Pratt & Whitney J57
The Pratt & Whitney J57 (company designation: JT3C) is an axial-flow turbojet engine developed by Pratt & Whitney in the early 1950s. The J57 (first run January 1950[1]) was the first 10,000 lbf (45 kN) thrust class engine in the United States. The J57/JT3C was developed into the J75/JT4A turbojet, JT3D/TF33 turbofan, and PT5/T57 turboprop (of which only one was built).[2]
| J57 / JT3C | |
|---|---|
 | |
| YJ57-P-3 cut-away demonstrator at USAF Museum | |
| Type | Turbojet |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Pratt & Whitney |
| First run | 1950 |
| Major applications | Boeing 707 Boeing B-52 Stratofortress Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker Douglas DC-8 North American F-100 Super Sabre Vought F-8 Crusader McDonnell F-101 Voodoo |
| Number built | 21,170 built |
| Developed from | Pratt & Whitney XT45 |
| Variants | JT3D/TF33 |
| Developed into | Pratt & Whitney J52/JT8A Pratt & Whitney J75/JT4A Pratt & Whitney XT57/PT5 |
Design and development
The J57 was a development of the Pratt & Whitney XT45 (PT4) turboprop engine that was originally intended for the Boeing XB-52. As the B-52 power requirements grew, the design evolved into a turbojet, the JT3.
The J57 used titanium alloys and the Ti-150 alloy used in the mid 1950s suffered hydrogen embrittlement[3]:412 until the problem was understood.
The prestigious Collier Trophy for 1952 was awarded to Leonard S. Hobbs, Chief Engineer of United Aircraft Corporation, for "designing and producing the P&W J57 turbojet engine".[4]
On May 25, 1953, a J57-powered YF-100A exceeded Mach 1 on its first flight. The engine was produced from 1951 to 1965 with a total of 21,170 built.
Variants
Data from:Aircraft Engines of the World 1964/65[5], Aircraft engines of the World 1957[6]
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Derivatives
Applications
J57s on a B-52D
JT3Cs installed on a Boeing 707-123
Pratt & Whitney JT3 (1/4th scale)
- J57 (Military)
- Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
- Boeing C-135 Stratolifter and KC-135 Stratotanker
- Convair F-102 Delta Dagger
- Convair YB-60
- Douglas A3D Skywarrior
- Douglas F4D Skyray
- Douglas F5D Skylancer
- Lockheed U-2
- Martin B-57 Canberra
- McDonnell F-101 Voodoo
- North American F-100 Super Sabre
- Northrop SM-62 Snark
- Vought F-8 Crusader
- JT3C (Civilian)
Engines on display
- A J57 cutaway is on display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT.[10]
- A J57 cutaway is on public display at the Aerospace Museum of California. It is s/n 35 used on the XB-52 program.
Specifications (J57-P-23)
Pratt & Whitney J57 turbojet
Data from
General characteristics
- Type: Afterburning turbojet
- Length: 244 in (6197.6mm)
- Diameter: 39 in (990.6mm)
- Dry weight: 5,175 lb (2,347 kg)
Components
- Compressor: Two-spool 16-stage axial compressor
Performance
- Maximum thrust: 11,700 lbf (52.0 kN) dry, 17,200 lbf (76.5 kN) with afterburner
- Overall pressure ratio: 11.5:1
- Air mass flow: 165 lb/s (75 kg/s) at maximum power
- Turbine inlet temperature: 1,600 °F (870 °C)
- Specific fuel consumption: 2.10 lb/(lbf⋅h) (59 g/(kN⋅s)) with afterburner
- Thrust-to-weight ratio: 3.32
Specifications (JT3C-7)
Data from Flight [11]
General characteristics
- Type: civil turbojet
- Length: 155in (3937mm)
- Diameter: 39in (990.6mm)
- Dry weight: 4200lb (1905kg)
Components
- Compressor: all-axial, 9-stage LP compressor, 7-stage HP compressor
- Combustors: cannular, 8 flame tubes
- Turbine: all-axial, single stage HP turbine, 2-stage LP turbine
Performance
- Maximum thrust: 12030 lbf (53.5 kN) @ take-off, SLS, ISA
- Overall pressure ratio: 12.5:1
- Air mass flow: 180 lb/s (81.65 kg/s)
- Specific fuel consumption: 0.785 lb/(lbf⋅h) (22.2 g/(kN⋅s)) @ take-off, SLS, ISA; and 0.909 lb/(lbf⋅h) (25.7 g/(kN⋅s)) @ max cruise 3,550 pounds-force (15.8 kN), M0.85, 35,000 ft (11,000 m), ISA
- Thrust-to-weight ratio: 3.44
See also
Related development
- Pratt & Whitney JT8A/J52
- Pratt & Whitney JT4A/J75
- Pratt & Whitney JT3D/TF33
- Pratt & Whitney XT57/PT5
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
Notes
- The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History" Jack Connors, AIAA Inc. 2010, ISBN 978-1-60086-711-8, p. 225
- Gunston, p.167
- "Iroquois" a 1957 Flight article
- "Collier Trophy". www.aerofiles.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
- Wilkinson, Paul H. (1964). Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65 (19th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd.
- Wilkinson, Paul H. (1957). Aircraft engines of the World 1957 (15th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 82–83.
- Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
- Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958. Sampson Low, Marston & Company. p. 444. OCLC 852161925.
- "First Douglas C-132 Details". Aviation Week. Vol. 65 no. 17. October 22, 1956. p. 35. ISSN 0005-2175.
- http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&layout=edit&id=1059 "Pratt & Whitney J57 (JTC3) Cutaway"
- Flightglobal archive - Flight International, 27 November 1953 Retrieved: 04 March 2017
Bibliography
- Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
- Connors, Jack (2010). The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History. Reston. Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ISBN 978-1-60086-711-8.
- Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979. ISBN 0-370-00050-1.
- Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pratt & Whitney J57. |
- Pratt & Whitney History page on the J57/JT3
- Pratt & Whitney J57 Turbojet – National Museum of the United States Air Force
- Bill Gunston (November 27, 1953). "Two-Spool Turbo-Wasp". Flight magazine. pp. 697–699. ISSN 0015-3710.
- Pratt & Whitney Aircraft (April 15, 1957). "Aircraft Power - in Whatever Form It Takes". Aviation Week. Vol. 66 no. 15. pp. 60–61. ISSN 0005-2175.
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