Hiyya bar Abba

Hiyya bar Abba or Rabbi Hiyya (Hebrew: רבי חייא בר אבא) was a third generation amoraic sage of the Land of Israel, of priestly descent, who flourished at the end of the third century.

For the Amora of the Land of Israel of the 1st generation, see Rabbi Hiyya (Hiyya the Great).
For the Babylonian Amora of the 2nd and 3rd generation, Dean of the Pumbedita Academy, see Huna b. Hiyya.
Rabbinical eras

Biography

In the Jerusalem Talmud he is also called Hiyya bar Ba or Hiyya bar Wa.[1] In both Talmuds he is frequently called merely R. Hiyya. He may have briefly studied with Samuel of Nehardea[2] in Babylon, his native land. When he was still very young, Hiyya migrated to Israel where he studied under Hanina and Joshua ben Levi. He may also have been influenced by Shimon ben Lakish. Hiyya was also a student of Rabbi Johanan. After Rabbi Johanan's death, Hiyya and his friends Rav Ammi and Rav Assi became recognized as some of Israel's brightest halakhic scholars.

Hiyya was distinguished for the care with which he noted the sayings of his masters.[3] When questions arose about being faithful to tradition, Hiyya's interpretation was widely accepted.[4] Though he was the author of many aggadot, he denounced every attempt to collect and commit his tales to writing. Whenever he came upon such a collection, Hiyya cursed the hand that wrote it.[5] His focus was squarely on Halakhah.

The Jerusalem Talmud relates that when the Roman emperor Diocletian visited Tyre, Rabbi Hiyya bar Abba went so far as to "trample over graves" to go out and see him.[6]

With the help of Ammi and Assi, Hiyya formed a court of law. One day a woman named Tamar came before the court. Her case was a difficult one. The sentence handed down was controversial; Hiyya and his associates might have suffered disastrous consequences if Abbahu himself had not come to their assistance.[7]

Hiyya was forced to lecture from town to town in an effort to make ends meet. He even had to leave Israel temporarily.[8] During these travels, when another lecturer on aggadah drew a bigger crowd than he did, Hiyya couldn't hide his annoyance.[9] To improve his circumstances, Hiyya accepted a commission from Judah II to collect money to help rebuild the decaying patriarchate.

The esteem in which Hiyya was held is evident in a letter of introduction Eleazar ben Pedath provided for him: "Behold, we have sent you a great man, our envoy. Until his return he possesses all the powers that we do." According to another version, the introduction read: "Behold, we have sent you a great man. His greatness consists in this, that he is not ashamed to say 'I know not'."[10]

Hiyya, Ammi, and Assi visited various communities in Israel at the behest of Judah II who entrusted them with reawakening interest in the study of Jewish Law.[11]

Hiyya had several brothers: R. Nathan ha-Kohen, also known as R. Kohen (or R. Nathan) b. Abba; Rabbannai, or R. Bannai; and R. Simeon ben Abba. He had several children, including R. Abba, R. Kahanah, and R. Nehemiah.

References
  1. Jerusalem Talmud (Berakhot 3 (6a), 4 (7d)
  2. Weiss, "Dor," 3:94
  3. Berachot 38b
  4. Berachot 32b, 38b
  5. Jerusalem Talmud, Shabbat 16 (15c)
  6. Jerusalem Talmud, Berakhot 3:1
  7. Jerusalem Talmud, Megillah 3 (74a)
  8. Jerusalem Talmud, Ma'aser Sheni 5 (56b)
  9. see Jew. Encyc. i.36, s.v. Abbahu
  10. Jerusalem Talmud, Hagigah 1 (76d), Nedarim 10 (42b)
  11. Jerusalem Talmud, Hagigah 1 (76c)
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Solomon Schechter and Nathan Stern (1901–1906). "Hiyya bar Abba". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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