List of avant-garde films before 1930

A list of avant-garde and experimental films made before 1930. Though some had dedicated music scores written for them, or were synchronized to records, nearly all of these films were silent. Several of them involve color, through tinting, hand-painting or even photographic color.

TitleDirectorCastCountrySubgenre/Notes
1900
A Nymph of the WavesFrederick S. ArmitageCathrina BartoUnited StatesEarly use of optical printing[1]
1901
The Ghost TrainFrederick S. ArmitageUnited StatesUse of overprinting; section shown in negative[2][3]
Star TheatreFrederick S. ArmitageUnited Statesa.k.a. "Building Up and Demolishing the Star Theatre." Single-frame, time-lapse subject[4][5]
1903
Le cake-walk infernalGeorges MélièsFranceGhostly, in-camera superimpositions[6]
Down the HudsonFrederick S. Armitage, A.E. WeedUnited StatesSingle-frame, time-lapse travel actually "up" the Hudson River[7][8]
1905
Interior NY Subway, 14th Street to 42nd StreetBilly BitzerUnited StatesShot from front of subway car, largely abstract[9][10]
1906
The '?' Motorist Walter R. Booth United Kingdom Short, experimental animation in the style of Georges Méliés. Produced by R. W. Paul.
1907
Les Kiriki - Acrobates JaponaisesSegundo de ChomónFranceExceptional trick film, shot from the ceiling facing downward[11]
1908
FantasmagorieÉmile CohlFranceEarly animation, reflective of the pre-modernist movement of the Incoherents[12]
1910
The Hasher's DeleriumÉmile CohlFranceEarly animation; representation of a hallucination[13]
1911
The Automatic Moving CompanyRomeo Bosetti and/or Émile CohlFranceOften attributed to Émile Cohl; recent scholarship points toward Bosetti.[14][15]
A Chord of ColorBruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna ItalyAbstract animation, Lost film[16]
Study on the Effects of Four ColorsBruno Corra, Arnaldo GinnaItalyAbstract animation, Lost film[17]
Translation of Mallarmé's poem "Flowers" into ColorsBruno Corra, Arnaldo GinnaItalyAbstract animation, Lost film[18]
Translation of Mendelssohn's Spring SongBruno Corra, Arnaldo GinnaItalyAbstract animation, Lost film[19]
1912
The DanceBruno Corra, Arnaldo GinnaItalyAbstract animation, Lost film[20][21]
The RainbowBruno Corra, Arnaldo GinnaItalyAbstract animation, Lost film[22][23]
1913
Rythmes colorés (Coloured Rhythm)Leopold SurvageFranceAbstract animation; ca. 105 drawings made but not filmed[24][25][26]
Suspense Phillips Smalley, Lois Weber Valentine Paul, Lois Weber United States Contains early examples of split-screen and a car chase.
1914
Drama in the Futurist's Cabinet No. 13Vladimir KasyanovMikhail Larionov, Natalia Goncharova, David BurliukRussiaLost film[27][28]
1915
La folie du Docteur TubeAbel GanceAlbert DieudonnéFranceArchaic trick film, shot through Anamorphic lens[29][30]
The HypocritesLois WeberCourtenay Foote, Myrtle StedmanUnited StatesAllegorical and highly symbolic religious picture; nude principal character[31]
The Picture of Dorian GrayVsevolod Meyerhold, Mikhail DoroninVavara Yanova, Vsevolod MeyerholdRussiaAdaptation of Oscar Wilde story by symbolist theater director; Lost film[32][33]
1916
Diana the HuntressCharles W. Allen, Francis Trevelyan MillerLionel Braham, Percy RichardsUnited StatesHighly stylized mythic film; fragment only[34][35]
IntoleranceD.W. GriffithLillian Gish, Robert HarronUnited StatesInfluential film which attempts to tell four stories at once; extensive use of montage[36]
The Strong ManVsevolod MeyerholdMikhail Doronin, Vsevolod MeyerholdRussiaAdaptation of Stanisław Przybyszewski play by symbolist theater director; Lost film[37][38]
1917
ThaïsAnton Giulio BragagliaThaïs GalizskyItalyItalian Futurist film; incomplete print extant.[39][40]
Vita futuristaArnaldo GinnaFilippo Marinetti, Giacomo BallaItalyItalian futurist film; Lost film[41][42]
1918
Âmes des fousGermaine DulacSylvio de Pedrelli, Ève FrancisFranceSerial which incorporated avant-garde techniques; lost film.[43][44]
The Blue BirdMaurice TourneurTula Belle, Robin MacdougallUnited StatesStylized, almost surrealistic, fantasy film[45]
Nye dlya deneg radivshisya (Born Not for the Money)Nikandr TurkinVladimir Mayakovsky, David BurliukSoviet UnionRussian futurist adaptation of Jack London story[46] Lost film[47]
