List of French football transfers summer 2009
This is a list of French football transfers for the 2009 summer transfer window. The summer transfer window opened on 1 July 2009 and will close midnight on 1 September 2009. Only moves involving Ligue 1 and Ligue 2 clubs are listed. Players without a club may join one at any time, either during or in between transfer windows.
Transfers
Date | Name | Moving from | Moving to | Fee |
---|---|---|---|---|
16 May 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
23 May 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €3m[1] |
24 May 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
25 May 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
26 May 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[2] |
28 May 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €15m[3] |
28 May 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[4] |
28 May 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[5] |
30 May 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[6] |
1 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
2 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[7] |
2 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[8] |
2 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
3 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
3 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[9] |
4 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[10] |
5 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
5 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
5 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[11] |
6 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
7 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
7 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
8 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
8 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €2m[12] |
9 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
9 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[13] |
9 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
9 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
9 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
9 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
10 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
10 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
10 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[14] |
10 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[15] |
10 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[15] |
10 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[16] |
11 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[17] |
11 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
11 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[18] |
11 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
11 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
11 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
11 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[19] |
12 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
12 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[20] |
13 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[21] |
15 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[22] |
15 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
16 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
17 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan[23] |
17 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
18 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[24] |
18 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
18 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
18 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
19 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
19 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
19 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €1m |
22 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
22 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
22 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
22 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[25] |
22 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[26] |
23 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
23 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €8m[27] |
23 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €1m[28] |
24 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
24 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[29] |
25 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
25 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
25 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
26 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €2m |
26 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
26 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
26 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
26 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
26 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[30] |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[30] |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
27 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
28 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
28 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
28 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[31] |
29 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
29 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €1m |
29 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
29 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
29 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €3.5m[32] |
29 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
29 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
30 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
30 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €9m[33] |
30 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
30 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
30 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
30 June 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €18m[34] |
1 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
1 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
1 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
1 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
1 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
1 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
2 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €11m |
2 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
2 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
2 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[35] |
2 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €6m[35] |
2 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
2 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
2 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
3 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
3 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
3 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
3 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €1m |
3 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[36] |
4 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €2.5m |
5 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
5 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €500k |
6 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
6 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €24m[37] |
8 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
9 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[38] |
9 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €12m[39] |
10 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
10 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
10 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
11 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
11 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
11 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
13 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan[40] |
13 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
13 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
13 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
13 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
14 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
14 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
14 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[41] |
15 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
15 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €18m[42] |
16 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
16 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
16 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
16 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €200k |
17 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
17 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
17 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
17 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
17 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
18 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
18 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €15m[43] |
20 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
20 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
20 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
20 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
20 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
20 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
20 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
20 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
20 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
21 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €8m[44] |
21 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
21 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
21 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
21 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
21 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
22 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
22 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
23 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
24 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
27 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
27 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free[45] |
27 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €2.5m[45] |
28 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
28 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
29 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €13m[46] |
29 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €4m[47] |
29 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
29 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
30 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[48] |
31 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €5m |
31 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
31 July 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
3 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €1.5m |
3 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
4 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
4 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
4 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
4 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
4 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
5 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
5 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €2m |
5 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
5 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
5 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
5 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
6 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
6 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
7 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
7 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
10 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
10 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
12 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
12 August 2009 | ![]() | Unattached | ![]() | Free |
15 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
15 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
16 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
19 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €800k |
19 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
20 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €4m |
20 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
21 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
24 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €1.5m[50] |
25 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
26 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
28 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
28 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
28 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
28 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
30 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €4m[51] |
30 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed[52] |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | €2.5m |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Loan |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Free |
31 August 2009 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Undisclosed |
- ^1 Player who signed with club before 1 July officially joined his new club on 1 July 2009, while player who joined after 1 July joined his new club following his signature of the contract.
