List of Chinese military equipment in World War II

The following is a list of Chinese military equipment of World War II which includes artillery, vehicles and vessels. This list covers the equipment of the National Revolutionary Army, various warlords and including the Collaborationist Chinese Army and Manchukuo Imperial Army, as well as Communist rebels.

Swords and bayonets

Small arms

Pistols
Weapon Caliber Notes Origin
Mauser C967.63x25mm
.45 ACP		Called the Box Cannon (盒子炮). The most common and popular pistol since the beginning of the Republic. Imported from Germany and Spain (Astra 900 and MM31), but mostly produced locally in various arsenals, the larger being in Hanyang, Shanghai, Gongxian, Taku and Shanxi. Often used with a detachable shoulder stock.[5][6] The pistol used the 7.63x25mm caliber, but a version in .45 ACP was also produced in Shanxi, called the "Type 17"[7] China
 Germany
 Spain
FN 1900.32 ACPVery popular pistol called the Lu Zi (撸子) or 8 Bangs (八音子) in the North and Bent Ruler (曲尺) in the South. Originally made in Belgium, but with many copies and variations produced in China, most significantly in the arsenals in Jinling and Shanghai. Made with both 6 or 8-inch barrels, the latter having a slot for a detachable shoulder stock.[8] China
 Belgium
Ruby.32 ACPOriginally made in Spain, but produced in China by the Hanyang Arsenal, as well as smaller shops.[9] China
 Spain
Colt M1903.32 ACPImported commercially from the United States. Called the Horse Brand Logo (馬牌撸子) after the old Colt rampant horse logo.[10] United States
FN 1910
FN 1910/22		.32 ACPImported from Belgium and nicknamed the Floral Mouth Pistol (花口撸子) due to its serrated muzzle ring.[11] Belgium
Mauser 1914.32 ACPImported from the Germany. Called the Kick Mouth Open (张嘴蹬) due to the hold-open design when the gun was empty "waiting" like an "open mouth".[12] Germany
Astra 4009mm LargoRare pistol imported from Spain and used the uncommon (especially in China) 9mm Largo caliber.[13] Spain
Hi-Power9×19mmProduced by the John Inglis Company in Canada for China through the Mutual Aid Board in 1943.[14] Originally intended to make 180,000, only 4,000 were delivered to Karachi, India before the end of the war, with supply problems over "the Hump" making it hard for them to reach the Chinese Y Force.[15][16] Production was cancelled in 1944, but restarted in late 1945, with 40,000 being used in the Civil War after World War II.[17] Canada
Colt M1911A1.45 ACPSupplied to SACO guerrilla units and operatives early in the war, and to the X Force in Burma later on.[18] Nicknamed the Big Eye Pistol (大眼撸子) due to the large caliber.[19] United States
Colt M1917.45 ACPSupplied to SACO guerrilla units and operatives.[20][21] United States
S&W Regulation Police.32 S&W LongSmith & Wesson revolvers in this caliber, copies of the S&W Regulation Police, was produced in the 44th Arsenal located in Guizhou during slack time, starting 1942, often with a detachable shoulder stock.[22] China
 United States
Nambu Type 14
North China Type 19		8mm NambuThe Type 14 was captured from the Imperial Japanese Army and nicknamed the Turtle Shell Pistol (王八盒子) or Chicken Thigh Pistol (鸡腿撸子).[23] It was also supplied to Manchukuo and the Collaborationist Chinese Army, who also produced a very small amount of the Type 19, a copy of the Type 14.[24]  Japan
China-Nanjing

