List of invasive species in Florida
Invasive species in Florida are introduced organisms that cause damage to the environment, human economy, or human health in Florida.[1] Native plants and animals can become threatened by from the spread of invasive species.
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The Burmese python is considered an invasive species in Florida
Animals
Mammals
- Brown rat[2]
- Black rat[3]
- Chital[4]
- Coypu (also known as nutria)
- House mouse[5]
- Domestic horse (feral)[6]
- Sus scrofa (wild boar)[7]
- Domestic cat (feral)[8]
- Red fox[9]
- Rhesus macaque[10]
Birds
- House sparrow (Passer domesticus)[11]
- Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)[12]
- Pigeon (Columba livia domestica)[13]
- Red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus)[14]
Reptiles
- Argentine black and white tegu (Tupinambis merianae)[15]
- Black spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis)[16]
- Brown anole (Anolis sagrei)[17]
- Burmese python (Python bivittatus)[18] see main article: Burmese pythons in Florida
- Common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)[19]
- Green iguana (Iguana iguana)[20]
- Mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus)[21]
- Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus)
- Red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)[22]
Amphibians
- Cane toad (Rhinella marina)[23]
- Common coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui)[24]
- Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis)[25]
- Greenhouse frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris)[26]
Fish
- African jewelfish (Hemichromis letourneuxi)[27]
- Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus)[28]
- Blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus)[29]
- Black acara (Cichlasoma bimaculatum)[30]
- Bullseye snakehead (Channa marulius)[31]
- Clown featherback (Chitala ornata)[32]
- Lionfish (Pterois miles & P. volitans)[33][34]
- Mayan cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmum)[35]
- Northern snakehead (Channa argus)[36]
- Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)[37]
- Pike killifish (Belonesox belizanus)[38]
- Spotted tilapia (Pelmatolapia mariae)[39]
- Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus)[40]
- Yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus)[41]
Invertebrates
- Metamasius callizona (Mexican bromeliad weevil)
- Euglossa dilemma (green orchid bee)
- Pomacea maculata (island applesnail)
- Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam)
- Lissachatina fulica (African giant land snail)
- Marisa cornuarietis (Colombian ramshorn apple snail)
- Melanoides tuberculata (Red-rimmed melania)
- Zachrysia provisoria (Cuban brown snail)
- Platydemus manokwari (New Guinea flatworm)
- Amynthas agrestis (Crazy worm)
- Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito)
- Aethina tumida (Small hive beetle)
- Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly)
- Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)
- Apis mellifera scutellata (African bee)
- Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Cycad aulacaspis scale)
- Cactoblastis cactorum (Cactus moth)
- Cerataphis lataniae (Palm aphid)
- Cnestus mutilatus (Camphor shot borer)
- Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite)
- Cryptotermes brevis (Powderpost termite)
- Culex quinquefasciatus (Southern house mosquito)
- Dinoderus minutus (Bamboo borer)
- Glycaspis brimblecombei (Red gum lerp psyllid)
- Harmonia axyridis (Harlequin ladybird)
- Hypogeococcus pungens (Cactus mealybug)
- Icerya purchasi (Cottony cushion scale)
- Leptocybe invasa (Blue gum chalcid wasp)
- Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)
- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Pink hibiscus mealybug)
- Opogona sacchari (Banana moth)
- Paratachardina pseudolobata (Lobate lac scale)
- Pheidole megacephala (Big-headed ant)
- Phenacoccus solenopsis (Cotton mealybug)
- Raoiella indica (Red palm mite)
- Solenopsis invicta (Red imported fire ant)
- Tapinoma melanocephalum (Ghost ant)
- Trichomyrmex destructor (Singapore ant)
- Wasmannia auropunctata (Electric ant)
- Xanthogaleruca luteola (Elm leaf beetle)
- Xyleborinus saxeseni (Fruit-tree pinhole borer)
- Xylosandrus compactus (Black twig borer)
- Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle)
- Bugula neritina (Brown bryozoan)
- Polyandrocarpa zorritensis
- Cordylophora caspia (Euryhaline hydroid)
- Tubastraea coccinea (Orange cup coral)
Plants
According to the non-governmental organisation FLEPPC, the invasive species of plant in 2019 are the following list. Compared to older lists, a number of species have been removed when it became more apparent that they were in fact native to Florida or that their impact was less severe than feared by the organisation, while three or four species have been added in the last decade or so, and two species were originally misidentified. There are many more exotic species in Florida which occur as ornamental garden plants or garden escapes. FLEPPC has no legal authority, this list is merely a recommendation.[42][43] In Florida, a number of plant species are declared invasive species by either state of federal legislature. Most of these are water plants which are not listed below.
