List of countries with multiple capitals

Israel designates Jerusalem as its capital, and its government, parliament and Supreme Court are located in the city. However, as Jerusalem's political status has not reached a final settlement, most countries locate their embassy in Tel Aviv.[1] Tel Aviv and Jerusalem served as de facto joint capitals of Israel from May to December 1948. The State of Palestine also claims Jerusalem as its capital, but the current de facto seat of the internationally recognized Palestinian government is in Ramallah, while the seat of the Hamas-led government is in Gaza City.

In Germany, the highest judiciary organs (Federal Court of Justice and Federal Constitutional Court) are located in Karlsruhe, whereas the nation's political capital is Berlin. Some ministries are still mainly located in Bonn, the former West German capital, which is still called "federal city" (Bundesstadt).

The Honduran constitution statutes that Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela are both capitals in this country. However, all the branches of government are in Tegucigalpa. Comayagüela currently is part of Tegucigalpa Metropolitan Area.

In Peru, the Peruvian Constitution declares Cusco to be the "Historical Capital" (Spanish: Capital Histórica), a symbolic statement, because the national government continues to reside in Lima.

Republika Srpska, a sub-national entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, has a constitutional capital of Sarajevo, the same as the capital of the country, by the Dayton Accords; but in fact, their government is located in Banja Luka.

Cetinje is a historical, the traditional, and the secondary capital of Montenegro. The city's status is specifically recognized by the constitution. While the official residence of the President of Montenegro is located in the city, the rest of the government is in Podgorica.

Saint Petersburg, the former capital of the Russian Empire, is unofficially recognized as the Northern Russian capital. In 2009, the Constitutional Court of Russia moved from Moscow to Saint Petersburg, giving the latter city some of the expected functions of a capital.

While Manila is the official capital of the Philippines, the administrative and political centers of the Philippine government is spread across Metro Manila. The Malacañang Palace, the executive seat of the government and the Supreme Court building the judicial center are located in Manila proper while legislative branch hosted in two other cities in the metropolis the House of Representatives in Quezon City and the Senate in Pasay.[2]

Many nations that have maintained only one capital at any given time have, nevertheless, over time, conferred capital status on more than one city.

These current countries have had two cities that served as administrative capitals at the same time, for various reasons such as war, weather or partition. In some cases, the second capital is considered a temporary capital.

Country	Years	Capitals	Details
Republic of China	1937–1945	Nanjing	Capital of Japanese-controlled puppet state
		Chongqing	Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-controlled Republic of China
	1945–1991	Nanjing	Administrative, legislative, and judicial capital (claimed between the 1949 evacuation and the 1992 Consensus)
		Taipei	Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China in Taiwan
Georgia	2012–2018	Tbilisi	Official and administrative capital
		Kutaisi	Seat of parliament
GermanyA	1990–1999	Berlin	Official capital
		Bonn	Seat of government
North Korea	1948–1972	Pyongyang	Seat of administration[3]
		Seoul	Official and constitutional de jure capital[3]
British India	1858–1947	Calcutta (1858–1911)	Winter capital
		Delhi (1911–1947)
		Simla	Summer capital
Laos	1947–1975	Vientiane	Administrative capital
		Luang Prabang	Royal capital
Libya	1951–1969	Tripoli	One of two official capitals of the Kingdom of Libya
		Benghazi
Malawi	1974–1994	Lilongwe	Administrative and judiciary capital
		Zomba	Legislative capital
Norway	1940	Oslo	Official capital
		Hamar	Temporarily one-day capital that seated the parliament[4]
Philippines	1948–1976	Quezon City	Official capital
		Manila	De facto seat of government
	1901–1976	Baguio	Summer capital (still known as summer capital, outside of political use)
Serbia and Montenegro	2003–2006	Belgrade	Administrative and legislative
		Podgorica	Judicial

^A Bonn was capital of West Germany before. With the German reunification Berlin became capital of the united Germany, the government moved to Berlin 9 years later.

• List of historical capitals of China
• List of national capitals
• List of former national capitals
• List of purpose-built national capitals
• List of countries whose capital is not their largest city