420 ly[26]
 34 Phoenix II 0.326 0.100[18] −2.7[18] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 290 ly[18]
 35 Ursa Major I Dwarf (UMa I dSph) dSph 0.330 0.10[27] −6.75[27] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way A few thousand ly
 36 Carina Dwarf (E206-G220) dE3 0.330 0.10[7] −8.97[27] 11.3[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,600 ly
 37 Aquarius II 0.3519 0.1079[28] −4.36[28] 15.8[28][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,040 ly[28]
 38 Pictor II 0.372 0.114[29] −3.1[29] 20.3[29][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 190 ly[29]
 39 Crater II 0.383 0.1175[11] −8.2[11] 12.2[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 40 Grus I 0.391 0.120[19] −3.4[19] 17.0[19][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 404 ly
 41 Antlia 2 0.422 0.1294 −8.5 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way, most diffuse galaxy ever found
 42 Hercules Dwarf dSph 0.430 0.133[30] −5.3[30] 14.7[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 43 Fornax Dwarf (E356-G04) dSph/E2 0.46 0.14[1] −11.5[7] 9.28[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 44 Canes Venatici II Dwarf dSph 0.49 0.15[6] −4.8[6] 15.1[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 45 Hydra II dSph 0.49 0.151[31] −5.1[31] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 500 ly[31]
 46 Leo IV Dwarf dSph 0.502 0.154[32] −5.5[32] 15.9[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 47 Leo V Dwarf dSph 0.570 0.175[33] −5.2[33] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 48 Pisces II dG[34] 0.596 0.183[34] −4.1[34] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 49 Columba I 0.597 0.183[35] −4.2[35] 17.11[35][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 760 ly[35]
 50 Boötes IV 0.682 0.209[36] −4.53[36] 17.07[36][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way[36] 3,000 ly[36]
 51 Indus II 0.30 0.214[26] −4.3[26] 17.35[26][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,180 ly[26]
 52 Leo II Dwarf (Leo B, DDO 93) dE0 pec 0.701[37] 0.215 −9.23[7] 12.45[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 4,100 ly (tidal)
 53 Pegasus III 0.701 0.215[38] −3.4[38] 18.26[38][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 350 ly[38]
 54 Canes Venatici I Dwarf dSph 0.711 0.218[39] −7.9[40] 13.9[40] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 55 Leo I Dwarf (DDO 74, UGC 5470) dE3 0.820[37] 0.25 −10.97[7] 11.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 56 Cetus III 0.819 0.251[41] −2.45[41] 19.55[41][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 580 ly[41]
 57 Eridanus II 1.19[42] 0.366[42] −7.1[42] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,810 ly[42]
 58 Leo T Dwarf dIrr/dSph 1.370 0.42[43] 16[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way? 2,300 ly
 59 Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy (P 6830) IAm 1.44 0.44 −10.22[7] 13.07[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 60 Barnard's Galaxy (NGC 6822) IB(s)m IV-V 1.630[37] 0.50 −15.22[7] 9.32[1] Local Group It contains several large H II regions 7,000 ly
 61 Pisces V (Andromeda XVI) dSph[44] 1.80 0.55[44][NB 2] −7.6[44] 16.1[44] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 985 ly[44]
 62 NGC 185 dE3 pec 2.05[45] 0.63 −14.76[7] 9.99[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda; possibly closest Seyfert galaxy to Earth
 63 IC 10 (UGC 192) dIrr IV/BCD[8] 2.2 0.67 −15.57[7] 12.2[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 64 Andromeda II dE0 2.23 0.68[44][NB 2] −12.6[44] 11.7[44] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 6,820 ly[44]
 65 Cassiopeia II (Andromeda XXX) dSph[46] 2.22 0.681[47] −8.0[48] 16.0[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 1,800 ly
 66 Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69) IBm V 2.250[37] 0.80[49] −11.68[49] 12.92 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 67 IC 1613 (UGC 668) IAB(s)m V 2.350[37] 0.72 −14.51[7] 9.92[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 68 Andromeda XVII dSph[46] 2.37 0.727[47] −7.8[48] 16.6[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 1,900 ly
 69 Andromeda XXV dSph[46] 2.40 0.736[47] −9.0[48] 15.3[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 3,560 ly
 70 Andromeda XI dSph[46] 2.410 0.74[50] −7.3[51] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 71 Andromeda XX dSph[46] 2.42 0.741[46] −6.4[48] 18.0[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 590 ly[48]
 72 Andromeda XXIII dSph[46] 2.48 0.748[46] −9.8[48] 14.6[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 7,770 ly[48]
 73 Andromeda III dE2 2.451 0.75[44][NB 2] −10.1[44] 14.4[44] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2750 ly[44]
 74 Cetus Dwarf dSph/E4 2.460[45] 0.75 −10.18[7] 14.4[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 75 Andromeda XXVI dSph[46] 2.46 0.754[47] −5.8[48] 18.5[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 980 ly