Submachine guns and automatic pistols
Weapon Caliber Notes Origin
Bergmann7.63x25mm
7.65×21mm		The Bergmann gun was the most common SMG in China at the time and called the Flower Mouth Machine-gun (花机关).[25][2] SIG in Switzerland produced the originally German weapon under license as the "SIG Bergmann 1920" and exported it to China after World War I. Chinese arsenals in Jinling and Shanghai started producing them in 7.65mm in 1926. Other arsenals, such as Taku and Hanyang, started making them in 7.63mm. Shenyang, Shanxi and Beiyang arsenals also produced the weapon.[26] Some weapons were made with the magazine facing down, instead of to the side.[23] China
  Switzerland
Thompson.45 ACP
7.63x25mm		The M1921 was commercially imported from the United States and thereafter locally produced in China since the 1920s. Several tens of thousands were made in the arsenals of Shanxi, Taiyuan and Sichuan.[27] ~4,700 guns were also made in 7.63mm in the 21st Arms Weapons Depot.[28] Later in the war, M1928A1 wartime models were supplied to the X Force in Burma, with some also going to the Y Force, by the Unites States.[29] The M1 was also supplied to SACO units.[30] China
 United States
Automatic Mauser C967.63x25mmThe fully automatic version of the common Mauser C96 was originally invented and imported from Spain (Astra 902, Super Azul and MM31).[31] They were also widely imported from Germany (M712 Schnellfeuer).[32][33][3] Chinese made copies also existed.[34] A Chinese technique of firing the gun was to hold the pistol sideways, as the high recoil due to the very high rate of fire would push the gun in a sweeping motion to the side instead of upwards.[35] Spain
 Germany
 China
United Defense M429×19mmSupplied to SACO guerrilla units and operatives.[36][37] United States

