List of common 3D test models

This is a list of models and meshes commonly used in 3D computer graphics for testing and demonstrating rendering algorithms and visual effects. Their use is important for comparing results, similarly to the way standard test images are used in image processing.

Models by year of creation
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Model name Year of creation Creator Origin Model size Creation method Inspiration Comments
Catmull's hand 1972 Edwin Catmull University of Utah 350 triangles Hand measured Used in the 1976 Hollywood science fiction film Futureworld
Utah VW Bug[1] 1972 Ivan Sutherland University of Utah Measured by hand Volkswagen Beetle belonging to Ivan Sutherland's wife, Marsha Real car, measured by hand using yardsticks
Utah teapot 1975 Martin Newell University of Utah Modeled Melitta teapot Also called the "Newell teapot"
Cornell box 1984 Cindy M. Goral, Kenneth E. Torrance, Donald P. Greenberg, Bennett Battaile Cornell University Modeled Scene includes multiple models and light source. Many versions exist, but only one of them is considered the standard Cornell box.
Stanford bunny 1993-94[2] Greg Turk, Marc Levoy Stanford University 69,451 triangles[2] Scanned Clay bunny[3]
Happy Buddha 1996[4] Brian Curless, Marc Levoy[4] Stanford University 1,087,474 triangles
543,524 vertices		 Scanned Budai statuette[5]
Stanford dragon 1996[2] Stanford University 1,132,830 triangles Scanned Chinese dragon.
Armadillo 1996[2] Stanford University 345,944 triangles Scanned Armadillo toy.
Suzanne 2002 Willem-Paul van Overbruggen Blender (software) 500 faces Modeled Orangutan from the movie Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back Chimpanzee head for Blender[6]
Phlegmatic Dragon[7] 2007 Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Technical University in Prague Eurographics 2007 conference 667,214 faces (original)
480,076 faces (smoothed)		 Scanned
Stanford Lucy Stanford University 28,055,742 triangles
14,027,872 vertices		 Scanned[8] Scanned model of Christian angel
Asian Dragon Stanford University 7,218,906 triangles
3,609,455 vertices		 Scanned A different Chinese dragon.
Thai Statue Stanford University 19,400,000 vertices, 38,800,000 triangles (original)
5,000,000 vertices, 10,000,000 triangles (provided)		 Scanned Scanned model of Thai statue
David[9][10] Stanford University ~1 billion polygons Scanned[8] Michelangelo's 5-meter statue of David Only available to established scholars and for non-commercial use only.[10]
Fertility 2009 AIM@SHAPE Repository (scanned at Utrecht University) 241,607 vertices
483,226 triangles		 Scanned Small statue with two joined figures. Laser scanned from a stone sculpture.
Spot 2012 Keenan Crane The California Institute of Technology 2,930 vertices
5,856 triangles		 Modeled A spotted cow with Catmull-Clark control mesh, quadrangulation, triangulation, vector texture, and bitmap texture. All meshes are manifold, genus-0 embeddings.
Wooden Elk Toy 2000 Hans-Peter Seidel Max-Planck-Institut fuer Informatik, Computer Graphics Group Photogrammetry Often used as an example of a non-trivial object with high genus.
Bust of Max Planck 2001 Hans-Peter Seidel Max-Planck-Institut fuer Informatik, Computer Graphics Group Scanned
Crytek Sponza 2010 Frank Meinl Crytek 262,267 triangles
184,330 vertices[11]		 Modeled[11] The collonaded atrium of the Sponza Palace in Dubrovnik[11] Used for demonstrating global illumination techniques[12][13][14][15]
3DBenchy 2015 Creative Tools Specifically designed for testing the accuracy and capabilities of 3D printers
The Other Nefertiti 2015 Nora Al-Badri and Jan Nikolai Nelles ~2 million triangles Scanned Nefertiti bust The bust of the Egyptian queen Nefertiti. The mesh was scanned by Nora Al-Badri and Jan Nikolai Nelles from the Nefertiti bust, which was created in 1345 BC by Thutmose.
UBC-UP Toy Horse 2019 Enrique Rosales, Jafet Rodriguez and Alla Sheffer University of British Columbia and Universidad Panamericana 61,479 vertices, 80,754 faces (original "ribbon" version)
20,821 vertices, 41,562 faces (reconstructed)		 Drawn in virtual reality using "ribbons" Created using Google Tilt Brush, the paper is available on ACM.

See also

References
  1. Robert McDermot (2003). "Robert Remembers: the VW Bug" (PDF). Retrieved 17 Dec 2015.
  2. "The Stanford 3D Scanning Repository". Stanford University. 22 Dec 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  3. Greg Turk (2000). "The Stanford Bunny". Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  4. "Happy Buddha". Stanford University. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  5. Brian Curless and Marc Levoy (February 10, 1997). "Computer model and 3D fax of Happy Buddha". Stanford University. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  6. by clicking Add → Mesh → Monkey
  7. "EG 2007 Phlegmatic Dragon". Eurographics 2007. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  8. Levoy, Marc (November 27, 1998). "The Stanford Large Statue Scanner". Stanford University. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  9. Levoy, Marc (August 11, 2009). "The Digital Michelangelo Project". Stanford University. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  10. Levoy, Marc (August 19, 2014). "The Digital Michelangelo Project Archive of 3D Models". Stanford University. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  11. Morgan McGuire. "McGuire Computer Graphics Archive".
  12. Jennifer O'Connor (1 July 2010). Mastering mental ray: Rendering Techniques for 3D and CAD Professionals. John Wiley & Sons. p. 175. ISBN 0470563850. The Sponza Palaze atrium scene has become a classic demonstration model for indirect illumination techniques in a wide variety of applications
  13. Robert McMillan (24 September 2014). "Nvidia Proves We Walked on the Moon—Not That It Needed To". Wired. It cooked up a demo using a standard graphics simulation called the Sponza Atrium, a computer-generated stroll through a renaissance-style hallway.
  14. Matt Pharr; Greg Humphreys (26 August 2010). Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 493. ISBN 0123750792.
  15. Jaroslav Krivanek; Pascal Gautron (2009). Practical Global Illumination with Irradiance Caching. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 85. ISBN 1598296442.
  16. This is a physical reproduction made by rapid prototyping.
Standard test models
Other repositories
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