 76 Pisces III (Andromeda XIII) dSph[46] 2.48 0.760[47] −6.5[48] 17.8[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 850 ly
 77 M32 (NGC 221) E2 2.489;[37] 0.76 −15.96[7] 8.73[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda 6,500 ly
 78 Cassiopeia Dwarf (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII) dSph 2.490[45] 0.76 −11.67[7] 13.65[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 79 Andromeda XV dSph[44] 2.490 0.76[44][NB 2] −8.4[44] 16.0[44] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7] 1840 ly[44]
 80 Andromeda IX dE 2.500[45] 0.77 −7.5[7] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 81 Pisces Dwarf dIrr/dSph 2.510[45] 0.77 −7.96[7] 16.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Triangulum
 82 Andromeda V dSph[46] 2.52[45] 0.77 −8.41[7] 16.67[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 83 Cassiopeia III (Andromeda XXXII) 2.52 0.772[52] −12.3[52] 12.15[52][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 9,500 ly[52]
 84 Lacerta I (Andromeda XXXI) dSph 2.52 0.773[53] −11.4[53] 13.04[53][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[53] 4,750 ly[53]
 85 NGC 147 (DDO 3) dE5 pec 2.53[45] 0.78 −14.9[7] 10.36[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 86 Andromeda Galaxy (M31) SA(s)b 2.538[45] 0.78 −21.58[7] 4.17[1] Local Group Largest Galaxy in the Local Group, with at least 19 satellite galaxies. Barred spiral galaxy. 220,000 ly
 87 Pegasus Dwarf Sph (And VI) dSph[46] 2.55[45] 0.78 −10.80[7] 14.05[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 88 Perseus I (Andromeda XXXIII) 2.56 0.785[54] −10.3[54] 14.19[54][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2,600 ly[54]
 89 Pisces IV (Andromeda XIV) 2.59 0.793[47] −8.5[48] 15.8[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda ~1,700 ly
 90 Andromeda I dE3 pec 2.6 0.80[44][NB 2] −12.0[44] 12.7[44] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 5,840 ly[44]
 91 Andromeda XXVIII dSph[46] 2.65 0.811[55] −8.7[55] 15.85[55][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 1,800 ly[55]
 92 Andromeda VIII dSph[56] 2.7 0.828 −15.6 9.1 Local Group Tidally distorted dwarf close to Andromeda discovered 2003[56]
 93 Andromeda XXIX 2.70 0.829[55] −8.5[55] 16.09[55][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2,050 ly[55]
 94 M110 (NGC 205) E6p 2.67[45] 0.83 −16.15[7] 8.72[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda
 95 Triangulum Galaxy (M33) SA(s)cd 2.73[45] 0.83 −18.87[7] 6.19[1] Local Group Most distant (difficult) naked eye object. Closest unbarred spiral galaxy to us. 60,000 ly
 96 Andromeda XXI[57] dSph[46] 2.8 0.86 −9.9 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 97 Tucana Dwarf dE5 2.87 0.88[7] −9.16 15.7[1] Local Group[7] Isolated group member — a 'primordial' galaxy[58]
 98 Andromeda X dSph[8] 2.90 0.889 −8.1[59] 16.1[8] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda discovered 2006
 99 Andromeda XXIV dSph[46] 2.93 0.898[46] −8.4[48] 16.3[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 4,440 ly[48]
100 Pegasus Dwarf Irregular (DDO 216) dIrr/dSph[8] 3.00[45] 0.92 −11.47[7] 13.21[8] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
101 Andromeda XII dSph[46] 3.03 0.928[47] −7.0[48] 17.7[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2,740 ly
102 Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) IB(s)m[8] 3.04 0.933[49] −14.06[49] 11.03[8] Local Group Isolated member at the edge of the local group 11,500 ly
103 Andromeda XIX[60] dSph[46] 3.04 0.933 −9.3 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda, spread over 1.7 kpc 2,200 ly
104 Aquarius Dwarf Galaxy (DDO 210) Im V 3.2[45] 0.98[49] −11.09[49] 14.0[8] Local Group Isolated group member
105 Andromeda XXII[57] dSph[46] 3.22 0.987 18.0 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
106 Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (SagDIG) IB(s)m V[8] 3.39 1.04[7] −11.49 15.5 Local Group[1] Isolated group member 3,000 ly
107 UGC 4879 (VV124)[61] IAm 4.18 1.283 −11.5[49] 13.2 Local Group Isolated group member 3,000 ly
108 Antlia Dwarf dE3.5[8] 4.28 1.31[49] −9.63[49] 16.19[1] Local Group[NB 3] May have interacted with NGC 3109[62] 3,000 ly
109 Sextans A (92205, DDO 75) IBm[8] 4.31[63] 1.32 −13.95[7] 11.86[8] Local Group[NB 3] Contains cluster of young hot blue stars 5,000 ly
110 NGC 3109 SB(s)m 4.338 1.35[62] −15.68[1] 10.39[1] Local Group[NB 3] Possibly spiral galaxy 25,000 ly
111 Antlia B 4.40 1.35[64] −9.7[64] 15.95[64][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of NGC 3109[64] 1,780 ly[64]
112 Andromeda XVIII[60] dSph[46] 3.960 1.214[46] −9.2[48] 16.2[48] Local Group 1,700[48] ≈ 1,200 ly
113 Sextans B (UGC 5373) IM IV-V[8] 4.44 1.37[49] −14.08[49] 11.85[8] Local Group[NB 3] One of the smallest galaxiess with planetary nebulae 6,000 ly
