List of fastest computers
This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes computers and supercomputers which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built.
Year | Country of site | Vendor | Computer | Performance[a] | R | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1938 | ![]() |
Zuse | Z1 | 1.00 | IPS | [1] | |
1941 | Z3 | 20.00 | IPS | [2] | |||
1946 | ![]() |
University of Pennsylvania | ENIAC | 5.00 | kIPS | [3] | |
1951 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Whirlwind I | 20.00 | kIPS | [4] | ||
1958 | IBM | AN/FSQ-7 | 75.00 | kIPS | [5] | ||
1960 | ![]() |
7090 | 229.00 | kIPS | [6] | ||
UNIVAC | LARC | 250.00 | kIPS | [7] | |||
1961 | ![]() |
IBM | 7030 Stretch | 1.20 | MIPS | [8] | |
1962 | ![]() |
University of Manchester | Atlas | 1.00 | MFLOPS | [9] | |
1964 | ![]() |
CDC | 6600 | 3.00 | MFLOPS | [10] | |
1969 | 7600 | 36.00 | MFLOPS | [11] | |||
1974 | STAR-100 | 100.00 | MFLOPS | [12] | |||
1976 | Cray | Cray-1 | 160.00 | MFLOPS | [13] | ||
1983 | X-MP/4 | 713.00 | MFLOPS* | [14] | |||
1985 | ![]() |
Cray | Cray-2 | 1.41 | GFLOPS* | [15] | |
1988 | Y-MP/832 | 2.14 | GFLOPS* | [14] | |||
1990 | ![]() |
Fujitsu | VP2600/10 | 4.00 | GFLOPS* | [14] | |
1992 | NEC | SX-3/44 | 20.00 | GFLOPS* | [14] | ||
1993 | ![]() |
Thinking Machines |
CM-5/1024 | 59.70 | GFLOPS* | [16] | |
![]() |
Fujitsu | Numerical Wind Tunnel | 124.20 | GFLOPS* | [17] | ||
1994 | ![]() |
Intel | Paragon XP/S 140 | 143.40 | GFLOPS* | [18] | |
![]() |
Fujitsu | Numerical Wind Tunnel | 170.00 | GFLOPS* | [17] | ||
1996 | Hitachi | SR2201 | 232.40 | GFLOPS* | [19] | ||
CP-PACS | 368.20 | GFLOPS* | [20] | ||||
1997 | ![]() |
Intel | ASCI Red | 1.06 | TFLOPS* | [21] | |
2000 | IBM | ASCI White | 4.93 | TFLOPS* | [22] | ||
2001 | 7.20 | TFLOPS* | |||||
2002 | ![]() |
NEC | Earth Simulator | 35.86 | TFLOPS* | [23] | |
2004 | ![]() |
IBM | Blue Gene/L | 70.72 | TFLOPS* | [24] | |
2005 | 136.80 | TFLOPS* | |||||
280.60 | TFLOPS* | ||||||
2007 | 478.20 | TFLOPS* | |||||
2008 | ![]() |
IBM | Roadrunner | 1.02 | PFLOPS* | [25] | |
1.10 | PFLOPS* | ||||||
2009 | Cray | Jaguar | 1.75 | PFLOPS* | [26] | ||
2010 | ![]() |
National University of Defense Technology | Tianhe-1A | 2.57 | PFLOPS* | [27] | |
2011 | ![]() |
Fujitsu | K computer | 10.51 | PFLOPS* | [28] | |
2012 | ![]() |
IBM | Sequoia (Blue Gene/Q) | 16.32 | PFLOPS* | [29] | |
Cray | Titan | 17.59 | PFLOPS* | [30] | |||
2013 | ![]() |
National University of Defense Technology | Tianhe-2 | 33.86 | PFLOPS* | [31] | |
2016 | NRCPC | Sunway TaihuLight | 93.01 | PFLOPS* | [32] | ||
2018 | ![]() |
IBM | Summit | 122.30 | PFLOPS* | [33] | |
2019 | 148.60 | PFLOPS* | [34] | ||||
2020 | ![]() |
Fujitsu | Fugaku | 415.53 | PFLOPS* | [35] |
a. ^ An asterisk (*) denotes Rmax – the highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite.
See also
- History of supercomputing
- Timeline of instructions per second (IPS)
- TOP500#Systems ranked_No. 1 since 1976 (FLOPS)
References
- "History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Relays computer, Konrad Zuse". history-computer.com. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- Reinhardt, Helmut (1996). Automatisierungstechnik : theoretische und gerätetechnische Grundlagen, SPS (in German). Berlin: Springer. p. 241. ISBN 3-540-60626-2. OCLC 68764206.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
- Koerner, Brendan I. (2014-11-25). "How the World's First Computer Was Rescued From the Scrap Heap". Wired. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
- Everett, R. R. (1951). "The Whirlwind I computer". Papers and Discussions Presented at the December 10–12, 1951, Joint AIEE-IRE Computer Conference: Review of Electronic Digital Computers. ACM: 70–74. doi:10.1145/1434770.1434781. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- "IBM AN/FSQ-7". old-computers.com. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- "IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System". IBM. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
- "LARC Links". people.cs.clemson.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- Padua, David (2011). Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing. New York: Springer. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-387-09766-4. OCLC 772461594.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
- Lavington, Simon Hugh (1975). A History of Manchester Computers (2nd ed.). Swindon: British Computer Society. ISBN 978-1-902505-01-5. OCLC 156380308.
- Anthony, Sebastian (2012-04-10). "The history of supercomputers". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- Bell, Gordon. "CDC 7600". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- LARGE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NEW ARCHITECTURES, T. Bloch, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, November 1978
- "Company History". Cray. Archived from the original on 2014-07-12. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- "Frequently Asked Questions". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- "CRAY-2/4-512". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- "CM-5: Los Alamos National Lab". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Numerical Wind Tunnel: National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Intel XP/S 140 Paragon: Sandia National Labs". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Hitachi SR2201: University of Tokyo". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "CP-PACS: University of Tsukuba". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "ASCI Red: Sandia National Laboratory". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "ASCI White: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "The Earth Simulator: Earth Simulator Center". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "BlueGene/L: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Roadrunner: Los Alamos National Laboratory". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Jaguar: Oak ridge National Laboratory". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Tianhe-1A: National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "K Computer: RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Sequoia: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Titan: Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2) : National University of Defense Technology". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Sunway TaihuLight: National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Summit: DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
- "Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- "Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D". TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
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