Il Perfido IncantoAnton Giulio BragagliaRenée Avril, Thaïs GalizskyItalyLost Italian Futurist film.[48][49]
PrunellaMaurice TourneurIsabel Berwin, Jules RaucourtUnited StatesStylized, almost surrealistic, fantasy film; only a 30-minute fragment extant[50][51]
The Young Lady and the Hooligan Vladimir Mayakovsky,Yevgeni Slavinsky Fyodor Dunayev, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Aleksandra Rebikova Soviet UnionThe only surviving film appearance by arch-Russian futurist Vladimir Mayakovsky[52]
1919
The Fall of BabylonD.W. GriffithConstance Talmadge, Alfred PagetUnited StatesEdited from Intolerance, widely influential in Europe; introduced 'Russian montage' to Russia[53]
Rose-FranceMarcel L'HerbierClaude-France Aïssé, Jacque CatelainFranceSymbolic romance[54]
1920
Anywhere Out of the WorldDudley MurphyChase HarringdineUnited StatesDance film, Lost film[55]
AphroditeDudley MurphyKatharine HawleyUnited StatesDance film, Lost film[56][57]
The Cabinet of Dr. CaligariRobert WieneConrad Veidt, Lil DagoverWeimar RepublicExpressionist horror film, greatly influential on avant-garde filmmakers, particularly in the United States[58]
La Fête espagnoleGermaine DulacÈve Francis, Gaston ModotFranceFirst film written by Louis Delluc[59][60]
From Morn to Midnight Karlheinz Martin Ernst Deutsch Weimar Republic Adaptation of Expressionist play, only film made by theatre director Martin; barred from German cinemas at the time[61]
GenuineRobert WieneFern Andra, Hans Heinrich von TwardowskiWeimar RepublicParticularly extreme example of Expressionism[62]
Nude Woman by WaterfallClaude Friese-GreeneUnited KingdomDance film.[63]
Le silenceLouis DellucÈve Francis, Gabriel SignoretFranceNaturalist, experimental short[64]

[65][66]

The Soul of the CypressDudley MurphyChase HarringdineUnited StatesDance film[67][68]
1921
El DoradoMarcel L'HerbierÈve Francis, Jacque CatelainFranceMelodrama, highly stylized sets and use of montage[69]
FièvreLouis DellucÈve Francis, Gaston ModotFranceNaturalist melodrama[70][71]
ManhattaPaul Strand, Charles SheelerUnited StatesFirst City film[72][73]
Opus 1Walter RuttmannWeimar RepublicAbstract Animation[74]
Opus 2Walter RuttmannWeimar RepublicAbstract Animation[75]
Rhythmus 21Hans RichterWeimar RepublicAbstract animation. Backdated by Richter, not actually completed or screened in 1921.[76]
1922
Danse macabreDudley MurphyAdolph Bolm, Ruth PageUnited StatesDance film[77][78]
The Enchanted CityWarren NewcombeUnited StatesArt heavy futurist short[79][80]
La femme de nulle partLouis DellucÈve Francis, Gine AvrilFranceNaturalist melodrama[81][82]
Der SiegerWalter RuttmannWeimar RepublicSemi-abstract advertising film[83]
1923
Cœur fidèleJean EpsteinLéon Mathot, Gina ManèsFranceNaturalist melodrama, experimental sequence; cited in Curtis[84][85]
Dnevnik Glumova (Glumov's Diary)Sergei EisensteinGrigori Alexandrov, Sergei EisensteinSoviet UnionFilmed inserts for The Wise Man, a production of the Moscow Proletkult Central Theater; issued as part of Kino Pravda No. 16[86][87]
L'ironie du DestinDimitri KirsanoffDimitri Kirsanoff, Nadia SibirskaïaFranceNaturalist melodrama; Lost film[88][89]
The Man Without DesireAdrian BrunelIvor NovelloUnited KingdomFantasy, cited by Rotha[90]
La mort du soleilGermaine DulacAndré Nox, Denis LorysFranceSocial drama, experimental techniques[91][92]
Le Retour à la RaisonMan RayAlice Prin (Kiki de Montparnasse)FranceInsert film for a Dadist soirée[93]
La roueAbel GanceSéverin-Mars, Ivy CloseFranceLengthy melodrama utilizing extensive segments of "Russian montage"[94][95]
La Souriante Madame BeudetGermaine DulacGermaine Dermoz, Alexandre ArquillièreFranceSocial drama, experimental techniques. Considered one of the first feminist films.[96][97] Premiered 9 November 1923.[98]
Paris qui dortRené ClairHenri Rollan, Charles MartinelliFranceSurrealist comedy with science-fiction angle[99][100]
Rhythmus 23Hans RichterWeimar RepublicAbstract animation. Several scholars have shown that Richter likely backdated his film; this was probably made at least several years later.[101]
SaloméCharles R. BryantAlla Nazimova, Mitchell LewisUnited StatesArt Nouveau rendering of biblical story based on Aubrey Beardsley[102][103]