114 KKh 060 Irr 4.89 1.5[1] 18B[8]
115 KUG 1210+301B (KK98 127) S.. 4.89 1.5[1] 15.7[8] between LG and M94 Pair?
116 Leo P Irr 5.3 1.62[1] 18B[8] Local Group[NB 3]
117 HIZSS 003 dIrr 5.5 1.69[49] −12.60[49] 18B[8] Far below the SG plane Hidden by the Milky Way
118 IC 5152 IA(s)m[8] 5.87 1.74[49] −15.56[49] 11.06[8] Local Group ? Possible outlying member of Local Group 4,000 ly
119 NGC 300 SA(s)d[8] 6.07 1.86[65] −17.92[1] 8.95[8] between LG and Sculptor Group Closest spiral galaxy to Local Group
forms pair with NGC 55
94,000 ly
120 KKR 25 Irr 6.1 1.90[1] −9.94[49] 17.0[8] between LG and M81
121 ESO 410-G005 E3[8] 6.13 1.905[49] −11.60[49] 14.85[8] NGC 55 & 300 ≈ 2,500 ly
122 ESO 294-010 dS0/Im[8] 6.36[65] 1.96[49] −10.95[49] 15.6[8] NGC 55 & 300
123 NGC 55 SB(s)m[8] 6.5 2.00[49] −18.47[49] 8.84[1] between LG and Sculptor Group Forms pair with NGC 300 70,000 ly
124 KKs 3 dSph[66] 6.91 2.12[66] −12.3[66] 14.47[66] 4,900 ly[66]
125 KKR 03 (KK98 230) dIrr 6.98 2.14[49] −9.8 17.90[8] Inner edge of M94 Group 980 ly
126 UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018) IB(s)m pec:[8] 7.24 2.22[49] −12.92[49] 13.86[1] NGC 55 & 300
127 UGC 9128 (DDO 187) ImIV-V 7.3 2.24[49] −12.47[49] 14.38[8] Inner edge of M94 Group
128 IC 3104 IB(s)m 7.40 2.27[1] −14.85[49] 13.63[8] On the way to Circinus galaxy
129 GR 8 (DDO 155) ImV[8] 7.9 2.4[49] −12.14[49] 14.65[8] Inner edge of M94 Group "footprint galaxy"
130 IC 4662 (ESO 102-14) IBm 7.96 2.44[49] −15.56[49] 11.74[8] On the way to Circinus galaxy 7,000 ly
131 KKh 98 Irr 7.99 2.45[1] −10.78[1] 16.7[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
132 NGC 2403 SAB(s)cd HII 8.00 2.5[7] −19.29 8.93[8] Inner edge of M81 group 50,000 ly
133 UGC 8508 (I Zw 060) IAm 8.35[67] 2.69[49] −13.09[49] 14.40[8] M94 Group
134 KKh 086 Irr 8.51 2.60[49] −10.30[49] 16.8[8] Isolated (M94/Cent A)
135 DDO 99 (UGC 6817) Im 8.61 2.64[1]3.9[8] −13.52[49] 13.4[8] M94 Group
136 UGC 7577 (DDO 125) Im 8.94 2.74[49] −14.32[49] 12.84[8] M94 Group
137 UGC 9240 (DDO 190) IAm 9.10 2.80[49] −14.19[49] 13.25[8] M94 Group 15,000 ly
138 Dwingeloo 1 SB(s)cd 9.13 2.8[1] −18.78 19.8[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 35,000 ly
139 UGCA 276 (DDO 113) Im 9.32 2.86[1] 15.40[8] M94 Group
140 NGC 4214 (UGC 7278) IAB(s)m 9.58 2.94[1] 10.24[8] M94 Group Starburst galaxy
141 UGCA 86 SAB(s)m[68] 9.65 2.96[69] 13.5[8] IC 342/Maffei Group[68] 20,000 ly
142 NGC 4163 (NGC 4167) dIrr 9.65 2.96[69] 14.5[8] M94 Group 4,000 ly
143 Dwingeloo 2 Im? 9.78 3.0[1] −14.55[1] 20.5[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 20,000 ly
144 KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53) dE/N 9.78 3.0[1] −13.35[7] 16.2[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
