Innocenti

Innocenti (Italian pronunciation: [innoˈtʃɛnti]) was an Italian machinery works originally established by Ferdinando Innocenti in 1920. Over the years they produced Lambretta scooters as well as a range of automobiles, mainly of British Leyland origins. The brand was retired in 1996, six years after being acquired by Fiat.

For the surname, see Innocenti (surname).
Innocenti
IndustryAutomotive
FateScooter sector (independent company) in 1971, car production 1993, using marque 1996
Founded1947
FounderFerdinando Innocenti 
Defunct1997
HeadquartersMilan, Italy
Key people
Ferdinando Innocenti, founder
ProductsAutomobiles
ParentDe Tomaso, then Fiat (FCA Italy)

History

After World War II, the company was famous for many years for Lambretta scooters models such as LI125, LI150, TV175, TV200, SX125, SX150, SX200, GP125, GP150 and GP200.

From 1961 to 1976 Innocenti built under licence the BMC (later the British Leyland Motor Corporation / BLMC) Mini, with 848, 998 cc and 1,275 cc engines, followed by other models, including, from 1973, the Regent (Allegro), with engines up to 1,485 cc. The company of this era is commonly called Leyland Innocenti. The Innocenti Spyder (1961–70) was a rebodied version of the Austin-Healey MKII Sprite (styling by Ghia). The car was produced by OSI, near Milan. In 1972 BLMC took over control of the company.

In 1972 the company's land, buildings and equipment were purchased by British Leyland in a deal involving approximately £3 million.[1] The British company had high hopes for its newly acquired subsidiary at a time when, they reported to the UK press, Italian Innocenti sales were second only to those of Fiat, and ahead of Volkswagen and Renault:[1] there was talk of further increasing annual production from 56,452 in 1971 to 100,000. However, the peak production under BLMC was 62,834 in 1972, in spite of exports increasing from one car in 1971 to more than 17,000 in 1974.[2] Demonstrating their ambitions, the British company installed as managing director one of their youngest UK based senior executives, the 32-year-old former financial controller Geoffrey Robinson.[1] Three years later BLMC ran out of money and was nationalised by the UK government.

Innocenti I4

In February 1976, the company passed to Alejandro de Tomaso and was reorganised by the De Tomaso Group under the name Nuova Innocenti. Benelli had a share and British Leyland retained five percent, with De Tomaso owning forty-four percent with the aid of a rescue plan from GEPI (an Italian public agency intended to provide investment for troubled corporations).[3] Management was entirely De Tomaso's responsibility, however, and later in 1976 GEPI and De Tomaso combined their 95% of Innocenti (and all of Maserati) into one new holding company.[4]

However, with the loss of the original Mini, the Austin I5, and the (slow-selling) Regent, sales were in freefall. Production was nearly halved in 1975 and was down to about a fifth of the 1974 levels in 1976. After this crisis, however, the new Bertone-bodied Mini began selling more strongly and production climbed to a steady 40,000 per annum by the end of the 1970s.[2] The first models had Bertone-designed five-seater bodywork and was available with Leyland's 998 cc and 1,275 cc engines.

Exports, which had been carried out mainly by British Leyland's local concessionaires, began drying up in the early eighties as BL did not want to see internal competition from the Innocenti Mini. Sales to France (Innocenti's biggest export market) ended in 1980, with German sales coming to a halt in 1982.[5] Around the same time, the engine deal with Leyland ended, and production soon dropped into the low twenty thousands. Having lost their engine supply as well as their entire export dealer net, Innocenti found themselves without a product and the means of selling it.

