Journey (band)

Journey is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1973, composed of former members of Santana and Frumious Bandersnatch. The band has gone through several phases; its strongest commercial success occurred between 1978 and 1987 when Steve Perry was lead vocalist. During that period, the band released a series of hit songs, including "Don't Stop Believin'" (1981), which in 2009 became the top-selling track in iTunes history among songs not released in the 21st century.[7][8] Its parent studio album, Escape, the band's seventh and most successful, reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and yielded another of their most popular singles, "Open Arms". Its 1983 follow-up album, Frontiers, was almost as successful in the United States, reaching No. 2 and spawning several successful singles; it broadened the band's appeal in the United Kingdom, where it reached No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart. Journey enjoyed a successful reunion in the mid-1990s and have since regrouped twice; first with Steve Augeri from 1998-2006,[9] then with Arnel Pineda from 2007 to the present.[10]

Journey
Journey in 2013
Background information
OriginSan Francisco, California, United States
Genres
Years active
  • 1973–1987
  • 1991
  • 1995–present
Labels
Associated acts
Websitejourneymusic.com
Members

‡Pending resolution of lawsuit.

Past members

Sales have resulted in twenty five gold and platinum albums, in addition to the fifteen-time platinum RIAA Diamond Certified, 1988's Greatest Hits album.[11] They have had nineteen Top 40 singles in the U.S. (the second most without a Billboard Hot 100 number one single behind Electric Light Orchestra with 20), six of which reached the Top 10 of the US chart and two of which reached No. 1 on other Billboard charts, and a No. 6 hit on the UK Singles Chart in "Don't Stop Believin'". In 2005, "Don't Stop Believin'" reached No. 3 on iTunes downloads. Originally a progressive rock band, Journey was described by AllMusic as having cemented a reputation as "one of America's most beloved (and sometimes hated) commercial rock/pop bands" by 1978, when they redefined their sound by embracing pop arrangements on their fourth album, Infinity.[12]

According to the Recording Industry Association of America, Journey has sold 48 million albums in the U.S., making them the 25th best-selling band. Their worldwide sales have reached nearly 100 million records globally, making them one of the world's best-selling bands of all time.[13] A 2005 USA Today opinion poll named Journey the fifth-best U.S. rock band in history.[14][15] Their songs have become arena rock staples and are still played on rock radio stations across the world. Journey ranks No. 96 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.

Journey was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the class of 2017. Inductees included lead singer Steve Perry, guitarist Neal Schon, keyboardists Jonathan Cain and Gregg Rolie, bassist Ross Valory, and drummers Aynsley Dunbar and Steve Smith.[16]

History

1973–1976: Formation, Journey, and Look into the Future

The original members of Journey came together in San Francisco in 1973 under the auspices of former Santana manager Herbie Herbert. Originally called the Golden Gate Rhythm Section and intended to serve as a backup group for established Bay Area artists, the band included Santana alumni Neal Schon on lead guitar and Gregg Rolie on keyboards and lead vocals. Bassist Ross Valory and rhythm guitarist George Tickner, both of Frumious Bandersnatch, rounded out the group. Prairie Prince of The Tubes served as drummer. The band quickly abandoned the "backup group" concept and developed a distinctive jazz fusion style. After an unsuccessful radio contest to name the group, roadie John Villanueva[17] suggested the name "Journey".[18] The band's first public appearance came at the Winterland Ballroom on New Year’s Eve, 1973. Prairie Prince rejoined The Tubes shortly thereafter, and the band hired British drummer Aynsley Dunbar, who had recently worked with Frank Zappa. On February 5, 1974, the new line-up made their debut at the Great American Music Hall and secured a recording contract with Columbia Records.

Journey released their eponymous debut album in 1975, and rhythm guitarist Tickner left the band before they cut their second album, Look into the Future (1976). Neither album achieved significant sales, so Schon, Valory, and Dunbar took singing lessons in an attempt to add vocal harmonies to Rolie's lead.

1977–1980: New musical direction, Next, Infinity and Evolution

The following year's Next contained shorter tracks with more vocals, and featured Neal Schon as lead singer on two of the songs. Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties. The band hired Robert Fleischman and made the transition to a more popular style, akin to that of Foreigner and Boston. Journey went on tour with Fleischman in 1977 and together the new incarnation of the band wrote the hit "Wheel in the Sky"; however, management differences resulted in Fleischman's leaving within the year.[19][20]

In late 1977, Journey hired Steve Perry as their new lead singer. Herbie Herbert, the band's manager, also hired Roy Thomas Baker as a producer to add a layered sound approach as Baker had done with his previous band, Queen. With their new lead singer and new producer, Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978). That album was their first RIAA-certified platinum album, and with their hit song "Wheel in the Sky" (#57 U.S.), Journey set on a new path with a more mainstream sound to make their highest chart success to date.