145 KKH 12 Irr 9.78 3.0[1] −13.03 17.8[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
146 MB 3 dSph 9.78 3.0[1] −13.65[7] 19.8[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 10,000 ly
147 MB 1 (KK98 21) SAB(s)d? 9.78 3.0[1] −14.81[7] 20.5[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 5,000 ly
148 Maffei 1 S0- pec 9.78 3.0[1] −18.97[7] 11.4[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 55,000 ly
149 Maffei 2 SAB(rs)bc 9.8 3.005[1] −20.15[7] 14.77[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 60,000 ly
150 UGCA 92 Im?[8] 9.82 3.01[69] 13[8] IC 342/Maffei Group[68]
151 UGC 8651 (DDO 181) Im 9.82 3.01[1] 14.7[8] M94 Group
152 Donatiello I dSph 9.88 3.04[69] [8] Possible satellite of NGC 404
153 NGC 404 SA(s)0-:[8] 10.00 3.08[49] −16.61[49] 11.21[8] 'Mirach's Ghost'
154 ESO 274-01[70] SAd: 10.1 3.09 11.7 Centaurus A/M83 Group
155 UGCA 292 ImIV-V 10.11 3.1[1] 16.0[8] M94 Group
156 NGC 3741 ImIII/BCD 10.21[67] 3.13 14.3[8] M94 Group
157 KK98 35 Irr 10.31 3.16[1] −14.30 17.2[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
158 HIPASS J1247-77 Im 10.31 3.16[71] 17.B[8] Aligned with IC 3104
159 NGC 2366 IB(s)m 10.40[67] 3.19 11.43[8] M81 group
160 UGCA 133 (DDO 44) Im 10.40[67] 3.19 15.54[8] M81 group
161 ESO 321-014[70] IBm[8] 10.40[70] 3.19 15.16[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
162 UGC 8833 Im 10.41 3.19[1] 16.5[8] M94 Group
163 UGC 4483 dIrr 10.47[67] 3.21 15.2[8] M81 group
164 UGCA 105 Im? 10.63[67] 3.26 −16.81 13.9[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
165 IC 342 SAB(rs)cd[8] 10.70 3.28[1] −20.69[1] 9.37[1] IC 342/Maffei Group "the hidden galaxy" 75,000 ly
166 Cas 1 (KK98 19) dIrr 10.76 3.3[1] −16.70 16.38[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
167 Camelopardalis B Irr 10.80[67] 3.31 −11.85 16.1[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
168 UGCA 15 (DDO 6) IB(s)m 10.90 3.34[7] −12.50[7] 15.19[8] Sculptor group
169 NGC 5253 Im pec 10.90 3.53[7] 10.9 [8] Centaurus A/M83 Group Nearest Wolf-Rayet galaxy to us.
170 NGC 1569 (UGC 3056) IBm;Sbrst[8] 10.96 3.36[72] −18.17[1] 11.86[8] IC 342/Maffei Group[68] 6,000 ly
171 KKH 37 (Mai 16) S/Irr 11.06 3.39[71] 16.4[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
172 Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305) Im 11.06[67] 3.39 11.1[8] M81 group
173 NGC 5102 SA0- HII 11.09 3.40[1] −18.08.56 10.35[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
174 NGC 5237 I0?[8] 11.09 3.40;[70] 13.23[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
175 ESO 325-11 11.09 3.40;[70] 13.99[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
176 ESO 540-030 (KDG 2) IABm 11.10 3.40[7] −11.39 16.45[8] Sculptor group
177 NGC 247 SAB(s)d 11.1 3.4[7] −20.00 9.9[8] Sculptor group
178 FM2000 1 dSph? 11.15[67] 3.42 17.5[8] M81 group
179 ESO 540-032 IAB(s)m pec: 11.15 3.42[7] −11.32[7] 16.55[8] Sculptor group
180 NGC 1560 SA(s)d HII 11.25 3.45[1] −16.87[7] 12.16[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
181 ESO 383-087 (ISG 39) SB(s)dm 11.3 3.45[70] −15.16[1] 11.03[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
182 NGC 5206 SB0 11.3 3.47;[70] Centaurus A/M83 Group
183 KK98 77 dSph 11.35[67] 3.48 16.2[8] M81 group
184 KK 179 (ESO 269-37) IABm: 11.4 3.48[70] Centaurus A/M83 Group
185 Sculptor Galaxy
(NGC 253)
SAB(s)c 11.40[67] 3.49 8.0[8] Sculptor group 90,000 ly
186 DDO 71 Im 11.42[67] 3.50 18[8] M81 group
187 Messier 82 I0;Sbrst HII 11.42 3.53[7] −19.63[7] 9.30 [8] M81 group 37,000 ly, possibly up to 100,000 ly
188 M81 Dwarf A (KDG 52) I? 11.58[67] 3.55 −11.49[7] 16.5[8] M81 group
189 NGC 2976 SAc pec HII 11.61[67] 3.56 −17.1[7] 10.82[8] M81 group
190 UGC 4459 (DDO 53) Im 11.61[67] 3.56 −13.37[7] 14.48 [8] M81 group
191 NGC 4945 SB(s)cd:sp[8] 11.70[73] 3.59 −20.51[1] 9.3[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
192 Messier 81 SA(s)ab, LINER 11.74[67] 3.62 6.94[8] M81 group Brightest galaxy in M81 Group 90,000 ly
193 Centaurus N 12.3 3.77[74] −11.15[74] Centaurus A/M83 Group
194 NGC 4449 IBm 12.00[67] 3.71 10.00[8] M94 group 18,000 ly
195 Centaurus A S0 pec 12.01[67] 3.8 6.84[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group Brightest galaxy in Centaurus A Group and brightest and nearest radio galaxy 60,000 ly
#   Galaxy Type Dist from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership
Notes
Mly Mpc M m

See also

Notes

  1. Calculated from the distance modulus () and the absolute magnitude ()
  2. Calculated from the distance modulus () using the formula
  3. Galaxies of small Antlia-Sextans Group, which is considered as part of Local Group, but membership of it is uncertain.

References

  1. I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2004) A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies Refinements in distance measurements could change the order presented in this list.
  2. Earth is 8,122 ± 31 parsecs (26,490 ± 100 ly) or 0.0265 million light years from the galactic center (the center of the Milky Way). The distance of Earth from the galaxy which contains it is of course "zero"
  3. "Astronomers find nearest galaxy to the Milky Way" (Press release). University of Strasbourg. 4 November 2003. Archived from the original on 2008-05-27.
  4. Longeard, Nicolas; Martin, Nicolas; Starkenburg, Else; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Collins, Michelle L M.; Geha, Marla; Laevens, Benjamin P M.; Rich, R Michael; Aguado, David S.; Arentsen, Anke; Carlberg, Raymond G.; Côté, Patrick; Hill, Vanessa; Jablonka, Pascale; González Hernández, Jonay I.; Navarro, Julio F.; Sánchez-Janssen, Rubén; Tolstoy, Eline; Venn, Kim A.; Youakim, Kris (2018). "Pristine dwarf galaxy survey – I. A detailed photometric and spectroscopic study of the very metal-poor Draco II satellite". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 480 (2): 2609–2627. arXiv:1807.10655. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.480.2609L. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1986.
  5. Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Sand, David J.; Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Spekkens, Kristine; Caldwell, Nelson; Crnojević, Denija; Hughes, Allison K.; Willman, Beth; Zaritsky, Dennis (2018). "A Deeper Look at the New Milky Way Satellites: Sagittarius II, Reticulum II, Phoenix II, and Tucana III". The Astrophysical Journal. 863 (1): 25. arXiv:1804.08627. Bibcode:2018ApJ...863...25M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacd0e.
  6. Belokurov, V.; Zucker, D. B.; Evans, N. W.; Kleyna, J. T.; Koposov, S.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Irwin, M. J.; Gilmore, G.; Wilkinson, M. I.; Fellhauer, M.; Bramich, D. M.; Hewett, P. C.; Vidrih, S.; De Jong, J. T. A.; Smith, J. A.; Rix, H. ‐W.; Bell, E. F.; Wyse, R. F. G.; Newberg, H. J.; Mayeur, P. A.; Yanny, B.; Rockosi, C. M.; Gnedin, O. Y.; Schneider, D. P.; Beers, T. C.; Barentine, J. C.; Brewington, H.; Brinkmann, J.; Harvanek, M.; Kleinman, S. J. (2007). "Cats and Dogs, Hair and a Hero: A Quintet of New Milky Way Companions". The Astrophysical Journal. 654 (2): 897–906. arXiv:astro-ph/0608448. Bibcode:2007ApJ...654..897B. doi:10.1086/509718.
  7. I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
  8. "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Retrieved 2008.