Sea of DreamsWarren NewcombeHazel LindsleyUnited StatesFuturistic fantasy; Lost film[104][105]
1924
The Adventures of OktyabrinaGrigori Kozintsev, Leonid TraubergZinaida Torkhovskaya, Yevgeni KumeikoSoviet UnionFirst production of FEKS; lost film[106]
Aelita: Queen of Mars Iakov Protazanov Igor Ilyinsky, Mikhail Zharov Soviet UnionScience-fiction film with Constructivist and Futurist sets.[107]
Ballet MécaniqueFernand Léger, Dudley MurphyAlice PrinFranceCubist film, with music score by George Antheil[108][109]
Entr'acteRené ClairAlice Prin, Francis Picabia, Erik Satie, Man Ray, Marcel DuchampFranceDadaist insert film for Erik Satie's ballet Relâche[110][111]
The Fugitive FuturistGaston QuiribetUnited KingdomComedy featuring "melting" wipe effect; futuristic projections on travel[112]
L'InhumaineMarcel L'HerbierGeorgette Leblanc, Jacque CatelainFranceHighly stylized science fiction feature[113][114]
Interplanetary Revolution Nikolai Khodotaev, Zenon Komisarenko, Yuri Merkolov Soviet Union Satire of Protazanov's Aelita: Queen of Mars
Kino-Eye Dziga Vertov Soviet Union
Opus IIIWalter RuttmannWeimar RepublicAbstract animation[115]
Au secours!Abel GanceMax Linder, Jean TouloutFranceHorror-comedy, highly experimental in style[116][117]
Symphonie DiagonaleViking EggelingSwedenAbstract animation; in production from 1921.
Soviet ToysDziga VertovSoviet UnionSatirical animation and advertising[118]
1925
Les aventures de Robert MacaireJean EpsteinJean Angelo, Alex AllinFranceFantasy serial, cited in Rotha[119]
Battleship PotemkinSergei EisensteinAleksandr Antonov, Grigori AlexandrovSoviet Union"Odessa Steps" sequence is a textbook example of Russian montage[120]
La fille de l'eauJean RenoirCatherine Hessling, Pierre ChampagneFranceNaturalist drama, surrealist influenced[121][122]
Jean Cocteau fait du cinémaJean CocteauJean CocteauFrance16mm short, Lost film[123][124]
KIPHOJulius Pinschewer, Guido SeeberWeimar RepublicTrailer for International Film Congress of Berlin, 1925[125][126]
Lebende BuddhasPaul WegenerPaul Wegener, Asta NielsenWeimar RepublicFragment only; fragment is more experimental than Expressionist[127]
Opus IVWalter RuttmannWeimar RepublicAbstract animation[128]
The Pottery MakerRobert J. FlahertyUnited StatesSemi-documentary, experimental in style[129][130]
A Quoi revent les jeunes films?Henri Chomette, Man RayFranceLost film. Made as a collaboration between Chomette and Ray; later sub-divided into three different films.[131][132]
Rebus Film Nr. 1Paul LeniWeimar RepublicSemi-abstract filmed puzzle, part of a series of eight films[133][134]
Rhythmus 25Hans RichterWeimar RepublicAbstract animation; Lost film[135]
Strike Sergei Eisenstein Soviet Union
StromlinienOskar FischingerWeimar RepublicAbstract animation[136]
The WayFrancis BrugièreSebastian Droste, Rosalinde FullerUnited StatesUnrealized project, dated by Rotha to 1923 and often dated to 1929; 1925 is correct[137]
1926
Anémic cinémaMarcel DuchampFranceDadaist semi-animated film[138]
Cinq minutes de cinéma purHenri ChometteFranceExtract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films?[139][140]
Jeux des reflets et de la vitesseHenri ChometteFranceExtract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films?[141]
MénilmontantDimitri KirsanoffFranceUrban realist melodrama[142][143]
FilmstudieHans RichterWeimar RepublicMerger between abstract animation and photographic abstraction[144]
MoonlandNeil McGuire, William A. O'ConnorMickey McBanUnited StatesFantasy short, surrealist sets & situations[145][146]
MotherVsevolod PudovkinVera Baranovskaya, Nikolai BatalovSoviet UnionGripping social realist drama, heavy use of montage[147]
A Page of MadnessTeinosuke KinugasaMasuo Inoue, Yoshie NakagawaJapanSurreal, intense representation of insanity using highly advanced film techniques.[148]
Raumlichtkunst seriesOskar FischingerWeimar RepublicAbstract animation; multiple projector performances. Reconstructed 2012 by CVM in HD as a three projector installation.[149]
Rien que les heursAlberto CavalcantiBlanche Bernis, Nina ChousvalowaFranceCity film[150]
Secrets of a Soul G. W. Pabst Werner Krauss, Ruth Weyher Weimar Republic Co-written with psychoanalysts Karl Abraham and Hanns Sachs, with dream sequence and sets by Ernő Metzner.
