Hydnum

Hydnum
	Hydnum repandum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Cantharellales
Family:	Hydnaceae
Genus:	Hydnum; L. (1753)
Type species
	Hydnum repandum; L. (1753)
Synonyms[1]
	Erinaceus Dill. (1719); Bidona Adans. (1763); Bidonia Adans. (1763); Echinus Haller (1768); Hypothele Paulet (1808); Dentinum Gray (1821); Erinaceus Dill. ex Maratti (1822); Tyrodon P.Karst. (1881)

Hydnum is a genus of fungi in the family Hydnaceae. They are notable for their unusual spore-bearing structures of teeth rather than gills. The best known are the edible species Hydnum repandum and H. rufescens. The word is derived from (h)udnon/ύδνον, an Ancient Greek word for truffle. The white or buff Hydnum repandum has a spore scatterer of still another shape. The smooth cap grows as wide as 8 inches across. The stem is off-center and is less than 2 inches long. Hydnum has many brittle, white teeth from which the spores drop. The mushrooms of the Hydnum group grow both on ground and on wood. Some species have teeth which hang from ascending branches, while other species have teeth which project downwards from the undersurfaces of dead wood. Most Hydnum are safe to eat.

Taxonomy and diversity

Traditionally, only 7 species were widely recognised. However a 2016 paper sampling populations from around the world found 31 lineages that could be described as species.[2]

Hydnum albomagnum
Hydnum crocidens
Hydnum dispersum
Hydnum durieui
Hydnum elatum
Hydnum ellipsosporum
Hydnum investiens
Hydnum magnorufescens
Hydnum minum
Hydnum molluscum
Hydnum oregonense
Hydnum ovoideisporum
Hydnum papyraceum
Hydnum repandum
Hydnum rufescens
Hydnum umbilicatum
Hydnum vesterholtii

References

"Hydnum L. 1753". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
Feng B, Wang XH, Ratkowsky D, Gates G, Lee SS, Grebenc T, Yang ZL (2016). "Multilocus phylogenetic analyses reveal unexpected abundant diversity and significant disjunct distribution pattern of the Hedgehog Mushrooms (Hydnum L.)". Scientific Reports. 6. 25586. doi:10.1038/srep25586. PMC 4858670. PMID 27151256.

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[urlMycoBank:_Hydnum-1] "Hydnum L. 1753". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-06-17.

[feng16-2] Feng B, Wang XH, Ratkowsky D, Gates G, Lee SS, Grebenc T, Yang ZL (2016). "Multilocus phylogenetic analyses reveal unexpected abundant diversity and significant disjunct distribution pattern of the Hedgehog Mushrooms (Hydnum L.)". Scientific Reports. 6. 25586. doi:10.1038/srep25586. PMC 4858670. PMID 27151256.