In late 1978, manager Herbie Herbert fired Dunbar, who joined Bay Area rivals Jefferson Starship shortly thereafter.[21] He was replaced by the Berklee College of Music-trained drummer, Steve Smith, who came from a jazz background.[22] Perry, Schon, Rolie, Smith and Valory recorded Evolution (1979), which gave the band their first Billboard Hot 100 Top 20 single, "Lovin', Touchin', Squeezin'" (#16); and Departure (1980), which reached No. 8 on the album charts.

Journey's new-found success brought the band an almost entirely new fan base. During the 1980 Departure world tour, the band recorded a live album, Captured.

Keyboardist Gregg Rolie then left the band, the second time in his career he left a successful act.[23] Keyboardist Stevie "Keys" Roseman was brought in to record the lone studio track for Captured, "The Party's Over (Hopelessly in Love),"[24] but Rolie recommended pianist Jonathan Cain of The Babys as the permanent replacement. With Cain's replacement of Rolie's Hammond B-3 organ with his own synthesizers, the band was poised for a new decade in which they would achieve their greatest musical success.[25]

1981–1983: Height of popularity, Escape and Frontiers

With Cain on board, the band began writing material that would eventually lead up to Journey's biggest studio album, Escape. Recording sessions began in April 1981, and lasted until the middle of June. Escape was released on July 31, 1981, and immediately the album became a mainstream success. The album, which has thus far sold nine times platinum, went to number one on the album charts later that year, and included three top-ten hits: "Who's Cryin' Now", "Don't Stop Believin'" and "Open Arms". The last is Journey's highest-charting single to date, staying at No. 2 for six consecutive weeks and ranking at No.34 on Billboard's 1982 year-end Hot 100. MTV videotaped one of their two sold-out shows in Houston on November 6, 1981, in front of over 20,000 fans.[26]

Capitalizing on their success, the band recorded radio commercials for Budweiser and sold rights to their likenesses and music for use in two video games: the Journey arcade game by Bally/Midway and Journey Escape by Data Age for the Atari 2600.

Their success was met with criticism. The 1983 Rolling Stone Record Guide gave each of the band's albums only one star, with Dave Marsh writing that "Journey was a dead end for San Francisco area rock." Marsh later would anoint Escape as one of the worst number-one albums of all time.

Journey's next album, Frontiers (1983), continued their commercial success, reaching No. 2 on the album charts, selling nearly six million copies. The album generated four Top 40 hits: "Separate Ways (Worlds Apart)", which reached No. 8; "Faithfully", which reached No. 12; and "Send Her My Love" and "After the Fall"; both of which reached No. 23. By then, Journey had become one of the top bands in the world. During the subsequent stadium tour, the band contracted with NFL Films to record a video documentary of their life on the road, Frontiers and Beyond. Scenes from the documentary were shot at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with more than 80,000 fans in attendance.[17]

1983–1987: Raised on Radio, and more personnel changes

After the Frontiers stadium tour, Journey decided to take some time off. Lead singer Steve Perry and guitarist Neal Schon both pursued solo projects between 1982 and 1985. Schon wrote and produced the supergroup band HSAS's first and only album Through the Fire, which was released in 1984 and experienced limited success. Also in 1984, Perry released his first solo studio album Street Talk, including "Oh Sherrie" and "Foolish Heart," both of which were also released as singles and reached considerable success. "Oh Sherrie" peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #1 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart. "Foolish Heart" peaked at #18 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #2 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. Journey also released two songs previously intended for Frontiers: "Ask the Lonely", on the soundtrack to the movie Two of a Kind (1983); and "Only the Young", on the soundtrack to the movie Vision Quest (1985). "Only the Young" reached #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. When Journey finally returned to record their album Raised on Radio in 1986, bass player Ross Valory and drummer Steve Smith were fired from the band for musical and professional differences.[22][27] Bassist and future American Idol judge Randy Jackson, bassist Bob Glaub, and established drummer Larrie Londin handled the two vacant slots. The album went multi-platinum, selling over two million copies. It also produced four top 20 singles: "Be Good to Yourself" (#9), "I'll Be Alright Without You" (#14), "Girl Can't Help It" (#17) and "Suzanne" (#17). The tour featured Jackson on bass and Mike Baird on drums, and was videotaped by MTV for a documentary that included interviews with the band members. But with Perry unable or unwilling to remain actively involved (he had by this point begun to experience the beginnings of serious vocal injury, although it is unclear whether this or personal and professional differences led to his distancing himself), the band cancelled the rest of the tour and went on an extended, indefinite hiatus.[28][29]