A Sixth Part of the World Dziga Vertov Soviet Union
SpiralsOskar FischingerWeimar RepublicAbstract Animation; incorporates footage made several years earlier[151]
Le voyage imaginaireRené ClairDolly Davis, Jean BõrlinFranceFantasy film with surrealist elements[152][153]
Wax ExperimentsOskar FischingerWeimar RepublicAbstract Animation; incorporates footage going back to c. 1921[154]
1927
Bed and Sofa Abram Room Nikolai Batalov, Vladimir Fogel, Lyudmila Semyonova Soviet Union Written by Viktor Shklovsky
Berlin: Symphony of a Great CityWalter RuttmannWeimar RepublicCity film
City FilmRalph SteinerUnited StatesAmateur City film[155]
Combat de Boxe Charles Dekeukeleire Belgium Staging of boxing match, based on poem by Paul Werrie
Emak-BakiaMan RayAlice PrinFranceExtract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films?[156]
The End of St. PetersburgVsevolod Pudovkin, Mikhail DollerAleksandr Chistyakov, Vera BaranovskayaSoviet UnionHistoric epic[157]
La Glace à trois faces (The Three-Sided Mirror)Jean EpsteinRaymond Guérin-Catelain, Jeanne HelblingFranceAvant-garde projection of a narrative romance.[158]
Les Halles centralesBoris KaufmanFranceCity film[159]
L'invitation au voyageGermaine DulacEmma Gynt, Raymond DubreuilFranceImpressionistic "Cinéma pur"[160]
Die LandpartieAlex StrasserWeimar RepublicAnimated "grotesque"[161]
Loony LensAl BrickUnited StatesAnamorphic views; insert series to Fox Movietone newsreels, begun 1924, only 4 known,[162][163]
La marche des machinesEugène DeslawFranceSemi-abstract art film of machinery; filmed by Boris Kaufman[164]
München-Berlin WanderungOskar FischingerWeimar RepublicPhotographic single-frame film. Not released until decades later.[165]
NapoléonAbel GanceAlbert Dieudonné, Antonin ArtaudFranceEnormous historic epic, experimental techniques and multi-screen[166]
Magic UmbrellaJerome HillUnited StatesGenre parody, filmed in Rome; color and sound added in 1965[167]
OrgelstabeOskar FischingerWeimar RepublicAbstract animation; series of experiments made over several years.[168]
La p'tite LiliAlberto CavalcantiCatherine Hessling, Jean RenoirFranceNaturalist short, street film[169]
PreludeCastleton KnightUnited KingdomExperimental projection of Edgar Allan Poe's The Premature Burial, conventionally framed.[170]
En radeAlberto CavalcantiPierre Batcheff, Blanche BernisFranceUrban realist melodrama[171][172]
Seelische KonstruktionenOskar FischingerWeimar RepublicAbstract animation.[173]
Sur un air de CharlestonJean RenoirCatherine Hessling, Johnny HudginsFranceSilly, surrealist dance short with sci-fi elements[174]
Le train sans yeuxAlberto CavalcantiHans Mierendorff, Gina ManèsFranceWritten by Louis Delluc[175]
Vieux châteauxEugène DeslawZet MolanFranceArtful semi-documentary[176]
Wing Beat Kenneth MacPherson United Kingdom
Your Acquaintance Lev Kuleshov Pyotr Galadzhev, Aleksandra Khokhlova, Yuri Vasilchikov Soviet Union Art direction by Aleksandr Rodchenko. Only a fragment survives.