  9. Koposov, Sergey E.; Walker, Matthew G.; Belokurov, Vasily; Casey, Andrew R.; Geringer-Sameth, Alex; MacKey, Dougal; Da Costa, Gary; Erkal, Denis; Jethwa, Prashin; Mateo, Mario; Olszewski, Edward W.; Bailey, John I. (2018). "Snake in the Clouds: A new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 479 (4): 5343. arXiv:1804.06430. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.479.5343K. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1772.
  10. Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D.; Pace, A. B.; Torrealba, G.; Kuehn, K.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Vivas, A. K.; Van Der Marel, R. P.; Wood, M.; Yanny, B.; Belokurov, V.; Jethwa, P.; Zucker, D. B.; Lewis, G.; Kron, R.; Nidever, D. L.; Sánchez-Conde, M. A.; Ji, A. P.; Conn, B. C.; James, D. J.; Martin, N. F.; Martinez-Delgado, D.; Noël, N. E. D.; MagLiteS Collaboration (2018). "Ships Passing in the Night: Spectroscopic Analysis of Two Ultra-faint Satellites in the Constellation Carina". The Astrophysical Journal. 857 (2): 145. arXiv:1802.06810. Bibcode:2018ApJ...857..145L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab666.
  11. Kallivayalil, Nitya; Sales, Laura V.; Zivick, Paul; Fritz, Tobias K.; Del Pino, Andrés; Sohn, Sangmo Tony; Besla, Gurtina; Van Der Marel, Roeland P.; Navarro, Julio F.; Sacchi, Elena (2018). "The Missing Satellites of the Magellanic Clouds? Gaia Proper Motions of the Recently Discovered Ultra-faint Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 867 (1): 19. arXiv:1805.01448. Bibcode:2018ApJ...867...19K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadfee.
  12. Belokurov, V.; Walker, M.G.; Evans, N.W.; et al. (2009). "Segue 2: A Prototype of the Population of Satellites of Satellites". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 397 (4): 1748–1755. arXiv:0903.0818. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.397.1748B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15106.x.
  13. Martin, Nicolas F.; de Jong, Jelte T. A.; Rix, Hans-Walter (September 2008). "A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites". The Astrophysical Journal. 684 (2): 1075–1092. arXiv:0805.2945. Bibcode:2008ApJ...684.1075M. doi:10.1086/590336.
  14. Musella, Ilaria; Ripepi, Vincenzo; Clementini, Gisella; et al. (2009). "Pulsating Variable Stars in the Coma Berenices Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 695 (1): L83–1L87. arXiv:0902.4230. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695L..83M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/L83.
  15. Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Allam, S.; Tucker, D. L.; Gruendl, R. A.; Johnson, M. D.; Walker, A. R.; James, D. J.; Nidever, D. L.; Olsen, K. A. G.; Wechsler, R. H.; Cioni, M. R. L.; Conn, B. C.; Kuehn, K.; Li, T. S.; Mao, Y. -Y.; Martin, N. F.; Neilsen, E.; Noel, N. E. D.; Pieres, A.; Simon, J. D.; Stringfellow, G. S.; Van Der Marel, R. P.; Yanny, B. (2016). "An Ultra-faint Galaxy Candidate Discovered in Early Data from the Magellanic Satellites Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 833 (1): L5. arXiv:1609.02148. Bibcode:2016ApJ...833L...5D. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/833/1/L5.
  16. Grillmair, C.J. (2009). "Four New Stellar Debris Streams in the Galactic Halo". The Astrophysical Journal. 693 (2): 1118–1127. arXiv:0811.3965. Bibcode:2009ApJ...693.1118G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1118.
  17. Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Grillmair, Carl J.; Muñoz, Ricardo R.; et al. (September 2009). "Kinematics and Metallicities in the Boötes III Stellar Overdensity: a Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 702 (1): L9–L13. arXiv:0907.3738. Bibcode:2009ApJ...702L...9C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/L9.
  18. Martínez-Vázquez, C. E.; Vivas, A. K.; Gurevich, M.; Walker, A. R.; McCarthy, M.; Pace, A. B.; Stringer, K. M.; Santiago, B.; Hounsell, R.; Macri, L.; Li, T. S.; Bechtol, K.; Riley, A. H.; Kim, A. G.; Simon, J. D.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Nadler, E. O.; Marshall, J. L.; Annis, J.; Avila, S.; Bertin, E.; Brooks, D.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Burke, D. L.; Rosell, A Carnero; Kind, M Carrasco; Da Costa, L. N.; De Vicente, J.; Desai, S.; et al. (2019). "Search for RR Lyrae stars in DES ultra-faint systems: Grus I, Kim 2, Phoenix II, and Grus II". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 490 (2): 2183. arXiv:1909.06308. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.490.2183M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2609.
  19. Walker, Matthew G.; Mateo, Mario; Olszewski, Edward W.; Koposov, Sergey; Belokurov, Vasily; Jethwa, Prashin; Nidever, David L.; Bonnivard, Vincent; Iii, John I. Bailey; Bell, Eric F.; Loebman, Sarah R. (2016). "Magellan/M2FS Spectroscopy of Tucana 2 and Grus 1". The Astrophysical Journal. 819 (1): 53. arXiv:1511.06296. Bibcode:2016ApJ...819...53W. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/53.
  20. Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
  21. Longeard, Nicolas; Martin, Nicolas; Starkenburg, Else; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Collins, Michelle L M.; Laevens, Benjamin P M.; MacKey, Dougal; Rich, R Michael; Aguado, David S.; Arentsen, Anke; Jablonka, Pascale; González Hernández, Jonay I.; Navarro, Julio F.; Sánchez-Janssen, Rubén (2020). "The Pristine Dwarf-Galaxy survey – II. In-depth observational study of the faint Milky Way satellite Sagittarius II". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 491 (1): 356–377. arXiv:1902.02780. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.491..356L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2854.