Rifles
Weapon Caliber Notes Origin
Hanyang 887.92×57mmThe most common Chinese rifle in the war and was based on the German Gewehr 88 originally used by the New Armies of the Qing dynasty (Several Gewehr 88's also found their way to China after World War I and even its predecessor, the Gewehr 71/84, was still in very limited use.)[38]. Around 1,000,000 were produced in several Chinese arsenals before production ceased in 1944.[39] There also existed a more uncommon carbine version.[38] China
 Germany
Chiang Kai-Shek rifle
Standardmodell
Karabiner 98k		7.92×57mmIn the Chinese National Armament Standards Conference of 1932 it was decided that the Mauser Standardmodell was to be the standard issue rifle of China. It started being imported from Germany in 1934 and production in Chinese arsenals also began in 1935, first under the name "Type 24 Rifle", but was soon renamed to the "Chiang Kai-Shek rifle" after the Generalissimo.[40][41] It would remain the standard service rifle throughout the war, but would never outproduce the Hanyang 88, with the total number of Chinese produced Chiang Kai-Shek rifles made between 1935 and 1945 being ~360,000.[42] In 1935, Germany adopted a modified Standardmodell as their service rifle under the designation Karabiner 98k, continued Chinese imports between 1938 and 1939 would consist of some 100,000 examples of this rifle.[43][44] China
 Germany
FN Model 1924
FN Model 1930		7.92×57mmAfter World War I, German arms exports were banned under the Treaty of Versailles, and weapons companies of other countries stepped in to fill the gap.[45] A very large amount of Belgian M1924 rifles and M1930 carbines from FN were sold to China.[46][47][48] Chinese arsenals also produced copies, such as the "Type 21 Carbine" from Guangdong or the "Type 77 Rifle" (named after the date of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident) from Zhejiang.[49][50] Belgium
 China
ZB vz. 98/227.92×57mmAfter World War I, German arms exports were banned under the Treaty of Versailles, and weapons companies of other countries stepped in to fill the gap.[51] Czechoslovak Brno produced and exported a modified version of the German Gewehr 98. Records show around 200,000 were shipped to China between 1927 and 1939.[51][52] Czechoslovakia
ZB vz. 247.92×57mmRight after the ZB vz. 98/22, Brno started producing the shorter ZB vz. 24. Around 100,000 were imported by the Central Government of China between 1937 and 1938,[53] and several tens of thousands more by provincial governors.[54][55] Czechoslovakia
Mosin–Nagant 1891
Mosin–Nagant 1891/30		7.62×54mmRCalled the Three-Line Repeater (三线步枪), due to the old Russian measurement of the caliber, or Water Repeater (水连珠), believed to be due to Chinese first encountering the rifle from Russian Naval Infantry.[56] Many Mosin-Nagant 1891 rifles were supplied during the Sino-Soviet cooperation in the 1920s and to the troops of the pro-Soviet Sheng Shicai.[57] The Soviet Aid Program early in the war also supplied China with 50,000 Mosin-Nagant 1891/30 rifles, which were used by second line and garrison troops due to the caliber difference.[57] Soviet Union
Carcano 18916.5×52mmThe Carcano rifle was first imported from Italy in 1920, with an order of 40,000. In 1922, a further 14,000 rifles were purchased. In 1924, a further 40,000 rifles were obtained.[58] Japanese records show these rifles being captured in Fujian.[58] In 1941, Japan sold 15,000 of these captured weapons to the collaborationist Nanjing Army.[59] Italy
M1917 Enfield.30-06Common Chinese Lend-Lease rifle. Most of the X Force in Burma were carrying this rifle.[60][61] At first the rifles were cut-down to a shorter length, to better suit the shorter Chinese soldiers, but later issued rifles were of normal length.[60] United States
M1903A3 Springfield.30-06The M1903A3 Springfield was also commonly issued to soldiers of the X Force.[61] It was also used by Chinese commandos in 1945, provided by the OSS.[62] United States
M1 Carbine.30 CarbineMilton E. Miles of SACO considered the light-weight M1 Carbine to be more suitable to the Chinese soldiers than the bigger Mauser rifles, therefore, most SACO units from 1943 on were issued with this semi-automatic weapon.[63] It was also used by the X Force in Burma.[61] United States
Lee-Enfield No.4 Mk I*.303 BritishThe North American produced version of the Lee-Enfield was issued to the X Force while they were training in India.[64] The rifles were part of the Lend-Lease program and marked as US property. Once American rifles started being issued, the Lee-Enfields were kept as training weapons and for guard duty.[64] 40,000 were supplied from 1942 onward.[65] Canada
 United States
Mauser 1907
Mauser Type 1
Mauser Type 4		6.8×57mm
7.92×57mm		The Type 1 was a Chinese produced version of a pattern of imported German rifle (Mauser 1907) from the end of the Qing dynasty. Originally chambered in 6.8x57mm, but changed to 7.92x57mm with the new designation Type 4 (usually just called the "Type 1 7.9mm"), in 1915.[66][67] The Type 4 were the older Chinese standard rifles and common during the Warlord era. In World War II, they were outdated, but still in use by more poorly equipped units.[68] China
 Germany
Liao Type 137.92×57mm
6.5×50mmSR		A hybrid between Arisaka and Mauser 4 produced in the Japanese puppet state Manchukuo and before.[69] Around 140,000 are estimated to have been produced in total.[70] Most of the weapons are using the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge, but some have turned up chambered in 6.5×50mmSR Arisaka.[71] China
 Manchukuo
Arisaka Type 30
Arisaka Type 38		6.5×50mmSRWhile the Japanese Arisaka rifle was supplied to collaborationist units,[59] particularly the Manchukuo Imperial Army[72] and used as captured weapons by Allied ones, China had also imported and produced (in Shanxi) Type 30 and 38 Rifles since before the war.[73] Up to 1917, ~200,000 Type 38 and 150,000 Type 30 rifles had also been imported.[73] The Type 38 was called 38 Big Cover (三八大盖), by the Chinese.[73] Copies of the Type 30 and 38, in 7.92×57mm and 6.5×50mmSR respectively, both named "Type 19", were also made in the collaborationist China.[74][75] Japan
 China
China-Nanjing
Type 81 Short Rifle7.92×57mmA short rifle which included a mixture of features from rifles such as the Hanyang 88, vz. 24 and Japanese Arisaka carbine, including a foldable bayonet. They were produced by the Chinese communists, first in the Jin Ji Yu Operating Base Arsenal in September 1940 before prints and templates were distributed to other arsenals. Around 8,700 were made in total and the model was the largest number produced in the communist arsenals during the war.[76]  China
Gewehr 987.92×57mmSome surplus weapons from various countries in possession of the Gewehr 98 after World War I sold these off internationally, with some ending up in the arms of Chinese warlords.[77][78] Germany
Karabinek wz. 19297.92×57mmThe Polish Karabinek wz. 1929 were exported to China. It is estimated this was only a small amount.[79][77] Poland
Mannlicher M1886
Mannlicher M1888		8×52mmRMany were imported very long before World War II, but were still used by some rear-line units.[80] Austria-Hungary
ZH-297.92×57mm210 examples of this weapon were purchased in 1930 and 1931 for Northeast China. They were probably captured in the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.[81] Czechoslovakia
Murata Type 1311×60mmRLocal defense militias in Manchukuo were issued obsolete weapons such as these.[82] Japan

