Kaga Domain

The Kaga Domain (加賀藩, Kaga han), also known as Kanazawa Domain (金沢藩, Kanazawa han),[1] was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, covering most of Kaga Province and Etchū Provinces and all of Noto Province (modern-day Ishikawa and Toyama Prefectures), in the Hokuriku region of Japan. It was centered on Kanazawa Castle in what is now the city of Kanazawa. Throughout its history, it was ruled by the Maeda clan. Kaga Domain had an assessed kokudaka of over one million koku, making it by far the largest of the feudal domains within the Tokugawa shogunate.[2] The location of the main Edo residence of the daimyō of the Kaga Domain is now the site of the Hongō campus of the University of Tokyo.

Kanazawa Castle, the seat of the Kaga domain
Kaga Domain
加賀藩
under Tokugawa shogunate Japan
1583–1871

Kaga Toyama and Daishōji han in late Edo period, Daishōji Domain in orange, Kaga Domain in green, Toyama Domain in brown
CapitalKanazawa Castle
Area
 • Coordinates36°33′52″N 136°39′33″E
 • TypeDaimyō
Historical eraEdo period
• Established
1583
• Disestablished
1871
Today part ofparts of Ishikawa and Toyama Prefectures

History

Maeda Toshiie was a distinguished military commander, a retainer of Oda Nobunaga and a close friend of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. A member of the Council of Five Elders who ruled Japan during the Sengoku period, he was granted the Kaga Domain in 1583.[1] His eldest son, Maeda Toshinaga, supported Tokugawa Ieyasu in his rise to power and was rewarded by an increase in his lands to 1.25 million koku.

Toshinaga was succeeded by his brother Maeda Toshitsune, who created two cadet branches of the clan:

  • Toyama Domain (100,000 koku), headed by descendants of Toshitsune's second son Toshitsugu (1617–1674)
  • Daishōji Domain (100,000 koku), headed by descendants of Toshitsune's fourth son Toshiaki (1638–1692)

A third cadet line was founded by Toshitsune's brother Maeda Toshitaka for his services during the Siege of Osaka. This branch held the Nanokaichi Domain, rated at the minimum of 10,000 koku.

The Maeda clan ruled Kaga until the abolition of the domains in 1871.

Bakumatsu period holdings

As with most domains in the han system, Kaga Domain consisted of discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.[3][4] At the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, the domain consisted of the following holdings:

List of daimyōs
    #NameTenureCourtesy titleCourt Rankkokudaka
    Maeda clan (tozama) 1583--.1871[5]
    0Maeda Toshiie (前田利家)1583–1599Chikuzen-no-kami　(筑前守)Junior 2nd Rank (従二位); Dainagon (大納言)830,000 koku
    1Maeda Toshinaga (前田利長)1599–1605Hizen-no-kami　(肥前守)Junior 3rd Rank (従三位); Chūnagon (中納言)1,200,000 koku
    2Maeda Toshitsune (前田利常)1605–1639Hizen-no-kami　(肥前守)Junior 3rd Rank (従三位); Chūnagon (中納言)1,200,000 koku
    3Maeda Mitsutaka (前田光高)1639–1645Chikuzen-no-kami (筑前守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-sho-sho (左近衛権少将)1,200,000 koku
    4Maeda Tsunanori (前田綱紀)1645–1723Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Junior 3rd Rank (従三位); Sangi (参議)1,030,000 koku
    5Maeda Yoshinori (前田吉徳)1723–1745Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    6Maeda Munetoki (前田宗辰)1745–1746Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    7Maeda Shigehiro (前田重熙)1746–1753Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    8Maeda Shigenobu (前田重靖)1753Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-sho-sho (左近衛権少将)1,025,000 koku
    9Maeda Shigemichi (前田重教)1753–1771Hizen-no-kami　(肥前守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    10Maeda Harunaga (前田治脩)1771–1802Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    11Maeda Narinaga (前田斉広)1802–1822Hizen-no-kami　(肥前守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    12Maeda Nariyasu (前田斉泰)1822–1866Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 2nd Rank (正二位); Gon-Chūnagon (権中納言)1,025,000 koku
    13Maeda Yoshiyasu (前田慶寧)1866–1871Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Junior 3rd Rank (従三位); Sangi (参議)1,030,000 koku

