List of Lessepsian migrant species

Lessepsian migrants, named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French engineer in charge of the Suez Canal's construction, are marine species that are native to the waters on one side of the Suez Canal, and which have been introduced by passage through the canal to the waters on its other side, giving rise to new colonies there and often becoming invasive.

The Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta, an example of Lessepsian migrant

Most Lessepsian migrations are of Red Sea species invading the Mediterranean Sea; few occur in the opposite direction.

Red Sea species to Mediterranean Sea

The year given denotes first record in the Mediterranean.

Species Group Year Ref.
Actaea savigniiCrustacea: Xanthidae2010[1]
Alepes djedabaActinopterygii: Carangidae1927[2]
Alepes kleiniiActinopterygii: Carangidae1966[3]
Alpheus edwardsiiCrustacea: Alpheidae1924[4]
Alpheus inopinatusCrustacea: Alpheidae1958[4]
Alpheus lobidensCrustacea: Alpheidae1936[4]
Alpheus migransCrustacea: Alpheidae1978[4]
Alpheus rapacidaCrustacea: Alpheidae1964[4][5]
Apogonichthyoides pharaonisActinopterygii: Apogonidae1947[6]
Aquilonastra burtoniEchinodermata: Asterinidae1966[7]
Arcuatula arcuatulaMollusca: Mytilidae[8]
Arcuatula perfragilisMollusca: Mytilidae1960[8][9]
Arcuatula senhousiaMollusca: Mytilidae2004[10]
Ashtoret lunarisCrustacea: Matutidae1990[4]
Aspidosiphon elegansPhascolosomatidea: Aspidosiphonidae1957[11]
Atergatis roseusCrustacea: Xanthidae1964[4]
Atherinomorus lacunosusActinopterygii: Atherinidae1902[12]
Belzebub hanseniCrustacea: Luciferidae1927[4]
Brachidontes pharaonisMollusca: Mytilidae1876[13]
Caesio varilineataActinopterygii: Caesionidae2018[14]
Callionymus filamentosusActinopterygii: Callionymidae1953[2]
Caloria indicaMollusca: Facelinidae1986[15][16]
Carcharhinus brevipinnaChondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae[17]
Carcharhinus melanopterusChondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae2005[18]
Carupa tenuipesCrustacea: Portunidae1996[19]
Ceratonereis mirabilisAnnelida: Nereididae
Champsodon capensisActinopterygii: Champsodontidae2012[20]
Champsodon nudivittisActinopterygii: Champsodontidae2008[21]
Champsodon voraxActinopterygii: Champsodontidae2010[22]
Chaetodon austriacusActinopterygii: Chaetodontidae2011[23]
Chaetodon larvatusActinopterygii: Chaetodontidae2011[24]
Charybdis helleriiCrustacea: Portunidae1929[4]
Charybdis longicollisCrustacea: Portunidae1961[4]
Cheilodipterus novemstriatusActinopterygii: Apogonidae2010[25]
Coleusia signataCrustacea: Leucosiidae1990[4]
Conus arenatusMollusca: Conidae[8]
Coryogalops ocheticusActinopterygii: Gobiidae1927
Crenidens crenidensActinopterygii: Sparidae1970
Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatusActinopterygii: Gobiidae2015[26]
Cymothoa indicaCrustacea: Cymothoidae2009[27]
Cynoglossus sinusarabiciActinopterygii: Cynoglossidae1953
Cucurbitula cymbiumMollusca: Gastrochaenidae[8]
Decapterus russelliActinopterygii: Carangidae2005[28]
Diodora ruppelliiMollusca: Fissurellidae[8]
Dussumieria acutaActinopterygii: Clupeidae1953[2]
Epinephelus areolatusActinopterygii: Serranidae2016[29]
Epinephelus coioidesActinopterygii: Serranidae1969[30]
Epinephelus fasciatusActinopterygii: Serranidae2012[31]
Epinephelus geoffroyiActinopterygii: Serranidae2015[31]
Epinephelus malabaricusActinopterygii: Serranidae1969
Equulites elongatusActinopterygii: Leiognathidae2011[32]
Equulites klunzingeriActinopterygii: Leiognathidae1931[2]
Etrumeus teresActinopterygii: Clupeidae1963