1928
L'ArgentMarcel L'HerbierBrigitte Helm, Alfred AbelFranceExperimental, modernized treatment of Zola novel[177]
Blue BottlesIvor MontaguElsa Lanchester, Joe BeckettUnited KingdomHybrid of experimental style and slapstick comedy[178][179]
De Brug (The Bridge)Joris IvensNetherlands
Celles qui s'en fontGermaine DulacFranceVisualization of music[180]
La chute de la maison UsherJean EpsteinJean Debucourt, Marguerite GanceFranceHorror, highly stylized[181]
Disque 957Germaine DulacFranceVisualization of music[182][183]
The Eleventh Year Dziga Vertov Soviet Union
L'Étoile de merMan RayAlice PrinFranceSurrealist film financed by Charles De Noailles; written by Robert Desnos
Ghosts Before BreakfastHans RichterWeimar RepublicDadaist fantasy[184]
Grotesken im SchneeAlex Strasser, Lotte ReinigerWeimar RepublicAnimated "grotesque" with sillouhettes[185]
HändeStella Simon, Miklós BandyWeimar RepublicStylized love story utilizing only hands; made in silent and sound versions[186][187]
InflationHans RichterWeimar RepublicMontage made for the feature Der Dame mit der Maske (1928).[188] Visual abstraction on the subject of runaway inflation in Weimar-era Germany.
ImpatienceCharles DekeukeleireYvonne SelmaBelgiumPhotographic abstract film[189]
In the Shadow of the Machine Albrecht Viktor Blum, Leo Lania Weimar Republic Montage made of footage shot by Dziga Vertov for A Sixth Part of the World
Johann the Coffin MakerRobert FloreyUnited StatesHorror short, Lost film[190]
JûjiroTeinosuke KinugasaAkiko Chihaya, Junosuke BandoJapanExpressionistic treatment of Samurai story[191]
The Last MomentPaul FejosOtto Matieson, Lucille La VerneUnited StatesIndependently-made, experimental feature; Lost film[192]
The Life and Death of 9413 - A Hollywood ExtraRobert Florey, Slavko VorkapichJules Raucourt, George VoyaUnited StatesUltra low budget anti-Hollywood film[193][194][195]
The Love of ZeroRobert FloreyAnielka Elter, Captain Marco ElterUnited States[196][197]
Les nuits électriquesEugène DeslawFranceSemi-abstract art film of neon signs[198]
October, a.k.a. Ten Days That Shook the WorldSergei EisensteinNikolay Popov, Vasily NikandrovSoviet UnionContains Eisenstein's most radical uses of montage[199]
Le petite marchande d'alumettesJean Renoir, Jean TedescoCatherine Hessling, Eric BarclayFranceFantasy short with surrealist elements[200][201]
Praha v zári svetel (Prague Shining in Lights)Svatopluk InnemannCzechoslovakiaCity film[202]
RennsymphonieHans RichterWeimar Republic
The Seashell and the ClergymanGermaine DulacAlex Allin, Genica AthanasiouFranceSurrealist dream film written by Antonin Artaud. Often dated to 1927, but premiered in Paris, 9 February 1928.[203]
The Tell-Tale HeartCharles KleinCharles Darvas, Hans FuerbergUnited StatesHorror short[204][205]
Thèmes et VariationsGermaine DulacFranceVisualization of music[206][207]
There It IsCharles BowersCharles Bowers, Kathryn McGuireUnited StatesTwo reel comedy, absurd in the extreme[208]
Twenty-Four Dollar IslandRobert J. FlahertyUnited StatesCity film, variously dated to 1926, 1927. Premiered in NYC, 1 January 1928[209][210]
ÜberfallErnő MetznerWeimar Republic
The Fall of the House of UsherJames Sibley Watson, Melville WebberUnited StatesShort film
Koko's Earth ControlDave Fleischer, Max FleischerKoko the ClownUnited StatesAnimated cartoon with exceptional visual dynamism; flash frames[211]
ZvenigoraOleksandr DovzhenkoMikola Nademsky, Semen Svashenko, Alexander PodorozhnySoviet UnionFilm poem with fantasy elements[212]
1929
Alles dreht sich, alles bewegt sich (Everything Turns, Everything Revolves)Hans RichterWeimar RepublicSound; music by Walter Gronostay. Only roughly half of this 15-minute experimental short still survives.[213]
Arsenal Oleksandr Dovzhenko Amvrosy Buchma, Georgiy Kharkiv, Semyon Svashenko Soviet Union
The BridgeCharles VidorNicholas Bela, Charles DarvasUnited StatesExperimental narrative film based on Ambrose Bierce story, also known as The Spy; sometimes dated 1930-31[214]
Brumes d'automneDimitri KirsanoffNadia SibirskaïaFranceFilm poem, with synchronized music track[215][216]
Dr Turner's Mental Home Dora Carrington, Beakus Penrose United Kingdom Short, experimental melodrama. Not publicly screened.
