José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral

José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral (b. 1808 - d. 14 December 1873, Portuguese Mozambique) was a Portuguese noble who served as a colonial administrator and soldier in the Portuguese Empire. He is best known for his roles as the two time Governor of Angola and the Governor of Macau and Governor of Mozambique.[1] Coelho do Amaral further served Portugal as the plenipotentiary minister to China.

José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral
Governor of Angola
In office
1854–1860
Preceded byMiguel Ximenes Gomes Rodrigues Sandoval de Castro e Viegas
Succeeded byCarlos Augusto Franco
In office
1869–1870
Preceded byFrancisco António Gonçalves Cardoso
Succeeded byJoaquim José da Graça
Governor of Macau
In office
22 June 1863  26 October 1866
Preceded byIsidoro Francisco Guimarães
Succeeded byJosé Maria da Ponte e Horta
Governors-General of Mozambique
In office
August 1870  December 1873
Preceded byInácio A. Alves
Succeeded byJosé Manuel Crispiniano da Fonseca
Personal details
Born(1808-05-15)May 15, 1808
Lisbon, Portugal
DiedDecember 14, 1873(1873-12-14) (aged 65)
Island of Mozambique, Portuguese Mozambique
NationalityPortuguese
Chinese name
Chinese阿穆恩
Macao Street sign of Estrada de Coelho Do Amaral.

Biography

José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral was born to a Portuguese noble family in 1808.

At an early age he joined the military. He became a military engineer, rapidly climbing the ranks to notably become the Colonel of the Corps of Engineers and then a General.

His first major posting came in 1854 when he was made the Governor of Angola, a post he held until 1860.

Three years later on 22 June 1863, he was nominated as Governor of Macau, a posting that lasted until 1866. He was instrumental in shaping the modern day city through his many works. One of his first major acts as governor was the demolition of the Convento de São Francisco, building in its place a barracks for the 1st Battalion of the Line, a project completed on 30 December 1866. He later expanded the project that would later become the Forte de São Francisco. After its destruction, the barracks was rebuilt in 1937. Near the convent there was a wooded area called Campo de S. Francisco. Coelho do Amaral turned this field into garden, closing it with a balustrade, which has long since disappeared. Ordered the construction of a road between the harbor and the Mong Ha Siege. He resumed construction of the fort at Mong Ha, built Macau's first garden promenade, and ordered the construction of the lighthouse Guide there in 1865, the first ever built in Asia. He was further instrumental in resolving health problems throughout the territory.[2][3]

He was again named governor in Portuguese Angola where he was in office from 1869 - 1870.[4][5][6]

His last governorship was as the Governor of Mozambique, a post he was in from August 1870 to his death in December 1873.

Death and legacy

José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral died in Mozambique on 14 December 1873.[7] He was sepulchered at the Capela de Nossa Senhora do Baluarte. After his death he received various honors and awards from both the Portuguese monarchy and the Qing ruling dynasty.

In Macau, there are various streets named after Coelho do Amaral, including one of the main roads in Taipa, the Estrada Coelho do Amaral. The Taipa Museum of History contains a portrait of the governor.[8]

References

  1. "José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral: 1863-66". Macau Antigo (in Portuguese). 31 July 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  2. "José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral: 1863-66". Macau Antigo (in Portuguese). 31 July 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  3. 中国社会科学院近代史研究所翻译室 (1981). 《近代来华外国人名辞典》 (in Chinese). 中国社会科学出版社.
  4. Rulers.org - Angola
  5. worldstatesmen.org - Angolal
  6. African States and Rulers, John Stewart, McFarland
  7. "José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral" (in Portuguese). Geneall.
  8. "José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral: 1863-66". Macau Antigo (in Portuguese). 31 July 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
Political offices
Preceded by
Miguel Ximenez Rodrigues Sandoval de Castro e Vargas

Governor of Angola

18541860
Succeeded by
Carlos Augusto Franco
Preceded by
Isidoro Francisco Guimarães

Governor of Macau

18631866
Succeeded by
José Maria da Ponte e Horta
Preceded by
Francisco António Gonçalves Cardoso (Provisional)

Governor of Angola

18691870
Succeeded by
Joaquim José da Graça (Provisional)
José Maria da Ponte e Horta
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