  22. Muñoz, Ricardo R.; Côté, Patrick; Santana, Felipe A.; Geha, Marla; Simon, Joshua D.; Oyarzún, Grecco A.; Stetson, Peter B.; Djorgovski, S. G. (2018). "A MegaCam Survey of Outer Halo Satellites. III. Photometric and Structural Parameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 860 (1): 66. Bibcode:2018ApJ...860...66M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac16b.
  23. Koposov, Sergey E.; Casey, Andrew R.; Belokurov, Vasily; Lewis, James R.; Gilmore, Gerard; Worley, Clare; Hourihane, Anna; Randich, S.; Bensby, T.; Bragaglia, A.; Bergemann, M.; Carraro, G.; Costado, M. T.; Flaccomio, E.; Francois, P.; Heiter, U.; Hill, V.; Jofre, P.; Lando, C.; Lanzafame, A. C.; Laverny, P. de; Monaco, L.; Morbidelli, L.; Sbordone, L.; Mikolaitis, Š.; Ryde, N. (2015). "Kinematics and Chemistry of Recently Discovered Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1 Dwarf Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 811 (1): 62. arXiv:1504.07916. Bibcode:2015ApJ...811...62K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/62.
  24. Boyer, Martha L; Skillman, Evan D; Van Loon, Jacco Th; Gehrz, Robert D; Woodward, Charles E (2009). "Aspitzerstudy of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars. Iii. Dust Production and Gas Return in Local Group Dwarf Irregular Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 697 (2): 1993–2014. arXiv:0903.3871. Bibcode:2009ApJ...697.1993B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1993.
  25. Watkins, L. L.; et al. (2009), "Substructure revealed by RR Lyraes in SDSS Stripe 82", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 398 (4): 1757–70, arXiv:0906.0498, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.398.1757W, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15242.x.
  26. Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Rykoff, E. S.; Luque, E.; Queiroz, A.; Mao, Y.-Y.; Wechsler, R. H.; Simon, J. D.; Santiago, B.; Yanny, B.; Balbinot, E.; Dodelson, S.; Neto, A. Fausti; James, D. J.; Li, T. S.; Maia, M. A. G.; Marshall, J. L.; Pieres, A.; Stringer, K.; Walker, A. R.; Abbott, T. M. C.; Abdalla, F. B.; Allam, S.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernstein, G. M.; Bertin, E.; Brooks, D.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Burke, D. L.; et al. (2015). "Eight Ultra-Faint Galaxy Candidates Discovered in Year Two of the Dark Energy Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 813 (2): 109. arXiv:1508.03622. Bibcode:2015ApJ...813..109D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/813/2/109.
  27. Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
  28. Torrealba, G.; Koposov, S. E.; Belokurov, V.; Irwin, M.; Collins, M.; Spencer, M.; Ibata, R.; Mateo, M.; Bonaca, A.; Jethwa, P. (2016). "At the survey limits: Discovery of the Aquarius 2 dwarf galaxy in the VST ATLAS and the SDSS data". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 463 (1): 712–722. arXiv:1605.05338. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.463..712T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2051.
  29. Koposov, Sergey E.; Belokurov, Vasily; Torrealba, Gabriel; Evans, N. Wyn (2015). "Beasts of the Southern Wild: Discovery of Nine Ultra Faint Satellites in the Vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds". The Astrophysical Journal. 805 (2): 130. arXiv:1503.02079. Bibcode:2015ApJ...805..130K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/130.
  30. Sand, David J.; Olszewski, Edward W.; Willman, Beth (2009). "The Star Formation History and Extended Structure of the Hercules Milky Way Satellite". The Astrophysical Journal. 704 (2): 898–914. arXiv:0906.4017. Bibcode:2009ApJ...704..898S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/704/2/898.
  31. Vivas, A. Katherina; Olsen, Knut; Blum, Robert; Nidever, David L.; Walker, Alistair R.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Besla, Gurtina; Gallart, Carme; Van Der Marel, Roeland P.; Majewski, Steven R.; Kaleida, Catherine C.; Muñoz, Ricardo R.; Saha, Abhijit; Conn, Blair C.; Jin, Shoko (2016). "Variable Stars in the Field of the Hydra II Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5): 118. arXiv:1510.05539. Bibcode:2016AJ....151..118V. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/118.
  32. Sand, David J.; Seth, Anil; Olszewski, Edward W.; et al. (2010). "A Deeper Look at Leo IV: Star Formation History and Extended Structure". The Astrophysical Journal. 718 (1): 530–42. arXiv:0911.5352. Bibcode:2010ApJ...718..530S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/530.
  33. de Jong, J. T. A.; Martin, N. F.; Rix, H. W.; Smith, K. W.; Jin, S.; Macciò, A. V. (2010). "The Enigmatic Pair of Dwarf Galaxies Leo Iv and Leo V: Coincidence or Common Origin?". The Astrophysical Journal. 710 (2): 1664–1671. arXiv:0912.3251. Bibcode:2010ApJ...710.1664D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1664.
  34. Sand, David J; Strader, Jay; Willman, Beth; Zaritsky, Dennis; McLeod, Brian; Caldwell, Nelson; Seth, Anil; Olszewski, Edward (2012). "Tidal Signatures in the Faintest Milky Way Satellites: The Detailed Properties of Leo V, Pisces II, and Canes Venatici II". The Astrophysical Journal. 756 (1): 79. arXiv:1111.6608. Bibcode:2012ApJ...756...79S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/79.
  35. Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Sand, David J.; Muñoz, Ricardo R.; Spekkens, Kristine; Willman, Beth; Crnojević, Denija; Forbes, Duncan A.; Hargis, Jonathan; Kirby, Evan; Peter, Annika H. G.; Romanowsky, Aaron J.; Strader, Jay (2017). "Deep Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Observations of Milky Way Satellites Columba I and Triangulum II". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (6): 267. arXiv:1710.06444. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..267C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa94d0.