Grenades and grenade launchers
Weapon Notes Origin
Chinese StielhandgranateChina designed and produced grenades based on the German type, which was the main type during the war. Both several arsenals and civilian workshops produced hundreds of thousands each month.[83] Variations existed, but followed the same basic principle: a wooden handle with a round or cylindrical head and a slow burning fuse.[83] The charge was a mixture of TNT and nitride potassium and were generally weaker than their German counterpart.[83][84] In 1939, a more powerful design with a smaller handle and much more compressed explosive load became the new standard type in all arsenals.[83] Soldiers often bundled grenades together to blast open fortifications. Another tactic was to tie a grenade to a long bamboo stick, for example to stick up over a wall or into a window.[83] China
 Germany
Various GrenadesSeveral other types of simple timed or impact grenades were also made in various machine shops. Examples are copies of the Mills bomb and an impact grenade produced in Jinling Arsenal which had a long "tail" made of hemp to make it easier to throw, nicknamed the "Ponytail Grenade".[85] Local production of grenades and mines by Communist soldiers were important to their guerrilla tactics.[86] China
Type 23 GrenadeThe Type 23 Grenade was a simple cast metal grenade adopted in 1934 which had the function to be easily used as a trap.[87] Many of these grenades were also captured by the Japanese and used in the Pacific War, where US reports believed them to be a new Japanese type.[87][88] China
Type 27 Grenade DischargerThe Type 27 was a common 50mm grenade launcher, a simplified version based on the Japanese Type 89 (which proved too complicated to produce and for soldiers to use).[89] The launcher was designed and tested in 1938, with production beginning in January 1939. Some modifications were introduced in 1940 and 1941, such as making the calibration and base plate thicker and changing the shape of the range adjustment wheel.[90] It had a range of 50-250 meters with a kill zone of 20 meters in diameter. The grenade had a delay fuse of 7.5-8 seconds after being launched.[89] The projectile (Type 27 Grenade) were copies of the Japanese Type 91 grenade, which were used with the Type 89. Therefore, captured enemy ammunition could be used as well. 40,900 were produced, with 1,500,000 grenades.[91] The weapon could be carried in a large leather holster.[89] China
 Japan
Type 28 Rifle GrenadeThe Type 28 was a rifle grenade launcher shaped like a long cylinder which would be attached to front of a Mauser type or Hanyang 88 rifle. It could then fire a Type 28 Rifle grenade (both explosive and smoke types) with the use of a special blank cartridge.[92] The Type 28 rifle grenade system was designed in February 1939 and adopted the same year, going intro production by June.[93] It had a range of 50-250 meters and had a kill zone 10 meters in diameter.[94] The Type 28 grenade was similar to the regular "Stielhandgranate" types, and could be thrown by hand. It had a fuse of 6.5 seconds and was more powerful than regular grenades. Monthly production was 80,000 grenades and 2,000 launchers.[95] China

Flamethrowers
Weapon Notes Origin
M1A1 FlamethrowerThe X Force and Y Force in Burma and later southern China were supplied with these flamethrowers in 1944 and 1945.[96][97] United States