DriftersJohn GriersonUnited KingdomDocumentary with a distinctly modernist orientation[217][218]
Étude cinégraphique sur une arabesqueGermaine DulacFranceVisualization of music[219][220]
Every DayHans RichterSergei Eisenstein, Basil WrightUnited KingdomArtful semi-documentary about everyday life[221]
H2ORalph SteinerUnited States
Histoire de détectiveCharles DekeukeleirePierre BourgeoisBelgiumSemi-abstract film; despite the title, not a detective story[222]
Images d'Ostende Henri Storck Belgium
Impressionen vom alten Marseiller Hafen (Vieux Port)László Moholy-NagyWeimar RepublicCity film[223]
LullabyBoris DeutschRiva Deutsch, Michael VisaroffUnited StatesExpressionist drama, likely incomplete; Horak dates it to 1925[224][225]
Man with a Movie CameraDziga VertovSoviet Union
Monkey's Moon Kenneth MacPherson
MontparnasseEugène DeslawLuis Buñuel, Filippo MarinettiFranceCity film, with synchronized sound[226]
My GrandmotherKote MikaberidzeAleksandr Takaishvili, Bella ChernovaGeorgiaEccentric combination of avant-garde and social comedy[227]
Les Mystères du Château de DéMan RayMan Ray, Georges AuricFranceSurrealist short funded by Charles De Noailles[228]
The New BabylonGrigori Kozintsev, Leonid TraubergDavid Gutman, Yelena KuzminaSoviet UnionProduction of the Factory of the Eccentric Actor[229][230]
La PerleHenri D'UrselGeorges Hugnet, Kissa Kouprine, Renee Savoye, Mary StutzBelgiumExperimental narrative film.[231]
Pour vos beaux yeux Henri Storck Belgium
RainJoris Ivens, Mannus FrankenNetherlands
Skyscraper SymphonyRobert FloreyUnited StatesCity film[232][233]
The Storming of La SarrazHans Richter, Sergei Eisenstein, Ivor MontaguBéla Balász, Léon MoussinacWeimar RepublicMade during a film conference; Lost film[234]
Studie Nr. 1Oskar FischingerWeimar RepublicAbstract animation.[235]
TusalavaLen LyeNew ZealandAbstract animation[236][237]
Un Chien AndalouLuis BuñuelPierre Batcheff, Simone MareuilFranceShort surrealist film written by Buñuel and Salvador Dalí[238]
War Under the SeaM.G. MacPherson, Jean MichelsonUnited StatesArtkino production; Lost film[239]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

See also
  • Cinéma pur

References
  • Paul Rotha and Roger Manvell, "Movie Parade: A Pictorial Survey of the Cinema" London: The Studio, 1936
  • Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film" Princeton University Press, 1983 (originally published in 1960)
  • Parker Tyler, "Underground Film: A Critical History" New York: Da Capo Press, 1995 (originally published in 1969)
  • David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" New York: Universe Books, 1970
  • P. Adams Sitney, "Visionary Film" New York: Oxford University Press, 1979
  • Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919–1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9
  1. A Nymph of the Waves
  2. The Ghost Train
  3. Unseen Cinema DVD Notes
  4. Library of Congress
  5. Bruce Posner, Unseen Cinema: Early American Avant-Garde Film 1893-1941, Black Thistle Press/Anthology Film Archives 2001
  6. imdb entry
  7. Unseen Cinema DVD Notes http://unseen-cinema.com/
  8. Scenic Hudson
  9. MoMA Collection entry
  10. imdb entry
  11. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. Film: Ab Initio imdb entry
  13. "1910 - an Animated Masterpiece - the Hasher's Delirium - Emile Cohl". 9 September 2010.
  14. imdb entry
  15. "The Automatic Moving Company".