Notes and references
- "Eduardo signe trois ans à Lens". AFP. Agence France-Presse. 23 May 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Tunisia's Kasraoui joins Lens". BBC. 26 May 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Bordeaux sign Gourcuff from AC Milan". The Independent. London. 28 May 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Birsa signe, Grichting prolonge". Ouest-France. 29 May 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Lille va récupérer Ladislas Douniama (Orléans)". La Voix des Sports. 28 May 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "T.N'Diaye à Nantes". Ouest-France. 30 May 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- Both clubs agreed if Ligue 2 club Tours did not achieve promotion to Ligue 1, Ca would be allowed to sign with Nancy on a free transfer having agreed to a contract in March.
- "Fabrice Do Marcolino, première recrue tango". Ouest-France. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Jérôme Lebouc quittte Vannes pour Laval". Ouest-France. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Baca du Havre à Lorient". Sports. Sports.fr. 4 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Licata à Auxerre pour quatre ans". FIFA. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Paillot va signer". Ouest-France. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "L'international marocain Issam El Adoua signe à Lens". Le Parisien. 9 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "l'international malien Bakaye Traoré signe pour trois ans". Le Parisien. 9 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Argelier et Mo.Diallo ont signé". Ouest-France. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
- "Pitau signe, Armand prolonge". Le Parisien. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Mandrichi conservé". Ouest-France. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Ben Khalfallah, c'est signé". L'Équipe. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Le Stéphanois Dernis vers Montpellier". Le Parisien. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Dernis signe à Montpellier". Breves de Foot. 12 June 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Darbion signe deuz ans". Mercato365. 12 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- "Koscielny à Lorient". L'Équipe. 15 June 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- "Yohann Lasimant signe pro". Stade Rennais Football Club. 17 June 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
- "D.Traoré signe à Monaco". L'Équipe. 18 June 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
- "Viviani à Grenoble". L'Équipe. 22 June 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- "Striker Lee Keun-ho Signs for French Club". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
- "Carrasso va signer". Ouest-France. 23 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
- "Bréchet, 3 ans à Sochaux". L'Équipe. 23 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
- "Spahic en approche". MaxiFoot. 24 June 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2009.
- "Da Rocha et Adefemi à Boulogne". RMC. 27 June 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2009.
- "Monterrubio à Lorient". L'Équipe. 28 June 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
- "Paulo Machado vai jogar mesmo no Toulouse". IDL Diario. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
- "4 ans au PSG". Paris Saint-Germain Foot. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
- "Marseille agrees on 4-year deal for Lucho Gonzalez". USA Today. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
- "Accords de principe pour S. Diawara et E. Cissé". Olympique de Marseille. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
- "Transferts saison 2009-10". Valenciennes Football Club. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
- "Accord avec Porto pour le transfert de Lisandro Lopez". olweb.fr. 6 July 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2009.
- "Plasil à Bordeaux (officiel)". L'Équipe. 9 July 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
- "M'Bia va signer à l'OM". L'Équipe. 9 July 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
- "F. Robert prêté à Boulogne". L'Équipe. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
- Marcus, Jeffrey (13 July 2009). "Davies Takes a Step Up". New York Times. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- "Accord avec Lille pour le transfert de Michel BASTOS". olweb.fr. 16 July 2009. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
- "Transfert d'Ali CISSOKHO". olweb.fr. 18 July 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
- "Gervinho (Le Mans) signe à Lille". L'Équipe. 18 July 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
- "Abriel, Morientes, c'est OK". L'Équipe. 27 July 2009. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
- "BAFETIMBI GOMIS A L'OL". OLWeb. 29 July 2009. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
- "Ciani à Bordeaux (officiel)". L'Équipe. 29 July 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
- "Accord de principe pour Heinze". OM.net. 30 July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
- In Major League Soccer, all player contracts are owned by the league, not by individual teams.
- "Soumaré à Boulogne (Officiel)". France Football. 24 August 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
- "Coutadeur à Monaco, c'est fait". L'Équipe. 30 August 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
- "Gudjohnsen, deux ans à Monaco". L'Équipe. 31 August 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.