Machine guns
Weapon Caliber Notes Origin
ZB vz. 267.92×57mmBetween 1927 and 1939 Brno exported around 30,000 ZB-26 machine guns to China.[98][99] Chinese production started in 1927, originally in Taku, but with many other arsenals soon following suit. It was the standard light machine gun since 1934 and the most common through the whole war, with many arsenals each producing several hundred weapons per month.[100][44] The gun never received its own designation in China, but was always simply referred to as the "Czech Light Machine-gun".[101] China
 Czechoslovakia
FN Model 1930
FN Model D		7.92×57mmBelgian versions of the Browning Automatic Rifle made by FN were imported to China.[102][103] Over 9,000 had been imported by the time the war broke out, with an additional 8,000 being purchased after that.[102] Belgium
Madsen gun7.92×57mmThe Danish Madsen gun was used with a bipod or tripod and was both imported and locally produced in small scale since 1909.[104][105][106] The Madsen gun was considered to replace the ZB vz. 26 after Brno had turned down the licensing rights for production in China. But after a full set of tools, jigs and drawings were lost in a Japanese air raid in 1940, the Ordnance Office turned back to ZB vz. 26 production.[107] 438 were imported before the war and 3,300 during it.[108] Denmark
 China
Neuhausen KE-77.92×57mmChina purchased over 3,000 KE-7's from Switzerland between 1928 and 1939, including 44,500 magazines.[109] An arsenal in Chonqing, Sichuan produced an additional 6,000 copies between 1934 and 1936.[109][44] China
  Switzerland
Degtyaryov DP7.62×54mmR5,600 Soviet Degtyaryov DP machine guns were supplied to China in the Soviet Aid Program starting 1938.[110][44] Soviet Union
Maxim–Tokarev7.62×54mmRThe predecessor of the Degtyaryov was the Maxim-Tokarev 1925 machine gun. Of the total 2,450 produced, 1,400 were supplied to China between 1938 and 1939, with the rest going to the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War.[111] Soviet Union
Hotchkiss 19227.92×57mmChina started buying this French weapon in 1931 and by the time the war started in 1937 2,620 guns had been imported. A further 1,400 guns were ordered, with at least 925 confirmed deliveries by 1939.[112] France
Lewis gun.303 BritishAt least 3,000 Lewis guns and 15,000,000 rounds of ammunition were purchased around 1930.[113] United Kingdom
Lahti-Saloranta M/267.92×57mmOriginally chambered in the Finnish 7.62×53mmR, the export version of this weapon to its only buyer: China, was chambered in 7.92×57mm Mauser. A contract was originally signed for 30,000 guns, but only 800 were delivered in 1938.[114][115] Finland
Bren gun.303 British
7.92×57mm		Over 18,000 Canadian John Inglis Company Bren Mk. I guns in .303 British were supplied to China through the Lend-Lease program. However, supply problems over "the Hump" led to only 1,117 having been issued to units in China by early 1945.[116] So the primary user became the X Force in Burma, with the Y Force receiving more later on.[116] In October 1943, the John Inglis Company started producing Bren guns in 7.92×57mm Mauser for the Chinese. By the end of World War II, 18,900 had been shipped and 13,800 had been delivered to China by July 1945.[116] Several thousands more would be delivered and used in the Chinese Civil War in the following years.[117] Canada
Nambu Type 116.5×50mmSRCaptured Japanese Type 11 machine guns were used, and they were supplied to the Manchukuo Imperial Army as well as other collaborators.[82] A small number of Chinese copies, the "Type 17" in the same caliber, were produced before the war.[118][119] Japan
 China
Type 24 Maxim7.92×57mmBased on the commercial version of the German MG 08, the MG 09, the Type 24 was a modified and upgraded standardized version of previous small-scale productions of German Maxim guns.[120] It became the most common heavy machine gun in the war, produced in multiple arsenals.[120][61] In addition to the regular belt, there existed special drum magazines (as well as tripods and sights) for anti-aircraft use.[120] The Type 24 was one of the latest adopted Maxim type guns in the world and could incorporate a lot of experience and features from previous models from around the world. It was a very well made and feature rich weapon.[120] China
Type Triple-Ten
M1917 Browning		7.92×57mm
.30-06		Type Triple-Ten was a Chinese copy of the M1917 Browning in 7.92×57mm Mauser. Production started on 10 October 1921 (the 10th year of the republic), i.e. 10-10-10, and the weapon was thus named "Type Triple-Ten".[121] The gun was not very stable and had poor performance, attempts to obtain drawings from the United States or Belgium to improve it were without success. Production shifted to the Type 24 Maxim instead, but ~10,000 Triple-Tens were still made in total.[121] Later in the war, real M1917 Browning's would be supplied to the X Force, chambered in .30-06.[122][123] China
 United States
Hotchkiss 19147.92×57mmAround 2,800 guns were imported from France in the 1930s, all in 7.92×57mm Mauser, further deliveries were stopped due to the German invasion of France in 1940.[124] It was a common model during the war.[124] France
Maxim 19107.62×54mmRThe Soviet Aid Program supplied China with 1,300 Maxim guns with wheeled "Sokolov" mounts.[125][126][127] Soviet Union
ZB vz. 377.92×57mm1,000 machine guns of this type was ordered from Czechoslovakia in 1937, 850 arrived between 1938 and 1939, before the German annexation.[128][129] Czechoslovakia
M1919 Browning.30-06M1919A4 Browning guns were used by the X Force[122] and M1919A6 Browning's were later supplied by the OSS to American trained Chinese commandos in 1945.[130] United States
Type 3 machine gun6.5×50mmSRThis machine gun was used by the Manchukuo Imperial Army and by Collaborationist Chinese Armies.[131] Japan