Eucrate crenataCrustacea: Goneplacidae1997[4][33]
Eudactylina asperaCrustacea: Eudactylinidae1977[17]
Fenneropenaeus indicaCrustacea: Penaeidae1981[4]
Ferosagitta galeritaChaetognatha: Sagittidae2003[34]
Fistularia commersoniiActinopterygii: Fistulariidae2001[35]
Fulvia fragilisMollusca: Cardiidae2005[36]
Gafrarium pectinatumMollusca: Veneridae[8]
Glyphidohaptor plectocirra Platyhelminthes: Ancyrocephalidae1972[17]
Goniobranchus annulatusMollusca: Chromodorididae2004[37]
Hemiramphus farActinopterygii: Hemiramphidae1927
Herklotsichthys punctatusActinopterygii: Clupeidae1976
Heterosaccus dollfusiCrustacea: Sacculinidae1992[38]
Himantura uarnakChondrichthyes: Dasyatidae1955[39]
Hippocampus fuscusActinopterygii: Syngnathidae2001[40]
Hyastenus hilgendorfiCrustacea: Epialtidae1964[4]
Hyporhamphus affinisActinopterygii: Hemiramphidae1967
Hypselodoris infucataMollusca: Chromodorididae1973
Isanda holdsworthianaMollusca: Trochidae[8]
Istiophorus platypterusActinopterygii: Istiophoridae[41]
Ixa monodiCrustacea: Leucosiidae1958[4]
Jaydia quekettiActinopterygii: Apogonidae2006[42]
Jaydia smithiActinopterygii: Apogonidae2013[43]
Lagocephalus guentheriActinopterygii: Tetraodontidae2005[44]
Lagocephalus sceleratusActinopterygii: Tetraodontidae2016[45]
Lagocephalus spadiceusActinopterygii: Tetraodontidae1953[2]
Lagocephalus suezensisActinopterygii: Tetraodontidae1977
Laternula anatinaMollusca: Laternulidae[8]
Leonnates decipiensAnnelida: Nereididae
Leonnates indicusAnnelida: Nereididae
Leonnates persicusAnnelida: Nereididae2001[46]
Leptochela aculeocaudataCrustacea: Pasiphaeidae1936[4]
Leptochela pugnaxCrustacea: Pasiphaeidae1958[4]
Liza carinataActinopterygii: Mugilidae1971[2]
Lophioturris indicaMollusca: Turridae[8]
Lutjanus argentimaculatusActinopterygii: Lutjanidae1977
Mactra olorinaMollusca: Mactridae[8]
Marsupenaeus japonicusCrustacea: Penaeidae1926[4][47]
Metapenaeus monocerosCrustacea: Penaeidae1927[4]
Metapenaeus stebbingiCrustacea: Penaeidae1927[4]
Metapenaeopsis aegyptiCrustacea: Penaeidae1990[48]
Metapenaeopsis mogiensisCrustacea: Penaeidae1997[33]
Modiolus auriculatusMollusca: Mytilidae1960[8]
Muraenesox cinereusActinopterygii: Muraenesocidae1982
Myrax fugaxCrustacea: Leucosiidae1930[4]
Neanthes willeyiAnnelida: Nereididae
Nemipterus japonicusActinopterygii: Nemipteridae2006[49]
Nemipterus randalliActinopterygii: Nemipteridae2006[50]
Nereis gilchristiAnnelida: Nereididae
Nereis zonata persicaAnnelida: Nereididae
Nipergasilus boraCrustacea: Ergasilidae1971[17]
Notopus dorsipesCrustacea: Raninidae1964[4]
Ogyrides mjoebergiCrustacea: Ogyrididae1958[4]
Ostorhinchus fasciatusActinopterygii: Apogonidae2008[51]
Oxyurichthys petersiiActinopterygii: Oxudercidae1983[52]
Palaemonella rotumanaCrustacea: Palaemonidae1958[4]
Pampus argenteusActinopterygii: Stromateidae1896[53]
Panulirus ornatusCrustacea: Palinuridae1989[4]
Papilloculiceps longicepsActinopterygii: Platycephalidae1990
Parexocoetus mentoActinopterygii: Exocoetidae1935
Parupeneus forsskaliActinopterygii: Mullidae2000[54]
Pelates quadrilineatusActinopterygii: Terapontidae1970[2]
Pempheris mangulaActinopterygii: Pempheridae1979[2][55]
Penaeus hathorCrustacea: Penaeidae1997[43]
Penaeus semisulcatusCrustacea: Penaeidae1928[4]
Periclimenes calamiCrustacea: Palaemonidae1927[4]
Perinereis nuntiaAnnelida: Nereididae
Petroscirtes ancylodonActinopterygii: Blenniidae1989
Phidiana militarisMollusca: Facelinidae2016[16]
Pilumnopeus vauqueliniCrustacea: Xanthidae1927[4]
Pilumnus hirsutusCrustacea: Xanthidae1936[4]
Plagusia tuberculataCrustacea: Grapsidae1967[4]
