Legislature XVIII of Italy

The Legislature XVIII of Italy (Italian: XVIII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) started on 23 March 2018 and is the current legislature of the Italian Parliament.[1][2] The composition of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate is the one resulting from the 4 March 2018 election, called after the dissolution of the Parliament announced by President Sergio Mattarella on 28 December 2017.[3]

Legislature XVIII of Italy

XVIII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
18th legislature
Type
Type
bicameral
HousesChamber of Deputies
Senate of the Republic
History
Founded23 March 2018 (2018-03-23)
Preceded byXVII Legislature
Leadership
Roberto Fico, M5S
since 24 March 2018
Structure
SeatsC: 630
S: 321 (315 + 6)
Chamber of Deputies political groups
  •      M5S (201)
  •      Lega (125)
  •      FI (95)
  •      PD (90)
  •      FdI (35)
  •      IV (31)
  •      LeU (11)
  •      Mixed (42)
Senate political groups
  •      M5S (95)
  •      Lega (63)
  •      FI (60)
  •      PD (35)
  •      FdI (18)
  •      IV–PSI (17)
  •      Aut (8)
  •      Mixed + NI (24)
  •      Vacant (2)
Elections
Rosatellum
Rosatellum
Last general election
4 March 2018
Next general election
before 28 May 2023
Meeting place
Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
www.camera.it/leg18/1
www.senato.it/Leg18/home
Constitution
Constitution of Italy

The members of this legislature have on average the lowest age in the history of the Italian Republic: 44.33 years old in the Chamber of Deputies and 52.12 in the Senate.[4] This legislature has also the largest number of new MPs and the highest percentage of women (34%) in Italian history.[4]

Government

During the negotiations for the government formation, the outgoing Gentiloni Cabinet remained in charge. After the election of the Presidents of the two houses on 23 March 2018, Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni resigned and his cabinet remained in charge with the task of handling the "current affairs".

  • Conte I Cabinet (1 June 2018 – 5 September 2019)
    • President of the Council of Ministers: Giuseppe Conte (Independent)
    • Composition of the government: M5S, Lega
  • Conte II Cabinet (5 September 2019 – present)
    • President of the Council of Ministers: Giuseppe Conte (Independent)
    • Composition of the government: M5S, PD, IV, LeU

Composition

Chamber of Deputies

The number of elected deputies is 630. However, due to resignations, deaths or office incompatibilities, the number of deputies might be lower during the periods in which substitutes are picked (via parties lists or via by-elections).

Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies
Initial composition[5] Current composition[6]
Parliamentary group Seats Parliamentary group Seats Change
Five Star Movement 222 Five Star Movement 201[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] 21
League – Salvini for Premier 125 League – Salvini for Premier 125[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 8]
Democratic Party 111 Democratic Party 90[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 13][lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 15] 21
Forza Italia – Berlusconi for President 104 Forza Italia – Berlusconi for President 95[lower-alpha 16][lower-alpha 17][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 18][lower-alpha 19][lower-alpha 20][lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 21][lower-alpha 22][lower-alpha 23] 9
Brothers of Italy 32 Brothers of Italy 35[lower-alpha 24][lower-alpha 19][lower-alpha 5] 3
Italia Viva 31[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 25][lower-alpha 26][lower-alpha 21][lower-alpha 27][lower-alpha 22] 31
Free and Equal 11[lower-alpha 13][lower-alpha 26][lower-alpha 27] 11
Mixed 36 Mixed 42[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 15] 6
Linguistic Minorities 4 Linguistic Minorities 4
Us with Italy 4 Us with Italy – USEI – Cambiamo! – Alliance of the Centre 11[lower-alpha 16][lower-alpha 17][lower-alpha 28][lower-alpha 22][lower-alpha 23] 7
Free and Equal 14 14
Democratic Centre – Italian Radicals – More Europe 3 3
MAIE–Associative Movement Italians Abroad 3 3
Popolo Protagonista – Popular Alternative 4[lower-alpha 29] 4
Non inscrits 14 Non inscrits 17 3
Total seats 630 Total seats 630
  1. On 26 July 2018, deputy Andrea Mura left the M5S group and joined the mixed group. On 27 September 2018 he resigned from office.
  2. On 7 December 2018, deputy Matteo Dall'Osso, elected with the M5S, joined the FI group.
  3. On 17 April 2019, deputy Sara Cunial, elected with the M5S, joined the Mixed group.
  4. On 1 July 2019, deputies Veronica Giannone and Gloria Vizzini left the M5S group and joined the Mixed group.
  5. On 10 July 2019, deputy Davide Galantino, elected with the M5S, joined the Mixed group. On 8 October 2019, he left the Mixed group and joined FdI.
  6. In the early 2020, 10 deputies left the M5S group and joined the Mixed group. On 3 January 2020, deputies Nunzio Angiola and Gianluca Rospi; on 7 January, deputy Lorenzo Fioramonti; on 9 January, deputies Massimiliano De Toma and Rachele Silvestri; on 14 January, deputy Santi Cappellani; on 21 January, deputies Michele Nitti and Nadia Aprile; on 4 February, deputy Flora Frate; on 18 March, deputy Raffaele Trano; on 23 April, deputy Antonio Zennaro; on 24 April, deputy Fabiola Bologna; on 6 May, deputy Rosalba De Giorgi; on 20 May, deputy Nicola Acunzo; on 22 June, deputy Alessandra Ermellino.
  7. On 9 September 2019, deputy Carmelo Lo Monte left the Lega group and joined the Mixed group.
  8. On 3 December 2019, deputy Antonino Minardo left the FI group and joined the Lega group.
  9. On 24 January 2019, deputy Andrea Frailis replaced former deputy Andrea Mura (M5S) after the result of the by-election in the Cagliari constituency.
  10. On 13 June 2019, deputy Daniela Cardinale left the PD group and joined the Mixed group.
  11. On 19 September 2019, twenty-four deputies from the PD group and one from the Mixed-CP group formed Italia Viva, led by Matteo Renzi. On 24 September 2019, deputy Giacomo Portas also left the PD and joined the IV group.
  12. On 23 September 2019, deputies Beatrice Lorenzin and Serse Soverini left the Mixed-CP-AP-PSI-AC group and joined the PD group.
  13. On 24 September 2019, deputy Laura Boldrini left LeU and joined the PD group.
  14. On 2 December 2019, deputy Paolo Gentiloni left his seat in the Chamber in relation to his appointment as European commissioner in the von der Leyen Commission; his seat (Rome) was opened for by-election, and was won by the centre-left candidate Roberto Gualtieri, minister of Economy and Finance of the Conte II Cabinet. Gualtieri joined the PD group on 4 March 2020.
  15. On 19 February 2020, deputy Santi Cappellani, elected with the M5S, left the Mixed group and joined the PD group.
  16. On 18 April 2018, deputy Enrico Costa left the Mixed-NcI group and joined FI.
  17. On 4 October 2018, deputy Vittorio Sgarbi left the FI group and joined the Mixed group. On 6 December 2019, he joined the Mixed–NcI–USEI subgroup.
  18. On 6 May 2019, deputy Giorgio Silli left the FI group and joined the Mixed–10VM group.
  19. On 28 August 2019, deputy Galeazzo Bignami left the FI group and joined the FdI group.
  20. On 11 September 2019, deputies Stefano Benigni, Manuela Gagliardi, Claudio Pedrazzani and Alessandro Sorte left the FI group and joined the Mixed-Cambiamo-10VM group.
  21. On 20 December 2019, deputy Davide Bendinelli left the FI group and joined the IV group.
  22. On 15 May 2020, deputy Francesco Scoma left the FI group and joined the IV group.
  23. On 26 May 2020, deputy Antonino Germana left the FI group and joined the Mixed NcI–USEI–C!–AdC subgroup.
  24. On 14 May 2019, deputy Salvatore Caiata left the Mixed–10VM group and joined the FdI group.
  25. On 17 October 2019, deputy Catello Vitiello left the Mixed–C!–10VM group and joined IV.
  26. On 25 October 2019, deputy Giuseppina Occhionero left the LeU group and joined the IV group.
  27. On 19 February 2020, deputy Michela Rostan left the LeU group and joined the IV group.
  28. On 18 December 2019, five former members of the dissolved component Mixed–C! joined the Mixed–NcI–USEI–AdC group.
  29. On 6 May 2020, deputies Gianluca Rospi, Michele Nitti and Antonio Zennaro formed the subgroup "Popolo Protagonista – Popular Alternative" in the Mixed group. On 16 June 2020, deputy Fabiola Bologna the PP-AP group.

