Korean emperor

Korean emperors were monarchs in the history of Korea who used the title of emperor or an equivalent.

Not to be confused with Emperor of Korea.
Part of a series on the
History of Korea
Prehistoric period
Ancient period
Gojoseon 2333 BC–108 BC
Jin
Proto–Three Kingdoms period
Three Kingdoms period
Goguryeo 37 BC–668 AD
Baekje 18 BC–660 AD
Silla 57 BC–935 AD
Gaya confederacy 42 AD–562 AD
Northern and Southern States period
Later Silla (Unified Silla) 668–935
Balhae 698–926
Later Three Kingdoms period
Later Baekje 892–936
Taebong (Later Goguryeo) 901–918
Later Silla 668–935
Dynastic period
Goryeo 918–1392
Joseon 1392–1897
Korean Empire 1897–1910
Colonial period
Japanese rule 1910–1945
Provisional Government 1919–1948
Modern period
Military governments 1945–1948
North Korea 1948–present
South Korea 1948–present
Topics
Timeline

History

Three Kingdoms of Korea
Main article: Taewang

Based on epitaphs dating to the 4th and 5th centuries, Goguryeo had concepts of Son of Heaven (天帝之子) and independent tianxia.[1][2][3] Some rulers of Goguryeo, such as Gwanggaeto the Great and Jangsu, used the title of Taewang (태왕; 太王; lit. "Greatest King"), which was equivalent to "emperor" and indicated an independent worldview.[4] Some rulers of Silla, such as Beopheung and Jinheung, also used the title of Taewang.[5]

Balhae

The rulers of Balhae used imperial titles, such as Seongwang (성왕; 聖王; lit. "Holy King") and Hwangsang (황상; 皇上; lit. "Emperor"), and had independent era names.[6][7]

Goryeo
Main article: Goryeo § Government

The rulers of Goryeo used the titles of emperor and Son of Heaven and positioned Goryeo at the center of the Haedong "East of the Sea" tianxia, which encompassed the historical domain of the "Samhan", another name for the Three Kingdoms of Korea.[8] Imperial titles were used since the founding of Goryeo, and the last king of Silla addressed Wang Geon as the Son of Heaven when he capitulated.[9] In 1270, Goryeo capitulated to the Mongols and became a semi-autonomous "son-in-law state" (부마국; 駙馬國) of the Yuan dynasty, bringing an end to its imperial system.[8]

Korean Empire
Main articles: Korean Empire and Emperor of Korea

References
  1. Yeongkwang, Jo (2015). "Status and Tasks for Study of the Foreign Relations and World View of Koguryo in the Gwanggaeto Stele". Dongbuga Yeoksa Nonchong (in Korean) (49): 70–76. ISSN 1975-7840. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  2. "고구려의 천하관". 우리역사넷 (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  3. "장수왕의 남진 정책". 우리역사넷. National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  4. "Goguryeo's Worldview and Three Kingdoms". Korea Now. Korea Herald. 33: 32. 2004. Retrieved 19 February 2019. They called their king "taewang" ("the greatest king"). Taewang was a title equivalent to "emperor" and referred to the ruler of the entire world of Goguryeo. In short, the practice of calling their king "taewang" was based on Goguryeo's independent worldview.
  5. "(1) 대왕호의 사용과 연호의 제정". 우리역사넷. National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  6. "발해(渤海)". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  7. Kim, Jinwung (2012). A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict. Indiana University Press. p. 88. ISBN 9780253000248. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  8. Em, Henry (2013). The Great Enterprise: Sovereignty and Historiography in Modern Korea. Duke University Press. pp. 24–26. ISBN 0822353725. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  9. 이윤섭 (2012). "고려의 천하관". 역동적 고려사 (in Korean). 필맥. ISBN 9788997751006. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
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