  16. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
  17. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
  18. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
  19. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
  20. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
  21. Raphaël Bassan, "Cinema and Abstraction: From Bruno Corra to Hugo Verlinde"
  22. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
  23. Raphaël Bassan, "Cinema and Abstraction: From Bruno Corra to Hugo Verlinde"
  24. Moma entry
  25. Standish D. Lawder, "The Cubist Cinema." New York University Press Anthology Film Archives series, 1975, ISBN 0814749577
  26. Bruce Checefsky's digital realization of 12 drawings
  27. Nitrateville Thread, "The Drama in the Futurists Cabinet No. 13 (1914)"
  28. Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film," Allen and Unwin, NYC 1960
  29. imdb entry
  30. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  31. imdb entry
  32. imdb entry
  33. Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film," Allen and Unwin, NYC 1960
  34. imdb entry
  35. Silent Beauties
  36. imdb entry
  37. imdb entry
  38. Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film," Allen and Unwin, NYC 1960
  39. imdb entry
  40. Thaïs
  41. "Love Story of the Painter Balla and a Chair"
  42. imdb entry
  43. Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, "Wome Film Directors: An International Bio-Critical Dictionary. Greenwood Press, Westport CT 1995, pg. 116 imdb entry
  44. Sandy Flitterman-Lewis, "To Desire Differently: Feminism and the French Cinema. University of Illinois Press, Chicago, 1990
  45. imdb entry
  46. imdb entry
  47. Petrić, Vlada. Constructivism in Film: The Man With the Movie Camera:A Cinematic Analysis. Cambridge University Press. 1987. Page 32. ISBN 0-521-32174-3
  48. imdb entry
  49. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  50. Pordenone screening
  51. "Prunella (1918)".
  52. Petrić, Vlada. Constructivism in Film: The Man With the Movie Camera:A Cinematic Analysis. Cambridge University Press. 1987. Page 32. ISBN 0-521-32174-3
  53. imdb entry
  54. imdb entry
  55. Susan Delson, "Dudley Murphy: Hollywood Wild Card" University of Minnesota Press, 2006
  56. Paghat the Ratgirl, Review "Soul of the Cypress"
  57. William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. "On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950" University of California Press, 2005
  58. imdb entry
  59. [imdb entry https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0232643/combined]
  60. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  61. "From Morning to Midnight (Web Exclusive)". Cineaste Magazine. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  62. imdb entry
  63. BFI clip
  64. imdb entry
  65. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  66. Richard Abel, "French Cinema: The First Wave 1915-1929," Princeton University Press, 1984
  67. Unseen Cinema: Viva la Dance
  68. imdb entry
  69. imdb entry
  70. imdb entry
  71. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  72. imdb entry
  73. Manhatta
  74. imdb entry
  75. imdb entry
  76. Lucarelli, Fosco (30 July 2014), Rhythmus 21, an Early Abstract Film by Hans Richter
  77. imdb entry
  78. Unseen Cinema DVD Notes
  79. imdb entry
  80. William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950 University of California Press, 2005
  81. imdb entry
  82. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  83. imdb entry
  84. imdb entry
  85. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  86. Phil Cavendish, "From 'Lost' to 'Found': The 'Rediscovery' of Sergei Eisenstein's Glumov's Diary and its avant-garde context." KinoKultura Issue 41, 2013
  87. James Goodwin, Eisenstein, Cinema and History. University of Illinois Press, 1993
  88. imdb entry
  89. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  90. BFI Screenonline
  91. imdb entry
  92. Twisted Ladder essay
  93. Films de France entry
  94. imdb entry
  95. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
  96. imdb entry
  97. Brain Pickings Post
  98. Allocine entry
  99. imdb entry
  100. McGill essay
  101. Jannon Stein, "Abstract Films from the 1920s: Making Rhythm Visible"
  102. John Coulthart, "Alla Nazimova's Salome"
  103. imdb entry
  104. imdb entry
  105. William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. "On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950" University of California Press, 2005
  106. Vselovod Pudovkin -- "The Youth of Maxim," Izvestiya, 17 December 1934; reprinted in Ian Christie, Richard Taylor -- "The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents 1896-1939," Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon 2002, ppg. 339
  107. https://web.archive.org/web/20050404105213/http://www.ce-review.org/00/1/kinoeye1_horton.html
  108. MOMA dadabase entry
  109. Standish D. Lawder, "The Cubist Cinema." New York University Press Anthology Film Archives series, 1975, ISBN 0814749577
  110. SUNY Notes
  111. imdb entry
  112. BFI Films YouTube Channel
  113. imdb entry
  114. SFBG "Gleaming the Cubist"
  115. imdb entry
  116. The Devil's Manor: Au secours! 1923
  117. imdb entry
  118. Illusion of Movement, "Soviet Toys"
  119. imdb entry
  120. imdb entry
  121. imdb entry
  122. Digital Silents review
  123. Ciné-club: Jean Cocteau
  124. imdb entry
  125. imdb entry
  126. Malte Hagener, "Moving Forward, Looking Back: The European Avant-Garde and the Invention of Film Culture, 1919-1999" Amsterdam University Press, 2007
  127. imdb entry
  128. imdb entry
  129. imdb entry
  130. Antti Alanen: Film Diary
  131. First Light: Chomette
  132. imdb entry
  133. imdb entry
  134. Kino Lorber: Avant-Garde 2
  135. Senses of Cinema: Hans Richter
  136. [Moritz, William. Optical Poetry. Fischinger filmography]
  137. Strange Flowers blog
  138. DADA Companion entry
  139. imdb entry
  140. First Light: Chomette
  141. imdb entry
  142. Santiago Rubin de Celis, "The Paradoxes of Dimitri Kirsanoff"
  143. imdb entry
  144. Marco Milone, "Hans Richter -- Filmstudie" on Experimental Cinema
  145. imdb entry
  146. Unseen Cinema program
  147. imdb entry
  148. Open Culture: A Page of Madness: The Lost, Avant Garde Masterpiece from the Early Days of Japanese Cinema (1926)
  149. "CVM - Raumlichtkunst".