Senate
See also: List of members of the Italian Senate, 2018-

In this legislature the number of elected Senators was 314, instead of the usual 315: in the Sicily constituency the total number of assigned seats to the M5S exceeded the number of candidates in the party's list.[7] Including the six life senators, the total number of senators was therefore 320. On 31 July 2019, the Senate commission on elections finalized a decision about the missing seat in Sicily, assigning it to the M5S.[8] The total number of senators is currently 321.

Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic
Initial composition[9] Current composition[10]
Parliamentary group Seats Parliamentary group Seats Change
Five Star Movement 109 Five Star Movement 95[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 13] 14
Forza Italia – Berlusconi for President 61 Forza Italia Berlusconi for President – UDC 60[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 15][lower-alpha 16] 1
League – Salvini for Premier 58 League – Salvini for Premier – Sardinian Action Party 63[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 17][lower-alpha 18][lower-alpha 19][lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 16][lower-alpha 13] 5
Democratic Party 52 Democratic Party 35[lower-alpha 18][lower-alpha 20][lower-alpha 15][lower-alpha 21][lower-alpha 22] 17
Brothers of Italy 18 Brothers of Italy 17[lower-alpha 23] 1
For the Autonomies 8 For the Autonomies 8
Italia Viva – PSI 17[lower-alpha 15][lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 21] 17
Mixed 12 Mixed 22[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 20][lower-alpha 15][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 22][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 12] 10
Free and Equal 4 Free and Equal 5[lower-alpha 2] 1
More Europe with Emma Bonino 1 More Europe with Emma Bonino 1
PSI – MAIE – USEI 3 3
MAIE 2 2
Non inscrits 4 Non inscrits 14 10
Non-inscrit Life Senators 2 Non-inscrit Life Senators 2
Total seats 320 Total seats 319 1
  1. On 3 January 2019, senators Saverio De Bonis and Gregorio De Falco joined the Mixed group.
  2. On 29 June 2019, senator Paola Nugnes left the M5S group and joined the Mixed group. On 11 September 2019, she joined the Mixed–LeU group.
  3. On 1 August 2019, senator Emma Pavanelli joined the M5S group, filling the missing M5S seat in Sicily.
  4. On 24 September 2019, senator Gelsomina Vono left the M5S group and joined IV.
  5. On 6 November 2019, senator Elena Fattori left the M5S group and joined the Mixed group.
  6. On 22 November 2019, senator Franco Ortolani (M5S) passed away; his seat (Naples) was opened for by-election, and was won by the centre-left candidate Sandro Ruotolo, who on 5 March 2020 became Senator joining the Mixed group.
  7. On 11 December 2019, senators Ugo Grassi, Stefano Lucidi and Francesco Urraro left the M5S group and joined the Lega group.
  8. On 4 January 2020, senator Gianluigi Paragone was expelled from the M5S and joined the Mixed group.
  9. On 15 January 2020, senator Luigi Di Marzio left the M5S group and joined the Mixed group.
  10. On 4 February 2020, after being expelled from the M5S, senator Lello Ciampolillo left its group and joined the Mixed group.
  11. On 17 March 2020, senator Vittoria Bogo Deledda (M5S) died; her seat is open for by-election.
  12. On 24 April 2020, senator Mario Michele Giarrusso left the M5S group and joined the Mixed group.
  13. On 23 June 2020, senator Alessandra Riccardi left the M5S group and joined the Lega group.
  14. On 30 July 2019, the election of senator Matteo Salvini (Lega) was invalidated. On 1 August 2019, senator Fulvia Michela Caligiuri replaced him, and joined the FI group.
  15. On 18 September 2019, thirteen senators from the PD (including Matteo Renzi and Teresa Bellanova), one from FI (Donatella Conzatti) and one from the Mixed group (Riccardo Nencini) formed the IV—PSI group.
  16. On 2 June 2020, senator Elena Testor left the FI group and joined the Lega group.
  17. On 31 July 2019, the election of senator Kristalia Rachele Papaevangeliu (Lega) was invalidated. Senator Matteo Salvini replaced her, and joined the Lega group.
  18. On 31 July 2019, the election of senator Edoardo Patriarca (PD) was invalidated. Senator Stefano Corti replaced his seat, and joined the Lega group.
  19. On 2 December 2019, governor of Umbria Donatella Tesei (Lega) left her seat in the Senate; the seat was opened for by-election, and was won by the centre-right candidate Valeria Alessandrini (Lega). Alessandrini joined the group on 18 March.
  20. On 10 September 2019, senator Matteo Richetti left the PD group and joined the Mixed group.
  21. On 7 October 2019, senator Annamaria Parente left the PD group and joined IV.
  22. On 25 February 2020, senator Tommaso Cerno left the PD group and joined the Mixed group.
  23. On 15 June 2020, senator Stefano Bertacco (FdI) died; his seat is open for by-election.