However, Daihatsu of Japan were in need of a European partner. In addition to providing drivetrains, Daihatsu gave Innocenti access to their burgeoning sales network, entering France, Belgium, and Switzerland at first. Daihatsu gained access to the Italian market, and a means of entry into other European nations with steep barriers for Japanese-made cars. That Innocenti, like Daihatsu, was a small-car specialist only made the marriage even more suitable.[6] And so it was that, from model year 1983 on, the Innocenti was completely reengineered, now using the Daihatsu Charade's 993 cc three-cylinder engine and an entirely new suspension. The appearance did not change in the least, in spite of it being, in essence, a new car.[6] De Tomaso developed a turbocharged version of this engine for Daihatsu which found use in both Innocenti and Daihatsu cars.[7]

In addition to building their own cars, De Tomaso also had Innocenti use their factory capacity in producing bodywork for and providing final assembly of the Maserati Biturbo,[7] Quattroporte, and the Chrysler TC by Maserati. As production kept decreasing, and prices vis-à-vis competing Fiat products increased, Innocenti attempted to stay relevant by adding ever higher and more individual equipment.[8] Innocenti kept building their own cars until early 1993. Beginning in 1990, when Fiat took over, Innocenti also sold Yugo's Koral and Brazilian-sourced versions of the Fiat Uno (Elba station wagon and Uno Mille) in the Italian market.[9] The marque ended when sales of these rebadged models came to a halt in 1996.[10]

2018 Relaunch

The Lambretta scooter was relaunched once again at the EICMA Milan Motorcycle Expo in November 2017.[11] After the purchase of the Lambretta branding by Innocenti SA, now a Swiss consortium, a new scooter model was designed and launched. This was the V-special, available in 50 to 125 to 200cc enigne sizes, and designed to meet Euro 4 standards. The scooter was designed in Austria by Austrian firm Kiska, but produced in Asia. It saw exports to Australia, Philippines, Europe, the US, and UK.[12] The company plans to reintroduce classic models at a later date.[13][14] Lambretta are developing production facilities in India, teaming up with Lohia Auto of Noida and the Bird Group of New Delhi. There are plans to launch an electric scooter in 2020.[15]

List of Innocenti vehicles
Innocenti A40
Innocenti 950-S spider
Innocenti C coupe
Innocenti Koral Cabrio 65
  • 1945–1971 Lambretta (motorscooter)
  • 1960–1967 A40/A40S Berlina/Combinata – hatchback Austin A40 Farina
  • 1961–1968 950/1100 Spider – roadster based on Austin-Healey Sprite with original body designed by Ghia
  • 1963–1974 IM3/IM3S/Austin I4/I5 – rebadged sedan BMC ADO16 (Austin/Morris 1100)
  • 1963 Innocenti 186 GT – prototype of a coupé with a 1.8-litre Ferrari V6 engine
  • 1965–1975 Mini – rebadged sedans and station wagons BMC ADO15 (Mini)
  • 1966–1968[16] Innocenti C – a coupé, based on the Austin-Healey Sprite and powered by a 1098 cc four-cylinder engine.[17] 795 examples were built.[16]
  • 1973–1976 Regent – sedan Austin Allegro
  • 1974–1982 Innocenti Mini 90L and 120L – Bertone rebodied Mini
  • 1976–1987 Innocenti Mini de Tomaso – sport version of Innocenti Mini developed by de Tomaso, initially equipped with BLMC 1275 engine, since 1982 with 1.0-litre 3-cylinder turbocharged Daihatsu engine
  • 1982–1992 3-Cilindri/Minitre/650/500 – further development of Innocenti Mini with Daihatsu 3-cylinder and 2-cylinder engines
  • 1986–1992 Mini 990 – longer version of Innocenti Mini with 1.0-litre 3-cylinder Daihatsu engine
  • 1991–1993 Koral – Yugo Koral rebadged for the Italian market
  • 1991–1996 Innocenti Elba – Re-badged version of the Brazilian Fiat Elba, which was based on the Fiat Uno (previously sold as Fiat Duna Weekend)
  • 1994–1996 Mille – Brazilian Fiat Mille for Italian market (not to be confused with the "Mini Mille" version manufactured between 1980–1982) (previously sold as Fiat Uno CS)
  • 1995-1997 Mille Clip - Polish Fiat Uno (second series) for Italian Market.