- Abrus precatorius
- Acacia auriculiformis
- Albizia julibrissin
- Albizia lebbeck
- Ardisia crenata
- Ardisia elliptica
- Asparagus aethiopicus
- Bauhinia variegata
- Bischofia javanica
- Brachiaria mutica syn. Urochloa mutica
- Calophyllum antillanum - possibly native
- Casuarina equisetifolia
- Casuarina glauca
- Cinnamomum camphora
- Colocasia esculenta
- Colubrina asiatica
- Cupaniopsis anacardioides
- Deparia petersenii
- Dioscorea alata
- Dioscorea bulbifera
- Eichhornia crassipes
- Eugenia uniflora - possibly native
- Ficus microcarpa
- Hydrilla verticillata
- Hygrophila polysperma
- Hymenachne amplexicaulis
- Imperata cylindrica
- Ipomoea aquatica
- Jasminum dichotomum
- Jasminum fluminense
- Lantana strigocamara (traditionally misidentified as L. camara)
- Ligustrum lucidum
- Ligustrum sinense
- Lonicera japonica
- Ludwigia peruviana
- Lumnitzera racemosa
- Luziola subintegra
- Lygodium japonicum
- Lygodium microphyllum
- Macfadyena unguis-cati
- Manilkara zapota
- Melaleuca quinquenervia
- Melinis repens syn. Rhynchelytrum repens
- Microsorum grossum - previously misidentified as M. scolopendria
- Microstegium vimineum
- Mimosa pigra
- Nandina domestica
- Nephrolepis brownii
- Nephrolepis cordifolia
- Neyraudia reynaudiana
- Nymphoides cristata
- Paederia cruddasiana
- Paederia foetida
- Panicum repens
- Pennisetum purpureum
- Pistia - actually likely a native cryptogenic species, but listed as invasive[44][45]
- Psidium cattleianum
- Psidium guajava
- Pueraria montana var. lobata syn. P. lobata
- Rhodomyrtus tomentosa
- Ruellia simplex (syn. R. brittoniana, R. tweediana, R. caerulea, R. simplex)
- Salvinia minima
- Scaevola taccada
- Schefflera actinophylla
- Schinus terebinthifolius - possibly native
- Scleria lacustris
- Scleria microcarpa
- Senna pendula var. glabrata
- Solanum tampicense
- Solanum viarum
- Sporobolus jacquemontii
- Syngonium podophyllum
- Syzygium cumini
- Tectaria incisa
- Thelypteris opulenta
- Thespesia populnea - possibly native
- Tradescantia fluminensis
- Tradescantia spathacea
- Triadica sebifera syn. Sapium sebiferum
- Urena lobata
- Vitex rotundifolia
References
- "Florida's Exotic Fish and Wildlife". Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/46829
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/46831
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/89941
- https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/mammals/land/house-mouse/
- http://www.floridarambler.com/florida-bike-hike-trails/paynes-prairie-preserve-state-park-gainesville/
- https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/mammals/land/wild-hog/
- http://myfwc.com/media/1348637/Domestic_Cats_whitepaper.pdf
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/59487
- https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/mammals/monkeys/rhesus-macaque/
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/38975
- https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/birds/waterfowl/muscovy-duck/
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/87913
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/67471
- https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw340
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/86558
- "Brown anole". www.tsusinvasives.org. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/80353
- Krysko, Kenneth L; Enge, Kevin M; Donlan, Ellen M; Seitz, Jason C (2007), "Distribution, Natural History, and Impacts of the Introduced Green Iguana in Florida", Iguana: Conservation, Natural History, and Husbandry of Reptiles, International Reptile Conservation Foundation, 14 (3): 142–151
- https://ufwildlife.ifas.ufl.edu/InvaderUpdater/pdfs/InvaderUpdater_Summer2015.pdf
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/61560
- https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw345
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/84734
- https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw365
- http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/amphibians/greenhouse-frog/
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/114751
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/74114
- https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/freshwater/blue-tilapia/
- https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/freshwater/black-acara/
- https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/freshwater/bullseye-snakehead/
- https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/freshwater/clown-knifefish/
- http://www.flseagrant.org/healthycoasts/lionfish-invasive-species/
- https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=963
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/88479#tosummaryOfInvasiveness
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/89026
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/92671
- https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=843
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/109161
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/88681
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/95431
- "List of invasive plant species" (PDF). FLEPPC website (fleppc.org). Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. 2013.
- http://bugwoodcloud.org/CDN/fleppc/plantlists/2019/2019_Plant_List_ABSOLUTE_FINAL.pdf
- Evans, Jason M. (2013). "Pistia stratiotes L. in the Florida Peninsula: Biogeographic Evidence and Conservation Implications of Native Tenure for an ′Invasive′ Aquatic Plant". Conservation and Society. 11 (3): 233. doi:10.4103/0972-4923.121026. ISSN 0972-4923.
- "Invasive Species: Aquatic Species - Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)". National Invasive Species Information Center. National Agricultural Library, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
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