  36. Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Okamoto, Sakurako; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Hayashi, Kohei; Arimoto, Nobuo; Carlsten, Scott G.; Lupton, Robert H.; Strauss, Michael A.; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Torrealba, Gabriel; Wang, Shiang-Yu; Murayama, Hitoshi (2019). "Boötes. IV. A new Milky Way satellite discovered in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey and implications for the missing satellite problem". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 71 (5): 94. arXiv:1906.07332. Bibcode:2019PASJ...71...94H. doi:10.1093/pasj/psz076.
  37. van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
  38. Kim, Dongwon; Jerjen, Helmut; Geha, Marla; Chiti, Anirudh; Milone, Antonino P.; Da Costa, Gary; MacKey, Dougal; Frebel, Anna; Conn, Blair (2016). "Portrait of a Dark Horse: A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Ultra-faint Milky Way Satellite Pegasus III". The Astrophysical Journal. 833 (1): 16. arXiv:1608.04934. Bibcode:2016ApJ...833...16K. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/833/1/16.
  39. Martin, N. F.; Coleman, M. G.; De Jong, J. T. A.; Rix, H. W.; Bell, E. F.; Sand, D. J.; Hill, J. M.; Thompson, D.; Burwitz, V.; Giallongo, E.; Ragazzoni, R.; Diolaiti, E.; Gasparo, F.; Grazian, A.; Pedichini, F.; Bechtold, J. (2008). "A Deep Large Binocular Telescope View of the Canes Venatici I Dwarf Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 672 (1): L13–L16. arXiv:0709.3365. Bibcode:2008ApJ...672L..13M. doi:10.1086/525559.
  40. Zucker, D. B.; Belokurov, V.; Evans, N. W.; Wilkinson, M. I.; Irwin, M. J.; Sivarani, T.; Hodgkin, S.; Bramich, D. M.; Irwin, J. M.; Gilmore, G.; Willman, B.; Vidrih, S.; Fellhauer, M.; Hewett, P. C.; Beers, T. C.; Bell, E. F.; Grebel, E. K.; Schneider, D. P.; Newberg, H. J.; Wyse, R. F. G.; Rockosi, C. M.; Yanny, B.; Lupton, R.; Smith, J. A.; Barentine, J. C.; Brewington, H.; Brinkmann, J.; Harvanek, M.; Kleinman, S. J.; Krzesinski, J. (2006). "A New Milky Way Dwarf Satellite in Canes Venatici". The Astrophysical Journal. 643 (2): L103. arXiv:astro-ph/0604354. Bibcode:2006ApJ...643L.103Z. doi:10.1086/505216.
  41. Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Okamoto, Sakurako; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Hayashi, Kohei; Arimoto, Nobuo; Garmilla, José A.; Lupton, Robert H.; Strauss, Michael A.; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Wang, Shiang-Yu; Murayama, Hitoshi (2018). "Searches for new Milky Way satellites from the first two years of data of the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey: Discovery of Cetus III". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 70: S18. arXiv:1704.05977. Bibcode:2018PASJ...70S..18H. doi:10.1093/pasj/psx050.
  42. Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Wang, M. Y.; García-Bellido, J.; Frieman, J.; Marshall, J. L.; James, D. J.; Strigari, L.; Pace, A. B.; Balbinot, E.; Zhang, Y.; Abbott, T. M. C.; Allam, S.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernstein, G. M.; Bertin, E.; Brooks, D.; Burke, D. L.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Kind, M. Carrasco; Carretero, J.; Cunha, C. E.; d'Andrea, C. B.; Costa, L. N. da; Depoy, D. L.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; et al. (2017). "Farthest Neighbor: The Distant Milky Way Satellite Eridanus II". The Astrophysical Journal. 838 (1): 8. arXiv:1611.05052. Bibcode:2017ApJ...838....8L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6113.
  43. Irwin; Belokurov; Evans; Ryan-Weber; de Jong; Koposov; Zucker; Hodgkin; et al. (2007). "Discovery of an Unusual Dwarf Galaxy in the Outskirts of the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal. 656 (1): L13–L16. arXiv:astro-ph/0701154. Bibcode:2007ApJ...656L..13I. doi:10.1086/512183.
  44. Skillman, Evan D.; Monelli, Matteo; Weisz, Daniel R.; Hidalgo, Sebastian L.; Aparicio, Antonio; Bernard, Edouard J.; Boylan-Kolchin, Michael; Cassisi, Santi; Cole, Andrew A.; Dolphin, Andrew E.; Ferguson, Henry C.; Gallart, Carme; Irwin, Mike J.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Martínez-Vázquez, Clara E.; Mayer, Lucio; McConnachie, Alan W.; McQuinn, Kristen B. W.; Navarro, Julio F.; Stetson, Peter B. (2017). "The ISLAndS Project. II. The Lifetime Star Formation Histories of Six Andomeda DSPHS". The Astrophysical Journal. 837 (2): 102. arXiv:1606.01207. Bibcode:2017ApJ...837..102S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa60c5.
  45. McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
  46. Collins, Michelle L. M.; Chapman, Scott C.; Rich, R. Michael; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Irwin, Michael J.; Bate, Nicholas F.; Lewis, Geraint F.; Peñarrubia, Jorge; Arimoto, Nobuo; Casey, Caitlin M.; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Koch, Andreas; McConnachie, Alan W.; Tanvir, Nial (2013). "A Kinematic Study of the Andromeda Dwarf Spheroidal System". The Astrophysical Journal. 768 (2): 172. arXiv:1302.6590. Bibcode:2013ApJ...768..172C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/172.
  47. Hodkinson, Ben; Scholtz, Jakub (2019). "Proper motions of the satellites of M31". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 488 (3): 3231. arXiv:1904.03192. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.488.3231H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1893.