    Genealogy

    The clan records were preserved over the course of centuries.[6]

    • I. Toshiie, 1st daimyō of Kaga (cr. 1583) (1539–1599; r. 1583–1599)
      • II. Toshinaga, 2nd daimyō of Kaga (1562–1614; r. 1599–1605)
      • III. Toshitsune, 3rd daimyō of Kaga (1594–1658; r. 1605–1639)
        • IV. Mitsutaka, 4th daimyō of Kaga (1616–1645; r. 1639–1645)
          • V. Tsunanori, 5th daimyō of Kaga (1643–1724; r. 1645–1723)
            • VI. Yoshinori, 6th daimyō of Kaga (1690–1745; r. 1723–1745)
              • VII. Munetoki, 7th daimyō of Kaga (1725–1747; r. 1745–1747)
              • VIII. Shigehiro, 8th daimyō of Kaga (1729–1753; r. 1747–1753)
              • IX. Shigenobu, 9th daimyō of Kaga (1735–1753; r. 1753)
              • X. Shigemichi, 10th daimyō of Kaga (1741–1786; r. 1754–1771)
                • XII. Narinaga, 12th daimyō of Kaga (1782–1824; r. 1802–1822)
                  • XIII. Nariyasu, 13th daimyō of Kaga (1811–1884; r. 1822–1866)
                    • XIV. Yoshiyasu, 14th daimyō of Kaga, 14th family head (1830–1874; r. 1866–1869; Governor: 1869–1871; family head: 1869–1874)
                      • Yoshitsugu, 15th family head, 1st Marquess (1858–1900; 15th family head 1874–1900, Marquess: 1884).
              • XI. Harunaga, 11th daimyō of Kaga (1745–1810; r. 1771–1802).
            • Toshiaki, 4th daimyō of Kaga-Daishōji (1691–1737)
              • Toshimichi, 5th daimyō of Kaga-Daishōji (1733–1781)
                • Toshitoyo, 9th daimyō of Etchū-Toyama (1771–1836)
                  • Toshihiro, 11th daimyō of Ueno-Nanokaichi (1823–1877)
                    • Toshiaki, Governor of Nanokaichi, 1st Viscount (1850–1896; Governor of Nanokaichi 1869–1871, created 1st Viscount 1884)
                      • Toshinari, 16th family head, 2nd Marquess (1885–1942; 16th family head and 2nd Marquess 1900–1942)
                        • Toshitatsu, 17th family head, 3rd Marquess (1908–1989; 17th family head 1942–1989, 3rd Marquess 1942–1947)
                          • Toshihiro, 18th family head (1935– ; 18th family head 1989–)
                            • Toshitaka (1963–)
                              • Toshikyo (1993–)

    See also

    References
    1. "Kaga Province" at JapaneseCastleExplorer.com; retrieved 2013-4-9.
    2. Totman, Conrad. (1993). Early Modern Japan, p. 119.
    3. Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). The Bakufu in Japanese History, p. 150.
    4. Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century, p. 18.
    5. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du Japon; Papinot, (2003). "Maeda" at Nobiliare du Japon, p. 28; retrieved 2013-4-9.
    6. 前田氏 at ReichsArchiv.jp; retrieved 2013-7-9. (in Japanese)

    Further reading
    • Brown, Philip C. (1993). Central authority and local autonomy in the formation of early modern Japan: the case of Kaga domain. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
    • Chūda Toshio 忠田敏男 (1993). Sankin kōtai dōchūki: Kaga-han shiryō o yomu 参勤交代道中記: 加賀藩史料を読む. Tokyo: Heibonsha 平凡社.
    • Flershem, Robert G., and Yoshiko N. Flershem (1980). Kaga, a domain which changed slowly. Hamburg: Gesellschaft für Natur und Völkerkunde Ostasiens.
    • McClain, James L. (1982). Kanazawa : a seventeenth-century Japanese castle town. New Haven: Yale University Press.
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