Platax teiraActinopterygii: Ephippidae2010[56]
Platycephalus indicusActinopterygii: Platycephalidae1953
Platymaia wyvillethompsoniCrustacea: Majidae1967[4]
Plotosus lineatusActinopterygii: Plotosidae2001[57]
Pomacanthus imperatorActinopterygii: Pomacanthidae2010[56]
Pomacanthus maculosusActinopterygii: Pomacanthidae2009[58]
Pomadasys stridensActinopterygii: Haemulidae1969
Portunus pelagicusCrustacea: Portunidae1924[4]
Potamides conicusMollusca: Potamididae[8]
Priacanthus sagittariusActinopterygii: Priacanthidae2009[56]
Processa aequimanaCrustacea: Processidae1946[4]
Pseudonereis anomalaAnnelida: Nereididae
Pteragogus trispilusActinopterygii: Labridae1992[59]
Pterois milesActinopterygii: Scorpaenidae1992
Rachycentron canadumActinopterygii: Rachycentridae1986
Rastrelliger kanagurtaActinopterygii: Scombridae1971
Rhabdosargus haffaraActinopterygii: Sparidae1992
Rhopilema nomadicaCnidaria: Rhizostomatidae1970s[60]
Rhynchoconger trewavasaeActinopterygii: Congridae1993
Sardinella gibbosaActinopterygii : Clupeidae2008[61]
Sargocentron rubrumActinopterygii: Holocentridae1947[2]
Saron marmoratusCrustacea: Hippolytidae2013[43]
Saurida undosquamisActinopterygii: Synodontidae1953[62]
Scarus ghobbanActinopterygii: Scaridae1999[63]
Scomberomorus commersonActinopterygii: Scombridae1935
Sepia dollfusi Mollusca: Sepiidae2015[64]
Sepia pharaonisMollusca: Sepiidae2003[65][66]
Sepioteuthis lessonianaMollusca: Loliginidae2002[67]
Siganus luridusActinopterygii: Siganidae1964
Siganus rivulatusActinopterygii: Siganidae1927
Silhouettea aegyptiaActinopterygii: Gobiidae1991
Sillago sihamaActinopterygii: Sillaginidae1977[2]
Sorsogona prionotaActinopterygii: Platycephalidae1947
Sphaerozius nitidusCrustacea: Xanthidae1972[4]
Sphyraena chrysotaeniaActinopterygii: Sphyraenidae1930[2]
Sphyraena flavicaudaActinopterygii: Sphyraenidae1992
Spratelloides delicatulusActinopterygii: Clupeidae1978
Stephanolepis diasprosActinopterygii: Monacanthidae1927[2]
Synalpheus hululensisCrustacea: Alpheidae1964[4]
Synanceia verrucosaActinopterygii: Scorpaenidae2010[68]
Synchiropus sechellensisActinopterygii: Callionymidae2014[69]
Terapon jarbuaActinopterygii: Terapontidae2010[70]
Terapon putaActinopterygii: Terapontidae1976[70]
Tetrosomus gibbosusActinopterygii: Ostraciidae1988[71]
Thalamita poissoniiCrustacea: Portunidae1958[4]
Trachurus indicusActinopterygii: Carangidae2009[72]
Trachysalambria curvirostrisCrustacea: Penaeidae1927[4]
Trochus erithreusMollusca: Trochidae[8]
Torquigener flavimaculosusActinopterygii: Tetraodontidae1987[44]
Trypauchen vaginaActinopterygii: Oxudercidae2011[73]
Tylerius spinosissimusActinopterygii: Tetraodontidae2005[74]
Tylosurus choramActinopterygii: Belonidae1963[75]
Upeneus moluccensisActinopterygii: Mullidae1947[2]
Upeneus poriActinopterygii: Mullidae1950[2]
Upeneus tragulaActinopterygii: Mullidae2018[76]
Urocaridella pulchellaCrustacea: Palaemonidae2008[19]
Vanderhorstia mertensiActinopterygii: Gobiidae2008[77]
Zafra savignyiMollusca: Columbellidae[8]

Mediterranean species to Red Sea

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General references
  • Dulcic, J. and A. Pallaoro (2003). Lessepsian Fish Migrants Reported in the East Adriatic Sea: An Annotated List, Ser. hist. nat..
  • Golani, D. (1998). Impact of Red Sea Fish Migrants through the Suez Canal on the Aquatic Environment of the Eastern Mediterranean, Yale FE&S Bulletin 103.
  • Tortonese E (1966). "Echinoderms from the coast of Lebanon". Misc Pap Nat Sci Am Univ Beirut. 5: 2–5.
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