Italian cruiser Coatit

Coatit was 91.6 meters (300 ft 6 in) long overall and had a beam of 9.32 m (30 ft 7 in) and a draft of 3.54 m (11 ft 7 in). She displaced up to 1,292 long tons (1,313 t) at full load. Her propulsion system consisted of a pair of horizontal triple-expansion steam engines each driving a single screw propeller, with steam supplied by eight Blechynden water-tube boilers. Her engines were rated at 8,215 indicated horsepower (6,126 kW) and produced a top speed of 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph). The ship had a cruising radius of about 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). She had a crew of between 153–185.[1]

Coatit was armed with a main battery of twelve 76 mm (3 in) L/40 guns mounted singly. She was also equipped with two 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes. The ship was only lightly armored, with a 20 mm (0.79 in) thick deck.[1]

The keel for Coatit was laid down at the Castellammare shipyard on 8 April 1897 and her completed hull was launched on 15 November 1899. After completing fitting-out work, the new cruiser was commissioned into the Italian fleet on 1 October 1900.[1] She proved to be too slow and short-legged to be useful as a fleet scout, which limited her active duty career.[1] She served in the main fleet in 1903–1904, during which time the fleet was kept in a state of readiness for seven months. For the remaining five months, the ships had reduced crews.[2] In 1904, the ship was transferred to the Red Sea and stationed in Italy's colony in Eritrea along with the corvette Cristoforo Colombo, the gunboat Volturno, and the aviso Galileo.[3] Coatit was assigned to the hostile force that was tasked with simulating an attempt to land troops on Sicily during the 1908 fleet maneuvers.[4]

At the outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire in September 1911, Coatit was stationed in the 4th Division of the 2nd Squadron, under Rear Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel, the commander of the division.[5] Coatit protected several battleships and armored cruisers while they bombarded the defenses of Tripoli on 3–4 October. Coatit, the armored cruiser Varese, and sixteen destroyers were tasked with patrolling the flanks of the bombardment force to prevent a surprise attack by the Ottoman Navy, which did not materialize.[6] On 15 October, Coatit and her sister joined the battleship Napoli, the armored cruisers Pisa, Amalfi, and San Marco, three destroyers, and several troop transports for an attack on the port of Derna. Negotiators were sent ashore to attempt to secure the surrender of the garrison, which was refused. Napoli and the armored cruisers bombarded the Ottoman positions throughout the day, and on 18 October the Ottomans withdrew, allowing the Italian troops to come ashore and take possession of the port. The fleet remained offshore and helped to repel Ottoman counterattacks over the following two weeks.[7] On 3 October 1912, Coatit bombarded the port of Kalkan. She thereafter shelled an Ottoman infantry battalion in the area, which fled; she nevertheless continued to fire on the retreating troops, expending around 200 rounds during the attack. The French cruiser Bruix was nearby and witnessed the attack, which her commander protested as a breach of international law.[8]

Coatit was among an international force that entered the Ottoman capital city, Constantinople, during the First Balkan War in November 1912, less than a month after the end of the Italo-Turkish War. She and the battleship Emanuele Filiberto entered the straits on 11 November, along with the French armored cruisers Victor Hugo and Léon Gambetta, where they joined a pair of British cruisers. Warships from Germany, including the battlecruiser Goeben, Russia—the battleship Rostislav—and Spain arrived thereafter. The ships put a force of about 3,000 men ashore to protect their nationals, though by the end of the month, the Bulgarian advance on the city had been halted. The international fleet nevertheless remained in the Sea of Marmara for a time until it was withdrawn to the island of Crete and subsequently dispersed.[9] Coatit was converted into a minelayer in 1919. Eight of the 76 mm guns and her torpedo tubes were removed and a pair of 120 mm (4.7 in) L/40 guns were installed. She served only briefly in this role and she was sold to ship breakers on 11 June 1920.[1]

• Beehler, William Henry (1913). The History of the Italian-Turkish War: September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute. OCLC 1408563.
• Brassey, Thomas A., ed. (1908). The Naval Annual. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co. OCLC 5973345. Missing or empty |title= (help)
• Garbett, H., ed. (1903). Journal of the Royal United Service Institution. London: J. J. Keliher & Co. XLVII. OCLC 8007941. Missing or empty |title= (help)
• Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
• "Naval Notes". Journal of the Royal United Service Institution. London: J. J. Keliher & Co. XLVIII (322): 1418–1434. 1904. doi:10.1080/03071840409418646. OCLC 8007941.
• Willmott, H. P. (2009). The Last Century of Sea Power (Volume 1, From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35214-9.