1987–1995: Hiatus

Schon and Cain spent the rest of 1987 collaborating with artists such as Jimmy Barnes and Michael Bolton before teaming up with Cain's ex-Babys bandmates John Waite and Ricky Phillips to form the supergroup Bad English with drummer Deen Castronovo in 1988. Steve Smith devoted his time to his jazz bands, Vital Information and Steps Ahead, and teamed up with Ross Valory and original Journey keyboardist Gregg Rolie to create The Storm with singer Kevin Chalfant and guitarist Josh Ramos. On November 3, 1991, Schon, Cain, and Perry re-united to play several songs at the Bill Graham tribute concert. In 1993, Schon, Rolie, Valory, Dunbar, Smith, and Cain reunited and performed at a roast for their manager Herbie Herbert, with Kevin Chalfant on lead vocals.[30][31][32]

After the breakup of Bad English in 1991, Schon and Castronovo formed the glam metal band Hardline with brothers Johnny and Joey Gioeli, before joining Paul Rodgers' backing band in 1994. Cain spent the next few years focusing on his solo career.

Between 1987 and 1995, Columbia Records released three Journey compilations, including the 1988 greatest hits album, which remains the band's best-selling record. It continues to sell 500,000 to 1,000,000 copies per year. By December 2008, it was the sixth best-selling greatest hits package in the United States,[33] and by 2014 had spent 300 weeks on the Billboard 200 (one of only five albums to do so).

1995–1997: Reunion and Trial by Fire

In 1995, the Escape and Frontiers lineup (Perry, Schon, Cain, Valory and Smith) re-united under new management, signing with Irving Azoff, longtime Eagles manager. Trial by Fire, released in 1996, included the hit single "When You Love a Woman", which reached No. 12 on the Billboard charts, ranked at No. 36 on the 1996 year-end Hot 100, and was nominated in 1997 for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.[34] The album also produced three top 40 mainstream rock tracks, "Message of Love" reaching No. 18, "Can't Tame the Lion" reaching No. 33, and "If He Should Break Your Heart" reaching No. 38.[35]

Plans for a subsequent tour ended when Perry, troubled by pain while hiking in Hawaii in the summer of 1997, discovered he had a degenerative bone condition and could not perform without hip replacement surgery—which for some time he declined to undergo.[36][37] He later announced that he was permanently leaving the band. In 1998, Schon and Cain decided to seek a new lead singer, at which point drummer Steve Smith left the band as well.[37]

1998–2007: Lead singer and drummer replaced, Arrival, and Generations
Journey in 2002: Steve Augeri, Jonathan Cain, Ross Valory, Deen Castronovo and Neal Schon

In 1998, after auditioning several high-profile candidates, including Geoff Tate and John West,[38] Journey replaced Perry with Steve Augeri, formerly of Tyketto and Tall Stories. The band hired drummer Deen Castronovo, Schon's and Cain's Bad English bandmate and drummer for Hardline, to replace Steve Smith. In 2000, the band released their next studio album, Arrival in Japan. A US release followed in 2001. "All the Way" became a minor adult contemporary hit from the album. In 2002, the band released a four-track CD titled Red 13, with an album cover design chosen through a fan contest. In 2005, the band was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame, embarked on their 30th anniversary tour, and released their twelfth full-length studio album, Generations, in which each band member performed lead vocals on at least one song.

In July 2006, Steve Augeri was dropped from the band while they toured with Def Leppard, the official site referring to a "chronic throat infection." Augeri had been suffering from vocal attrition problems since 2003 and Journey had been accused of using pre-recorded lead vocals,[39] an accusation that former manager Herbie Herbert insists was true.[32] For nearly a year, Jeff Scott Soto from Talisman filled in with the band for several months referring to him as their official lead singer. However, in June 2007, the band announced that Soto was no longer with them.[40][41] That spring, HBO aired the finale of the series The Sopranos, concluding with Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'" emanating from a diner jukebox. Without a lead singer, the band found itself unable to tour to capitalize on the heightened nostalgia for 1980s music demonstrated by the series.

2007–2014: Lead singer replaced again, Revelation and Eclipse

In the summer of 2007, Jonathan Cain and Neal Schon began searching YouTube for a new lead singer. They auditioned Jeremey Hunsicker of the Journey tribute band Frontiers, with whom they co-wrote "Never Walk Away", for their next album.[42][43] Ultimately the band hired another YouTube find, Filipino singer Arnel Pineda of the cover band The Zoo.[44] Although Pineda was not the first foreign national to become a member of Journey (former drummer Aynsley Dunbar is British), nor even the first non-Caucasian (bass player Randy Jackson is African-American), the transition resulted in what Marin Independent Journal writer Paul Liberatore called "an undercurrent of racism among some Journey fans". Keyboardist Jonathan Cain responded to such sentiments: "We've become a world band. We're international now. We're not about one color."[45]