  150. imdb entry
  151. [Moritz, William. Optical Poetry. Fischinger Filmography]
  152. imdb entry
  153. The Film Till Now: A Survey of World Cinema, with an additional section by Richard Griffith, revised and enlarged edition, (London: Vision, 1949)
  154. [Moritz, William. Optical Poetry. Fischinger Filmography]
  155. Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9
  156. imdb entry
  157. imdb entry
  158. Senses of Cinema, "La Glace à trois faces," http://sensesofcinema.com/2006/cteq/glace-a-trois-faces/
  159. "Les Halles centrales (1927)".
  160. Sabzian, "Double Bill: L'invitation au voyage (Germaine Dulac, 1927) & Paris qui dort (René Clair, 1924)"
  161. Cinegraph FilmDokumente 107
  162. Unseen Cinema program
  163. Silent Era review, Unseen Cinema
  164. "Vieux châteaux (1927)".
  165. [Moritz, William. Optical Poetry, Fischinger Filmography]
  166. imdb entry
  167. The Jerome Foundation
  168. [Moritz, William. Optical Poetry. Fischinger Filmography]
  169. imdb entry
  170. BFI youtube channel
  171. imdb entry
  172. Santiago Rubin de Celis, "The Paradoxes of Dimitri Kirsanoff"
  173. [Moritz, William. Optical Poetry, Fischinger Filmography]
  174. imdb entry
  175. imdb entry
  176. "Vieux châteaux (1927)".
  177. imdb entry
  178. BFI Screenonline
  179. imdb entry
  180. imdb entry
  181. imdb entry
  182. imdb entry
  183. Light Cone entry
  184. imdb entry
  185. Cinegraph FilmDokumente 107
  186. imdb entry
  187. Unseen Cinema DVD notes
  188. DIF entry
  189. imdb entry
  190. imdb entry
  191. [imdb entry https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0019043/combined]
  192. imdb entry
  193. imdb entry
  194. Forgotten Classics of Yesteryear Page
  195. Jan Christopher Horak, ed. Lovers of Cinema: The First American Avant-Garde, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1995
  196. imdb entry
  197. Unseen Cinema DVD notes
  198. "Les nuits électriques (1928)".
  199. imdb entry
  200. imdb entry
  201. The Art and Culture of the Movies blog
  202. Bohemian National Hall program
  203. Maryann de Julio, "Another Look at Germaine Dulac’s The Seashell and the Clergyman." Senses of Cinema, December 2013
  204. Jennifer Baldwin, "The Tell-Tale Lens"
  205. imdb entry
  206. imdb entry
  207. Light Cone entry
  208. imdb entry
  209. imdb entry
  210. Ferdy on Film
  211. imdb entry
  212. Wonders in the Dark blog
  213. entry at lost-films.eu
  214. imdb entry
  215. Santiago Rubin de Celis, "The Paradoxes of Dimitri Kirsanoff"
  216. imdb entry https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0233385/combined
  217. BFI Screenonline
  218. imdb entry
  219. imdb entry
  220. Light Cone entry
  221. BFI Screenonline
  222. imdb entry
  223. imdb entry
  224. imdb entry
  225. William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. "On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950" University of California Press, 2005
  226. "Montparnasse (1929)".
  227. imdb entry
  228. imdb entry
  229. imdb entry
  231. "La perle".
  232. imdb entry
  233. DVD More Treasures from the American Film Arcbives
  234. imdb entry
  235. [Moritz, William. Optical Poetry. Fischinger Filmography]
  236. BFI Screenonline
  237. imdb entry
  238. imdb entry
  239. Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9
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