Infantry held Anti-tank weapons
Weapon Caliber Notes Origin
Boys AT rifle Mk. I*.55 BoysCanadian Boys anti-tank rifles were used by the Y Force in 1944 and 1945.[132][122][133] Canada
M1A1 BazookaM6A1 HEAT RocketThe 60mm M1A1 "Bazooka" rocket launcher was first supplied to SACO units in 1943, they were then supplied to the X Force and Y Force in 1944-1945. A total of ~1,000 Bazookas were in Chinese hands by the end of the war.[134][135][122] United States

Vehicle, aircraft and anti-air machine guns

Artillery

Infantry mortars
Country Caliber Weapon name Observation References
 France37mmMAM Guerilla mortar[138]
 China41mm-50mm Various locally built light mortars[139]
 Japan50mmType 10 grenade dischargercaptured from Japanese[140]
 Japan50mmType 89 grenade dischargercaptured from Japanese[141]
 France60mmBrandt Mle 1935[142]
 United States60mmM2 mortarfrom 1942 onward, local copy with longer barrel produced as Type 31[143]
 China75mmHanyang Arsenal mortar[144]
 China75mmTaiyuan Arsenal mortar[145]
 China75mmType 15 mortarProduced at Hanyang Arsenal[146]
 China79mm82mm mortar [sic]Stokes-type mortar, produced at Shandong arsenal[144]
 China80mmType 11 mortarProduced at Shenyang arsenal[144]
 France81mmBrandt Mle 27/31French and Austrian versions[145][147]
 United States81mmM1 mortarfrom 1942[148]
 China82mmType 13 and Type 15 trench mortarsProduced at Shenyang arsenal[144]
 China82mmTaiyuan Arsenal mortar[145]
 China82mmJiangnan arsenal mortar[145]
 China82mmType 20 mortarcopy of the 81mm Brandt mortar produced at Jinling arsenal[145]
 China84mmHanyang Arsenal mortarproduced from 1925[144]
 Japan90mmType 94 Infantry Mortarfew captured from Japanese
 Japan90mmType 97 Infantry Mortarsome captured from Japanese
 United States107mmM2 4.2 inch mortarreceived from US from 1943 onward[149]
 China150mmType 29 mortar[150]
 United Kingdom152.4mmNewton 6-inch Mortarused by some local warlords
 China240mminfantry mortarlikely single unique unit to fire captured Japanese ammunition

Field and mountain artillery
Country Weapon name Observation References
 JapanType 11 37 mm infantry gunsupplied to pro-Japanese forces or captured[151][152]
ItalyCannone da 47/32 M35[153]
 China53mm Gelusenlegacy Hotchkiss gun
 China57mm Gelusen Guo
 China57mm Lu
 China70mm Gai Liangcopy of Japanese Type 92 Battalion Gun or 37/70mm Skoda gun?
 FranceCanon de 75 modèle 1897limited service[154]
 Germany7.5 cm Krupp L/29actually a L/30 gun[155][156]
 Japan75mm Type 38 field gunsupplied to pro-Japanese forces[151]
 JapanType 41 75 mm mountain gunsupplied to pro-Japanese forces[151]
 Austria-Hungary7.5 cm Model 1911 field gun[151]
Italy75mm M1911 field gun[156]
 Austria-Hungary7.5 cm Krupp Model 1913 mountain gun[151]
 Germany7.5 cm Model 1914 mountain gun[151]
 China75mm Type 13 Liaocopy of the Japanese Type 38 75 mm field gun
 China75mm Type 18 Liao
 China75mm Type 12 Jin or Type 12 infantry guncopy of Krupp 7.5 cm Mountain Gun Model 1904, developed for warlord Yan Xishan
 China75mm Type 13, Type 14 and Type 17copies of the Japanese Type 41 75 mm mountain gun[157]
 China75mm Type 46 Jincopy of Type 94 75 mm Mountain Gun
 SwedenBofors 75 mm Mountain Gunbought in large quantities[158]
 United States75mm Pack Howitzer M1supplied during Burma campaign[159]
 Soviet Union76 mm divisional gun M1902/30[160]
 Germany7.7 cm FK 16limited service[154]
 China77mm Type 14 Liaocopy of 8 cm FK M 18
 ChinaType 41 77.7mm Field GunProduced in China
 United KingdomQF 18-pounder gun Mk IV and Mk Vlimited service[154]
 China88mm Type 18 Jincopy of Gruson 9 cm C/1873 Kanone)
 China88mm Type 18 Liaocopy of 9 cm L/31 Rheinmetall-Solothurn gun-howitzer
 Austria-Hungary10.4 cm M.14 field gun[151]
 ChinaType 14 10 cm Howitzer(105mm) – developed for warlord Yan Xishan
 ChinaType 14 10 cm Cannon(105mm) Chinese design developed for warlord Yan Xishan, unrelated to Japanese Type 14 10 cm Cannon of accidentally the same name
 China105mm Type 16 Jindrilled-out version?
 United States105 mm M2A1 howitzer[161]
 United Kingdom114 mm QF 4.5-inch howitzercaptured in Singapore and supplied to pro-Japanese forces[162]
 ChinaType 14 12 cm Howitzerdeveloped for warlord Yan Xishan, design related to Japanese Type 38 12 cm Howitzer
 Soviet Union122 mm gun M1931 (A-19)
 Soviet Union122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)
 Germany10.5 cm leFH 18
 Germany15 cm sFH 18 L/32[163]

