Islamophobia in China

Islamophobia in China refers to the set of discourses, behaviours and structures which express feelings of anxiety, fear, hostility and rejection towards Islam and/or Muslims in China.[1][2] In general, Islamophobia can manifest itself through discrimination in the workforce, negative coverage in the media, and violence against Muslims.

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Causes

Anti-Muslim sentiment has also been spurred by media segments aired in China, which often portray Muslims as dangerous and prone to terrorism, or as recipients of disproportionate aid from the government.[3]

A 2017 Associated Press report described Islamophobic rhetoric in online social media posts due to perceived injustices regarding the Muslim minority advantages in college admissions and exemptions from family-size limits.[4] In 2018, a South China Morning Post article similarly described online Islamophobia in China as "becoming increasingly widespread" particularly due to news of instiutional preferential treatment for Muslim minorities and news of terrorist attacks in Xinjiang[5] The trend is generally focused on platforms like WeChat and Sina Weibo.[6]

Affirmative action
Main article: Affirmative action in China

From 1979 to 2015, families of the ethnic majority Han Chinese were limited to having at most one child by the one-child policy. However, the Chinese government officially allowed minority parents to have more than one child per family.[7][8] Rena Singer of Knight-Ridder Newspapers wrote that "In practice, many minority families simply have as many children as they want."[9] With the change of the one-child policy to the two-child policy in 2015, minority families are still exempt from the limit.[4]

No taxes in minority regions are required to be sent to the central government; all of it can be spent locally.[9] Minorities receive proportional representation in local government[9] and often receive infrastructural subsidies such as personnel training, budgetary subventions, and disproportionate public works investments in return for natural resources.[10][11] The Chinese government encourages business to hire minorities and offers no-interest loans to businesses operated by minorities.[10][9]

See also

Further reading
  • "China's repression of Islam is spreading beyond Xinjiang". The Economist. 2019-09-26. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2019-11-10.

References
  1. Richardson, Robin (2012), Islamophobia or anti-Muslim racism – or what? – concepts and terms revisited (PDF), p. 7, archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-25, retrieved 10 December 2016
  2. Hogan, Linda; Lehrke, Dylan (2009). Religion and politics of Peace and Conflict. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 205. ISBN 9781556350672. Archived from the original on 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  3. Luqiu, Rose; Yang, Fan. "Analysis | Anti-Muslim sentiment is on the rise in China. We found that the Internet fuels — and fights — this". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2019-02-26. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  4. "Unfettered online hate speech fuels Islamophobia in China". AP NEWS. 2017-04-10. Archived from the original on 2019-10-19. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  5. "Chinese man jailed for Koran burning as Islamaphobia spreads online". South China Morning Post. 2018-10-25. Archived from the original on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  6. "After New Zealand massacre, Islamophobia spreads on Chinese social media". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  7. The World; Affirmative Action, Chinese Style, Makes Some Progress Archived 2016-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, Nicholas D. Kristof, March 31, 1991
  8. Park, Chai Bin (1990). "A Minority Group and China's One-Child Policy: The Case of the Koreans". Studies in Family Planning. 21 (3): 161–170. doi:10.2307/1966715. JSTOR 1966715.
  9. Singer, Rena. "China's Minorities Get Huge Affirmative-Action Benefits." (Archive) Knight-Ridder Newspapers at The Seattle Times. Tuesday August 26, 1997. Retrieved on January 4, 2014.
  10. Hill, Ann Maxwell and Minglang Zhou. "Introduction." In: Zhou, Minglang and Ann Maxwell Hill (editors). Affirmative Action in China and the U.S.: A Dialogue on Inequality and Minority Education. Palgrave Macmillan, October 13, 2009. ISBN 0230100929, 9780230100923. Pages 8 Archived 2014-07-07 at the Wayback Machine-14.
  11. Sautman, p. 78.
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