Fugaku (supercomputer)

Fugaku (Japanese: 富岳) - is a supercomputer currently being installed at the RIKEN Center for Computational Science in Kobe, Japan. It started development in 2014 as the successor to the K computer, and it is scheduled to start operating in 2021,[2] although parts of the computer were put into operation in June 2020.[3]

Fugaku
ActiveFrom 2021
SponsorsMEXT
OperatorsRIKEN
LocationRIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS)
Architecture
Operating system
MemoryHBM2 32 GiB/node
Storage
  • 1.6 TB NVMe SSD/16 nodes (L1)
  • 150 PB Shared FS (L2)
  • Cloud storage services (L3)
Speed400+ PFLOPS (Peak DP)
Cost$1 billion (total programme cost)[1]
RankingTOP500: 1, June 2020
Web sitepostk-web.r-ccs.riken.jp
SourcesFugaku System Configuration
PRIMEHPC FX1000 (Fugaku node) at SC19

Hardware

The supercomputer is built with the Fujitsu A64FX microprocessor. This CPU is based on the ARM architecture version 8.2A, and adopts the Scalable Vector Extensions for supercomputers.[4] Fugaku was aimed to be about 100 times more powerful than the K computer (i.e. a performance target of 1 exaFLOPS) and have a high level of practicability in the world.[5][6] Fugaku uses 158,976 A64FX CPUs joined together using Fujitsu's propietary Tofu interconnect.[7]

The final reported performance of Fugaku is a Rpeak of 0.54 exaFLOPS in the FP64 used by the TOP500.[7]

Software

Fugaku will use a "light-weight multi-kernel operating system" named IHK/McKernel. The operating system uses both Linux and the McKernel light-weight kernel operating simultaneously and side-by-side. The infrastructure that both kernels run on is termed the Interface for Heterogeneous Kernels (IHK). The high performance simulations are run on McKernel, with Linux available for all other POSIX-compatible services.[8][9][10]

History

On May 23 2019 RIKEN announced that the supercomputer was to be named Fugaku.[11] In August 2019, the logo for Fugaku was unveiled which depicts Mount Fuji - it symbolises "Fugaku's high performance" and "the wide range of its users".[12][2] In November 2019 the prototype of Fugaku won first place in the Green500 list.[13][14] Shipment of the equipment racks to the RIKEN facility began on December 2, 2019[15] and was completed on May 13, 2020.[16] In June 2020 Fugaku became the fastest supercomputer in the world in the TOP500 list, displacing the IBM Summit.[7]

Comparison

Fugaku is the successor to the K computer, and it will be built at a cost of 130 billion yen to achieve a maximum of 100 times the performance of the K computer. The New York Times describes the cost of Fugaku which exceeds $1 billion, is an expensive expense compared to planned Exa-class supercomputer in the U.S. that exceeds the performance of the Fugaku supercomputer as up to $600 million. Horst Simon of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has also said that Fugake will not last long as the world's fastest supercomputer, given the Department of Energy supercomputers planned at Oak Ridge and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories and the Exa-class supercomputer being developed in China.[1]

Performance and Cost Comparison Chart
Name Start Year End Year Performance
（LINPACK
PFLOPS）		 Cost
（Million USD）		 TOP500 Ranking Vendor CPU OS
El Capitan 2023（Planned） - 2000（Planned） 600 - AMD AMD EPYC Linux
Frontier 2021（Planned） - 1500 (Planned) 600 - AMD, Nvidia AMD EPYC Linux
Aurora 2021（Planned） - 1000 (Planned) 600 - Intel Xeon Phi Linux
Fugaku2021（Planned）-4151213[17]June 2020 1stFujitsuA64FX(ARM)Linux(RedHat)
Summit2018-148300[18]June 2018 to November 2019 1st IBMPOWER9, NVIDIALinux(RedHat)
Sierra2018-94November 2018 to November 2019 2nd
Sunway TaihuLight2016-93280[19]June 2016 to November 2017 1st NRCPCSunway SW26010Linux(Raise)
K20112019101045[20]June 2011 - November 2011 1stFujitsuSPARC 64Linux

See also

References
  1. Clark, Don (22 June 2020). "Japanese Supercomputer Is Crowned World's Speediest". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  2. "スーパーコンピュータ「富岳」プロジェクト" (in Japanese). 理化学研究所. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
  3. "Supercomputer Fugaku, named after Mt. Fuji, makes its debut". The Asahi Shimbun. 2020-06-16. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  4. "ポスト「京」のCPUの仕様を公表" (in Japanese). 富士通. 2018-08-22. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
  5. "スパコン「京」後継機は「富岳」 計算性能100倍、21年稼働". 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). 2019-05-23. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
  6. "Fugaku Remakes Exascale Computing In Its Own Image". 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
  7. Cutress, Dr Ian (22 June 2020). "New #1 Supercomputer: Fujitsu's Fugaku and A64FX take Arm to the Top with 415 PetaFLOPs". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  8. "Outline of the Development of the Supercomputer Fugaku". RIKEN Center for Computational Science. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  9. "McKernel". RIKEN. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  10. mckernel on GitHub
  11. "ポスト「京」の名称 「富岳（ふがく）」に決定" (in Japanese). 理化学研究所. 2019-05-23. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
  12. "R-CCS announced the Fugaku logo | RIKEN Center for Computational Science RIKEN Website". www.r-ccs.riken.jp. RIKEN Center for Computational Science. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  13. "November 2019". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2019-11-20.
  14. "Fugaku prototype named greenest supercomputer". RIKEN. 2019-11-18. Retrieved 2019-11-20.
  15. "Fujitsu Begins Shipping Supercomputer Fugaku". Fujitsu. 2019-12-02. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  16. "Delivery of the Supercomputer Fugaku has been Completed". RIKEN Center for Computational Science. 2020-05-13. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  17. お値段1300億円のポスト「京」、IT業界は今度こそ生かせるか
  18. 3億2500万ドルスパコン「TOP500」、IBM製「Summit」で米が中国を抜き首位に返り咲き
  19. 開発費 約18億元 頂上極めた「富岳」の次の挑戦、日本が強い分野の開発に生かせるか
  20. 「２位じゃダメ」のスパコン京、見納め　６年超す長寿で
Records
Preceded by
IBM Summit
148.6 petaFLOPS		 World's most powerful supercomputer
0.54 exaFLOPS
June 2020 -		 Incumbent
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