Fortress, naval and coastal guns
Country Weapon name Observation References
 Germany15 cm SK C/288 coastal guns supplied in 1936-1937[164]
 Germany8.8 cm SK C/30 naval gundual AA and coastal gun[165]

Anti-tank guns
Country Weapon name Observation References
 Denmark20 mm Madsen F5 anti-tank gun[166]
 Germany
 Soviet Union		37 mm Grusonwerk and Rosenberg1890s guns modified as anti-tank gun, received from the Soviet Union[167]
 GermanyPak 36including Pak 36 (L/45) and Rheinmetal Commercial (L/50)[167]
 Soviet Union37 mm anti-tank gun M1930 (1-K)Russian copy of Pak 36, small amount provided by USSR[168][169]
 ChinaType 30 anti-tank gunChinese copy of Pak 36[169]
 JapanType 94 37 mm Anti-Tank Guncaptured from Japanese, common
 United States37 mm Gun M3supplied by US trough Lend-Lease[170]
 Soviet Union45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K)unknown quantity supplied by USSR[171]
 Soviet Union45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K)unknown quantity supplied by USSR
ItalyCannone da 47/32 M35few received from Italy
 JapanType 1 47 mm Anti-Tank Gunfew captured from Japanese

Anti-aircraft weapons

Chinese did not produce an AA-guns on their own, but used every foreign gun they can put their hands on. Madsen 20 mm cannons were especially widespread.

Country Weapon name Observation References
 DenmarkMadsen 20 mm anti-aircraft cannon[172]
ItalyBreda Model 33[173]
 GermanySolothurn ST-5120 delivered in 1937[174][175]
 France25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun[176]
 Germany3.7 cm Flak 1860 delivered in 1937[175]
 Japan75mm Type 88 AA gunsupplied to pro-Japanese forces[151]

Vehicles

Tankettes

Tanks
Main article: Tanks in China § History

Armored cars
  • Chinese cruiser Ning Hai
  • Chinese cruiser Ping Hai
  • Chinese cruiser Chao Ho
  • Chinese cruiser Ying Swei
  • Chinese cruiser Yat Sen (later in war has become a Japanese training ship "Atada")
  • Hai Chou - former British sloop
  • Minelayer Huying
  • Gunboats
    • Yi Sheng
    • Hsien Ning
    • Chung Ning
    • Sui Ning
    • Chung Shan (warship) (Capt Sa Shih Chun)**
    • Chu Tung
    • Yung Sheng
    • Chu Chien
    • Hu Fu
    • Chu Kuan
    • Yung Chi
    • Chiang Yuan
    • Yin Ning (Capt Yen Chuan Ching)
    • Hai Ning
    • 7 more unknown gunboats
  • Unknown boat class
    • Chung Shan
    • Chaing Chen
    • Min Sheng
  • List of ships of the Second World War

Aircraft

See also

References
  1. Jowett 2005, p. 39.
  2. Jowett 2005, p. 42.
  3. Jowett 2005, p. 43.
  4. Jowett 2004, p. 47.
  5. Shih 2018, p. 51-58.
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