Main legislative acts
  • Dignity decree (Italian: decreto dignità), approved on 7 August 2018. The bill imposed additional limits on the temporary employment contracts, issued fines on companies which received government aid and decide to relocate abroad, and banned advertising of gambling operators.[11]
  • Security decree (Italian: decreto sicurezza), or Salvini decree, approved on 28 November 2018. Strongly pushed by then Interior Minister Matteo Salvini, the bill involves measures regarding public safety and immigration. The new legislation abolished the status of humanitarian protection, extended the period of immigration detention in the Italian identification centres, increased funding for repatriation, extended the list of crimes that imply a nullification of refugee or protection status, and introduced the possibility of canceling the Italian citizenship acquired by a foreigner citizen in case they committed a terrorism-related crime.[12]
  • Anti-corruption bill (Italian: decreto anti-corruzione), also known as "Spazza-corrotti" (English: corruption-sweeper), approved on 18 December 2018. The bill increased the punishment and introduced a ban from public service for officers convicted for corruption, reformed the statute of limitations by expanding the time span for prescription, and included new rules for the regulation of political party funding.[13]
  • 2019 budget law (Italian: legge di bilancio 2019), approved on 30 December 2018. The bill introduced new taxes on web-based businesses and a strategy to drive up government revenues by selling public properties. The 2019 budget included a target deficit of 2.04% of the GDP, meeting the requests of the European Commission after a first proposal of 2.4%.[14]
  • Citizens' income and "quota 100" decree (Italian: decreto reddito di cittadidanza e quota 100), approved on 27 March 2019. The bill introduced a means-tested "citizens' income" to support poor families of up to 780 euros per month for a single unemployed person, and up to 1032 euros per month for a family. The bill also lowered the age of retirement based on the "100 quota": workers can retire when the sum of their age and their pension contribution years adds up to 100.[15]
  • Right of self-defense decree (Italian: decreto legittima difesa), approved on 28 March 2019. The bill introduced limitations to legal action against persons who attack an intruder, legitimating the self-defense also in case of "perceived" threat.[16]
  • Economic growth decree (Italian: decreto crescita), approved on 27 June 2019. After two consecutive quarters of negative national growth, the government passed a bill introducing various tax cuts and investment boosts.[17]
  • Security decree – bis (Italian: decreto sicurezza – bis), approved on 5 August 2019. The bill covers mainly two topics: migrant rescue at sea, and public order management during demonstrations. The bill allowed the Interior Minister to limit or forbid the passage of ships in national waters for security and public-order reasons, and issued sanctions up to 1 million euros and possibly the seizure of the vessel against the ship captains who violate this law. Regarding public order management, the bill introduces harsher punishments for the usage of rockets, petards, sticks, bats, and helmets during demonstrations, and for the interruption of a public service.[18]
  • Constitutional law – Reduction of the number of MPs (Italian: legge costituzionale – riduzione del numero dei parlamentari), approved on 8 October 2019. The constitutional law reduces the size of the two houses of Parliament, from 630 to 400 in the Chamber of Deputies and from 315 to 200 in the Senate.[19]
  • Climate decree (Italian: decreto clima), approved on 10 December 2019. The bill is the first step of the government proposed "Green New Deal" plan; it introduced incentives for reducing the use of plastic packaging by shopkeepers, and incentives to car, moped or scooter drivers to use public transport in their cities.[20]
  • 2020 budget law (Italian: legge di bilancio 2020), approved on 24 December 2019. This budget law was the first of the Conte II cabinet, and introduced tax cuts and a crack-down on tax evasion. The budget keeps the Italian deficit for 2020 at 2.2% of the GDP, and introduced safeguard clauses in order to keep the 2021 deficit at 1.8%, like the previously planned target agreed with the European Commission.[21]

