List of Shia dynasties
North Africa and Europe
- Idrisid dynasty (788–985 CE) — Zaidi[1]
- Fatimid Caliphate (909–1171 CE) — Ismaili
- Banu Kanz (1004–1412 CE)[2] — Ismaili
- Zirid dynasty (973–1148 CE)[3] — Ismaili
- Hammudid dynasty (1016–1073 AD) — Zaidi[4]
- Kalbids (948–1053) — Ismaili
Iran and Caucasus
- Justanids (791–974 CE) — Zaidi
- Alavids (864–929 CE) — Zaidi
- Aishanids (912–961 CE)
- Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043 CE)
- Buyid dynasty (934–1062 CE) — Zaidi, later converted to Twelver[5]
- Hasanwayhid (959–1015 CE)
- Kakuyids (1008–1051 CE)
- Nizari Ismaili state (1090–1256 CE) — Nizari
- Sarbadars (1332–1386 CE) — Twelver[6]
- Injuids (1335–1357 CE) — Twelver[6]
- Marashiyan (1359–1582 CE)
- Kara Koyunlu (1375–1468 CE)
- Ilkhanate (1304–1335 CE)
- Musha'sha'iyyah dynasty (1436–1729 CE) — Musha'sha
- Safavid dynasty (1501–1736 CE) — Twelver[7]
- Baku Khanate (1753–1806 CE)
- Erivan Khanate (1604–1828 CE)
- Derbent Khanate (1747–1806 CE)
- Ganja Khanate (1747–1804 CE)
- Talysh Khanate (1747–1828 CE)
- Nakhichevan Khanate (1747–1813 CE)
- Karabakh Khanate (1747–1822 CE)
- Javad Khanate (1747-1805 CE)
- Zand dynasty (1750–1794 CE)
- Qajar dynasty (1785–1925 CE)
- Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979 CE)
Arabian Peninsula
Hijaz
- Sharifate of Mecca - Zaidi (converted to Sunnism in the Ottoman period)[8]
- Emirate of Medina - Twelver (converted to Sunnism in the Ottoman period)
Yemen
- Banu Ukhaidhir (865–1066 CE) — Zaidi
- Rassids (897–1970 CE) — Zaidi
- Sulayhid dynasty (1047–1138 CE) — Ismaili[9]
- Sulaymanids – Ismaili
- Hamdanids (Yemen) – Ismaili
- Zurayids - Ismaili
- Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1926–1970 AD) — Zaidi
Bahrain
- Qarmatians (900–1073 CE) — Qarmatians
- Uyunid dynasty (1073-1253 CE) — Twelver[10]
- Usfurids (1253–1320 CE) — Twelver[10]
- Jarwanid dynasty (1305–1487 CE)[11] — Ismaili and Twelver[12]
- Jabrids (15/16th century) — Twelver[13]
Syria and Iraq
- Hamdanid dynasty (890–1004 CE)
- Bani Assad (961–1163 CE) (central and southern Iraq)
- Numayrids (990–1081 CE) (eastern Syria and southeastern Turkey)
- Marwanids (990–1085 CE)
- Uqaylid Dynasty (990–1169 CE)
- Mirdasids (1024–1080 CE)
Indian subcontinent
- Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527 CE)
- Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)
- Bidar Sultanate (1489–1619 CE)
- Berar Sultanate (1490–1572 CE)
- Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1490–1636 CE)
- Chak dynasty (1554-1586 CE)[14]
- Qutb Shahi dynasty (1512–1687 CE)
- Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)
- Najm-i-Sani dynasty (1658–1949 CE)
- Nawab of Rampur (1719–1949 CE)
- Nawabs of Oudh (1722–1858 CE)
- Nawabs of Bengal (1757–1880 CE)
- Nawabs of Sylhet (1499–1968 CE)
- Talpur dynasty (1783–1843 CE)[15]
- Hunza (princely state) (1500s–1974 CE)
- Nagar (princely state) (14th Century–1974 CE)
Anatolia
- Beylik of Erzincan (1379–1410 CE)
Southeast Asia
East Africa
- Kilwa Sultanate (957–1506 CE).[17]
- Onthanusi Sultanate[18]
References
- Ibn Abī Zarʻ al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh (1340), Rawḍ al-Qirṭās: Anīs al-Muṭrib bi-Rawd al-Qirṭās fī Akhbār Mulūk al-Maghrib wa-Tārīkh Madīnat Fās, ar-Rabāṭ: Dār al-Manṣūr (published 1972), p. 38
- Ignác Goldziher & Bernard Lewis, Introduction to Islamic theology and law, Princeton University Press (1981), p. 218
- James Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 24, Kessinger Publishing (2003), p. 844
- Abd Ar Rahman ibn Khaldun (translated by Franz Rosenthal), The Muqaddimah, Chap III : On dynasties, royal authority, the caliphate, government ranks, and all that goes with these things, on http://www.muslimphilosophy.com
- شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الأول, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.420
- As a vassal state, due to political conflict with the Fatimids, in around 1048 the dynasty changed alliagance to the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate and the ruling elite switched from Shia (Zaydi or Ismaili) Islam to Sunnism. See Idris H. Roger, L'invasion hilālienne et ses conséquences, in : Cahiers de civilisation médiévale (43), Jul.-Sep. 1968, pp.353-369. and Berry, LaVerle. "Fatamids". Libya: A Country Study. Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- "Al-Humaydi and Peter Scales (1994: 94-95) seem to be ignorant of the Zaydiyya, whose outward practice appears Sunni. Possibly, Al-Humaydi and Scales have conflated Shi'ite with Imamiyyah and are in fact refuting their projection of the Hammudids." Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen (Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shi‘ites). 2005
- Berkey, Jonathan (2003). The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58813-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link), p. 135
- Newman, Andrew J. Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722. Edinburgh University Press, Nov 20, 2013.
- RM Savory, Safavids, Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed.
- http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shiites-in-arabia
- Contemporary Yemen: politics and historical background, By B. R. Pridham, pg.14
- Yitzhak Nakash, Reaching for Power:The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World, (Princeton University Press, 2006), 22.
- http://www.alwasatnews.com/data/2009/2379/pdf/fdt5.pdf
- Juan R. I. Cole, "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 19, No. 2. (May, 1987), pp. 177-203, at p. 179, through JSTOR.
- Antiquity to Institutionalization of al-Khalifa Rule. Fanack. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
- https://www.academia.edu/35291290/The_Spread_of_Shiism_in_Kashmir_during_Chak_Dynasty_1554-1586_A.D
- http://www.talpur.org
- شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.1987
- شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.1360
- شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.1371
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