  48. Martin, Nicolas F.; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Lewis, Geraint F.; McConnachie, Alan; Babul, Arif; Bate, Nicholas F.; Bernard, Edouard; Chapman, Scott C.; Collins, Michelle M. L.; Conn, Anthony R.; Crnojević, Denija; Fardal, Mark A.; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Irwin, Michael; MacKey, A. Dougal; McMonigal, Brendan; Navarro, Julio F.; Rich, R. Michael (2016). "The PAndAS View of the Andromeda Satellite System. II. Detailed Properties of 23 M31 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 833 (2): 167. arXiv:1610.01158. Bibcode:2016ApJ...833..167M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/167.
  49. Karachentsev; Kashibadze; Makarov; Tully (2009). "The Hubble flow around the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 393 (4): 1265. arXiv:0811.4610. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.393.1265K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14300.x.
  50. Tully, R. Brent; et al. (2013). "Cosmicflows-2: The Data". The Astronomical Journal. 146 (4): 86. arXiv:1307.7213. Bibcode:2013AJ....146...86T. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/86.
  51. Yang, S.-C; Sarajedini, A (2012). "HST/WFPC2 Imaging of the Dwarf Satellites And XI and And XIII : HB Morphology and RR Lyraes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 419 (2): 1362. arXiv:1109.2038. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.419.1362Y. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19792.x.
  52. Martin, Nicolas F.; Slater, Colin T.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Morganson, Eric; Rix, Hans-Walter; Bell, Eric F.; Laevens, Benjamin P. M.; Bernard, Edouard J.; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Burgett, William S.; Chambers, Kenneth C.; Hodapp, Klaus W.; Kaiser, Nicholas; Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter; Magnier, Eugene A.; Morgan, Jeffrey S.; Price, Paul A.; Tonry, John L.; Wainscoat, Richard J. (2013). "Lacerta I and Cassiopeia III. Two Luminous and Distant Andromeda Satellite Dwarf Galaxies Found in the 3π Pan-STARRS1 Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 772 (1): 15. arXiv:1305.5301. Bibcode:2013ApJ...772...15M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/772/1/15.
  53. Rhode, Katherine L.; Crnojević, Denija; Sand, David J.; Janowiecki, Steven; Young, Michael D.; Spekkens, Kristine (2017). "Structural and Photometric Properties of the Andromeda Satellite Dwarf Galaxy Lacerta I from Deep Imaging with WIYN pODI". The Astrophysical Journal. 836 (1): 137. arXiv:1701.08168. Bibcode:2017ApJ...836..137R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/137.
  54. Martin, Nicolas F.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Slater, Colin T.; Bernard, Edouard J.; Rix, Hans-Walter; Bell, Eric F.; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Laevens, Benjamin P. M.; Burgett, William S.; Chambers, Kenneth C.; Draper, Peter W.; Hodapp, Klaus W.; Kaiser, Nicholas; Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter; Magnier, Eugene A.; Metcalfe, Nigel; Morgan, Jeffrey S.; Price, Paul A.; Tonry, John L.; Wainscoat, Richard J.; Waters, Christopher (2013). "Perseus I: A Distant Satellite Dwarf Galaxy of Andromeda". The Astrophysical Journal. 779 (1): L10. arXiv:1310.4170. Bibcode:2013ApJ...779L..10M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/779/1/L10.
  55. Slater, Colin T.; Bell, Eric F.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Tollerud, Erik J.; Ho, Nhung (2015). "A Deep Study of the Dwarf Satellites Andromeda XXVIII and Andromeda XXIX". The Astrophysical Journal. 806 (2): 230. arXiv:1505.02161. Bibcode:2015ApJ...806..230S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/230.
  56. Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 — for details see
  57. Martin; McConnachie; Mike Irwin; Widrow; et al. (2009). "PAndAS' cubs: Discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 705 (1): 758–765. arXiv:0909.0399. Bibcode:2009ApJ...705..758M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/758.
  58. See
  59. Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Spheroidal satellite of M31:Photometry — for details see
  60. A Trio of New Local Group Galaxies with Extreme Properties, Alan W. McConnachie et al. 2008, ApJ 688 1009-1020, https://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3988
  61. Kopylov; Tikhonov; Sergey Fabrika; Igor Drozdovsky; et al. (2008). "VV124 (UGC4879): A new transitional dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 387 (1): L45–L49. arXiv:0803.1107. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.387L..45K. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00482.x.
  62. Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see
  63. Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
  64. Hargis, J. R.; Albers, S.; Crnojević, D.; Sand, D. J.; Weisz, D. R.; Carlin, J. L.; Spekkens, K.; Willman, B.; Peter, A. H. G.; Grillmair, C. J.; Dolphin, A. E. (2020). "Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Antlia B: Star Formation History and a New Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance". The Astrophysical Journal. 888 (1): 31. Bibcode:2020ApJ...888...31H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab58d2. hdl:10150/640977.
  65. Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003) Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
  66. Sharina, M. E; Shimansky, V. V; Kniazev, A. Y (2017). "Nuclei of dwarf spheroidal galaxies KKs 3 and ESO 269−66 and their counterparts in our Galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1955. arXiv:1706.07344. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1955S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1605.
  67. Karachentsev, I. D. et al.(2002)The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure
  68. see article at
  69. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/131/3/1361/205003.tb1.html
  70. http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/133/2/504
  71. http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/131/3/1361/
  72. Grocholski, A.J.; et al. (2012). "HST/ACS Photometry of Old Stars in NGC 1569: The Star Formation History of a Nearby Starburst". Astronomical Journal. 143 (5): 117–135. arXiv:1204.0989. Bibcode:2012AJ....143..117G. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/143/5/117.
  73. I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2002) New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group
  74. Crnojević, D.; Grebel, E. K.; Koch, A. (2010). "A close look at the Centaurus a group of galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 516: A85. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913429.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.