Production
Year[n 1] 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975
Production 35,967[18] 46,026[18] 47,760 50,630 61,950 62,834 58,471 60,711 33,061
Exports 10 1 1 205 6,690 17,421 11,003
Year 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985
Production 12,789 38,120 40,719 39,991[19] 39,770[19] 23,187[20] 21,646[20] 13,688[21] 17,151[21] 15,218[22]
Exports 754 10,169 8,862
Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Production 12,687[22] 10,443[23] 10,331[24] 10,100[25] 4,221[25] 10,550[26] 8,600[27] 0[27]

References
  1. 1969–1978 production and export numbers are from Quattroruote, March 1979.[2]
  1. Garnier, Peter, ed. (11 May 1972). "Worldwide news and comment: Innocenti under the BL wing". Autocar. 136 (3969): 3.
  2. Mazzocchi, Gianni, ed. (March 1979). "Il bilancio è migliore di quanto dicano le cifre ufficiali" [The Results Are Better Than the Official Figures Say]. Quattroruote (in Italian). 24 (280): 125.
  3. Norbye, Jan P (1980), De Tomaso Pantera: '351' V8 Pantera, L, GTS, Gr3, GT4, London, UK: Osprey Publishing, p. 123, ISBN 978-0-85045-382-9
  4. Norbye, p. 124
  5. Heitz, Rudolf, ed. (1983). Auto Katalog 1984 (in German). 27. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. pp. 245, 247.
  6. De Leener, Philippe (1983-03-10). "Le début d'une association fructueuse?" [The beginning of a fruitful relationship?]. Le Moniteur de l'Automobile (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Editions Auto-Magazine. 34 (764): 18.
  7. Heitz, Rudolf, ed. (1985-08-01). Auto Katalog 1986 (in German). 29. Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 104. 81530/85001.
  8. Heitz, Rudolf, ed. (1987). Auto Katalog 1988 (in German). 31. Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 125.
  9. Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (5 March 1992). Automobil Revue 1992 (in German and French). 87. Hallwag AG. p. 316. ISBN 978-3-444-00539-8.
  10. "Innocenti". Austin-rover.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-10-01. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  11. "Ropali brings Lambretta" Business Mirror, 28 June 2018
  12. Acescooters - Lambretta https://acescooters.com.au/scooters/lambretta/
  13. Lambretta Scooters australia mcnews https://www.mcnews.com.au/lambretta-scooters-australia/
  14. "lambretta-announces-scooter-prices/" motorbikewriter https://motorbikewriter.com/lambretta-announces-scooter-prices/
  15. "Lambretta EV World Launch at Auto Expo 2020" Bike India 1 February 2019
  16. "The Innocenti "C"". www.innocentispider.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-19.
  17. History and Specifications, www.innocentispyder.com Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 19 March 2014
  18. Gloor, Roger (13 March 1969). Braunschweig, Robert (ed.). "Die Personenwagen-Weltproduktion 1968/La production mondiale de voitures en 1968" [The world's car production 1968]. Automobil Revue - Katalognummer 1969/Revue Automobile - Numéro Catalogue 1969 (in German and French). 64: 526.
  19. Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 251.
  20. Auto Katalog 1984, p. 243
  21. Auto Katalog 1986, p. 252
  22. Auto Katalog 1988, p. 289
  23. Dackevall, Gunnar, ed. (1988). BilKatalogen 1989 (Swedish edition of German Auto Katalog) (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden: PM Press AB. p. 261. 0284-365X.
  24. Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (8 March 1990). Automobil Revue 1990 (in German and French). 85. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. p. 635. ISBN 978-3-444-00495-7.
  25. Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (March 1991). Automobil Revue 1991 (in German and French). 86. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. p. 637. ISBN 978-3-444-00514-5.
  26. Automobil Revue 1992, p. 609
  27. Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (10 March 1994). Automobil Revue 1994 (in German and French). 89. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. p. 590. ISBN 978-3-444-00584-8.

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