References
  1. "XVIII Legislatura - Home Page". camera.it. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  2. "senato.it - Senato della Repubblica". www.senato.it. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  3. Casalini, Simona (28 December 2017). "Mattarella scioglie le Camere, si vota il 4 marzo" [Mattarella dissolves the Parliament, election is on 4 March]. La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  4. Rapisarda, Carmelo (11 March 2018). "Mai un Parlamento così 'nuovo', con tanti giovani e tante donne. Un rapporto" [Never was a Parliament 'newer', with many young men and women. A report]. AGI (in Italian). Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  5. "XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Modifiche Intervenute". www.camera.it.
  6. "XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Composizione Gruppi Parlamentari". www.camera.it. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  7. "Il Movimento 5 Stelle ha eletto troppi parlamentari" [The Five Star Movement elected too many MPs]. Il Post (in Italian). 8 March 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  8. "Legislatura 18ª - Aula - Ordine del giorno della seduta n. 140 del 31/07/2019". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  9. "senato.it - Variazioni dei Gruppi parlamentari". www.senato.it.
  10. "senato.it - Composizione dei Gruppi parlamentari". www.senato.it.
  11. "Italy's Conte Government's First Decree - Decreto Dignità". Equinox Advisory. 3 July 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  12. Camilli, Annalisa (27 November 2018). "Cosa prevede il decreto sicurezza e immigrazione". Internazionale (in Italian). Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  13. "Anticorruzione, in Gazzetta la legge spazzacorrotti". Altalex (in Italian). Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  14. Graham, Darin (29 December 2018). "Italy's parliament approves 2019 budget in confidence vote". euronews. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  15. "Italian government approves overhaul of welfare and pensions". www.thelocal.it. 18 January 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  16. "Italy just made it easier to claim self-defence if you hurt or kill an intruder". www.thelocal.it. 28 March 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  17. "Italian government wins confidence vote on economic growth decree". Reuters. 21 June 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  18. Camilli, Annalisa (24 July 2019). "Tutto quello che c'è da sapere sul decreto sicurezza bis". Internazionale (in Italian). Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  19. "Italy shrinks parliament 'to save €1bn'". 8 October 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  20. Giuffrida, Angela (10 October 2019). "Italy proposes to cut prices for food sold without packaging". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  21. Fonte, Giuseppe; Jones, Gavin (16 October 2019). "Italy's cabinet approves 2020 budget that cuts taxes, targets evaders". Reuters. Retrieved 27 December 2019.


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