Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics

Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
	Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
Agency overview
Formed	29 May 1936
Headquarters	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Employees	10,980
Annual budget	R$ 1,588,744,584 (2011)
Agency executive	Susana Cordeiro Guerra, President;
Parent agency	Ministry of the Economy
Website	ibge.gov.br

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Portuguese: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. IBGE performs a decennial national census; questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.

IBGE is a public institute created in 1936 under the name National Institute of Statistics. Its founder and chief proponent was statistician Mário Augusto Teixeira de Freitas. The current name dates from 1938. Its headquarters are located in Rio de Janeiro, and its current president is Susana Cordeiro Guerra.[1] It was made a federal agency by Decree-Law No. 161 on February 13, 1967, and is linked to the Ministry of the Economy, inside the Secretariat of Planning, Budget and Management.[2]

Structure

IBGE has a network of national research and dissemination components, comprising:

27 state units (26 in state capitals and one in the Federal District);
27 centres for documentation and dissemination of information (26 in the capital and one in the Federal District);
27 units for the supervision of territorial mapping (26 in the capital and one in the Federal District);
585 data collection agencies in major cities.
Headquarters in Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro was the capital of the Republic when the Office was established).

Also in Rio de Janeiro are five boards and a school: Executive Directors (ED), Directorate of Research (DPE), Department of Geosciences (DGC), Department of Informatics (DI), Center for Documentation and Information Dissemination (CDDI) and the National School of Statistical Sciences.

The Directorate of Research is responsible for planning and coordinating the research of nature and processing of statistical data collected by the state units; the Department of Geosciences is responsible for basic cartography, the national geodetic system, with a survey of natural resources and environment and by survey and geographical studies.

The Center for Documentation and Information Dissemination is responsible for documentation and dissemination of information produced by the institute as well as coordinating the 27 CDDIs in the country, and the National School of Statistical Sciences, besides being responsible for training the institute's employees, is a federal institution of higher learning that offers the following courses: BA in Statistics; specialization in Environmental Analysis and Management Planning, and Masters in Population Studies and Social Research.

The IBGE also maintains the Roncador Ecological Reserve, situated 35 km south of Brasília.

System of national accounts

Gives an overview of the economy and describes the phenomena of economic life: production, consumption and wealth accumulation, providing a comprehensive and simplified representation of these data. The System of National Accounts IBGE follows the most recent UN recommendations expressed in the Handbook of National Accounts (System of National Accounts 1993 , SNA), including the calculation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Input-output matrix.

Quarterly national accounts

Displays the current value and volume indices (1991 = 100) every quarter for the Gross Domestic Product at market prices, taxes on products, value added at basic prices, personal consumption, government consumption, Gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, exports and imports of goods and services. Two series of index numbers are calculated: the basis of the previous year and chained with reference to 1990 (1990 = 100). The series is seasonally adjusted using X-12-ARIMA, enabling calculation of the rates of change over the previous quarter.

The IBGE survey was started in 1988 and restructured after 1998, when their results were integrated into the current System of National Accounts. The annual weights are derived from this new system accounts.

Requirement and confidentiality of information

The legislation, according to Federal Decree No. 73,177 of November 20, 1973[3] and Law No. 5534 of November 14, 1968,[4] modified by Law No. 5878 of May 11, 1978,[5] deals with the obligation and confidentiality of information collected by IBGE, which is intended exclusively for statistical purposes and has no legal value, not being usable as evidence or proof.

Failure to provide information within the specified deadlines, or providing false information is a crime subject to a fine, initially, of up to 10 times the highest minimum wage in the country, and up to twice this limit on later occasions.

Some economic indicators released by the IBGE

National System of Consumer Price Indices

National Index of Consumer Prices (INPC)
Broad National Consumer Price Index (IPCA)
National Index of Construction (INCC)

Censuses

Demographic census

The IBGE performs various kinds of censuses, although the best known is the population census (statistics on the population of the country). In Brazil, the population censuses are conducted every 10 years solely by the IBGE, as this is the body established by law as responsible for their production.

The population count is made between the interval between two censuses, usually five years after the last five or before the next . Aims to update the data on the number of inhabitants, and is not always applied in all municipalities.

The first population count was conducted in 1996, not only to update population data, but also to get municipality level data after the emergence and redefinition of new municipalities after the 1500 Population Census of 1991.

After the census conducted in 2000, the IBGE population count conducted in 2007 which aimed to update the population estimates, but also incorporated the demographic changes occurring in the territory since the last survey of reference.

The last demographic census was conducted in 2010, and the next one will be conducted in 2020.

The population count is of great importance to Brazil's cities, because the annual grant of funds from the Municipalities Participation Fund is determined mainly by the estimates of population variation provided by IBGE, which directly influence the calculation of the coefficients used to transfer the fund to the municipalities.

Agricultural census

The agricultural census collects information on agricultural establishments, forests and/or aquaculture of all municipalities of a country. The goal of this research is to update previous census data and to provide information about economic, social, and environmental farming. Since 1996, the census has occurred roughly every 10 years.[6]

The 1996 agricultural census was conducted by IBGE from August 1995 to July 1996, in reference to Brazil's crop harvests. The following agricultural census was undertaken in 2007, and surveyed agricultural activity for the 2006 calendar year. The 2017 agricultural census returned to a survey period based on crop harvests, and was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017, with results released in 2018.[6][7]

References

Rosas, Rafael (31 May 2017). "IBGE confirma Roberto Olinto como novo presidente". Valor Econômico (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro. Archived from the original on 2019-09-22. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
"Decreto-lei nº 161, de 13 de fevereiro de 1967". Portal da Legislação (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
"Decreto nº 73.177 de 20 de novembro de 1973". Portal da Legislação (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
"Lei nº 5.534 de 14 de novembro de 1968". Portal da Legislação (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
"Lei nº 5.878 de 11 de maio de 1973". Portal da Legislação (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
"Census of Agriculture: Description". IBGE. Archived from the original on 2019-09-22. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
Saraiva, Adriana (28 December 2018). "2018 in retrospect: IBGE releases Census of Agriculture and prepares for the Population Census". IBGE News Agency. IBGE. Archived from the original on 2019-09-22. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

External links

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[1] Rosas, Rafael (31 May 2017). "IBGE confirma Roberto Olinto como novo presidente". Valor Econômico (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro. Archived from the original on 2019-09-22. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

[2] "Decreto-lei nº 161, de 13 de fevereiro de 1967". Portal da Legislação (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

[3] "Decreto nº 73.177 de 20 de novembro de 1973". Portal da Legislação (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

[4] "Lei nº 5.534 de 14 de novembro de 1968". Portal da Legislação (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

[5] "Lei nº 5.878 de 11 de maio de 1973". Portal da Legislação (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

[AgCensusDescription-6] "Census of Agriculture: Description". IBGE. Archived from the original on 2019-09-22. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

[7] Saraiva, Adriana (28 December 2018). "2018 in retrospect: IBGE releases Census of Agriculture and prepares for the Population Census". IBGE News Agency. IBGE. Archived from the original on 2019-09-22. Retrieved 21 September 2019.