Journey's first album with Pineda, Revelation, debuted at No. 5 on the Billboard charts, selling more than 196,000 units in its first two weeks and staying in the top 20 for six weeks.[46] As a multi-disc set (2-CD) each unit within that set counts as one sale.[47] Journey also found success on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart where the single "After All These Years" spent over 23 weeks, peaking at No. 9.[48] Receipts from the 2008 tour made Journey one of the top-grossing concert tours of the year, bringing in over $35,000,000.[49] On December 18, 2008, Revelation was certified platinum by RIAA.[50][51] The band's second album with Pineda, Eclipse, was released on May 24, 2011, and debuted at No. 13 on the Billboard 200 chart.[52] In 2011, the band also released Greatest Hits 2.[53]

In 2011, Journey was awarded the prestigious "Legend of Live Award" at the Billboard Touring Awards.[54]

2015–present: Further lineup changes and lawsuits

In June 2015, Deen Castronovo was arrested following a domestic altercation.[55][56] He was fired by Journey in August[57][56] and was ultimately replaced by Omar Hakim on the band's 2015 tour.[55] In 2016, Steve Smith again returned as Journey's drummer, re-uniting all of the members of the Escape-Frontiers-Trial by Fire lineup except lead singer Steve Perry.[58] In 2018, Journey topped the Billboard Hot Tours List for grossing more than $30 million over 17 shows.[59]

On March 3, 2020, Schon and Cain fired Smith and Valory and sued them for an alleged "attempted corporate coup d'état," seeking damages in excess of $10 million. The lawsuit alleged Smith and Valory tried to "assume control of Nightmare Productions because they incorrectly believe that Nightmare Productions controls the Journey name and Mark" in order to "hold the Journey name hostage and set themselves up with a guaranteed income stream after they stop performing." Valory and Smith contested the firings, with the support of former manager Herbie Herbert and former lead singer Steve Perry. Court filings revealed that Steve Perry had been paid as a member of the band for years despite not performing. In an open letter dated that same day, Schon and Cain stated Smith and Valory "are no longer members of Journey; and that Schon and Cain have lost confidence in both of them and are not willing to perform with them again."[60][61] Valory counter-sued Schon and Cain, among other things, for their partnership's claim of owning the Journey trademark and service mark (collectively known as the mark), when that partnership, Elmo Partners, was only the licensee of the mark from 1985 to 1994, when the license was terminated by Herbie Herbert of Nightmare Productions, owners of the mark and name. Valory also seeks protection against Schon from using any similarities of the Journey mark and name for his side project, Neal Schon – Journey Through Time.[62] That May, Schon and Cain announced that former Journey bass player Randy Jackson would join drummer Narada Michael Walden and additional keyboardist Jason Derlatka as members of Journey.[63]

On June 17, 2020, Schon posted on his Instagram page that a new Journey album was "starting to take shape".[64] He subsequently announced the band's intentions to release a single in the summer.[65]

After featuring the members of the band in various poses for the first three studio albums, in 1980 Journey adopted the logo of the scarab beetle, a symbol borrowed from Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Band members

Current members

  • Neal Schon – lead guitar, backing vocals (1973–1987, 1991, 1995–present)
  • Ross Valory‡ – bass, backing vocals (1973–1985, 1995–present)
  • Steve Smith‡ – drums (1979-1986, 1995-1996, 2015–present)
  • Jonathan Cain – keyboards, backing vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica (1980–1987, 1991, 1995–present)
  • Randy Jackson‡ – bass, backing vocals (1985–1987, 2020–present)
  • Arnel Pineda – lead vocals (2007–present)
  • Jason Derlatka – backup keyboards, backing vocals (2020–present)
  • Narada Michael Walden‡ – drums (2020–present)

‡Pending resolution of lawsuit.

Over the years, Journey songs have been heard or referred to in numerous films, television series, video games, and even on Broadway. The band's songs have been covered by multiple artists and adopted by sports teams. In particular, "Don't Stop Believin'" was heard in the final episode of The Sopranos, adapted by the television series Glee, sung by the Family Guy cast, adopted as the unofficial anthem of the 2005 Chicago White Sox and 2010 San Francisco Giants World Series championship teams, performed by The Chipmunks in their album Undeniable (2008), and sung by the cast of the Broadway musical Rock of Ages.[66][67] During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, "Don't Stop Believin'" was used as an anthem for patients who were being discharged from New York Presbyterian Queens Hospital and Henry Ford Health System after defeating the virus.[68][69] On March 8, 2013, a documentary, Don’t Stop Believin’: Everyman’s Journey, was released. The movie, directed by Ramona S. Diaz, chronicles the discovery of Arnel Pineda and his first year with Journey.[70][71]

Discography
Main article: Journey discography

Studio albums

See also

References
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