Hiyoshi Dam

Hiyoshi Dam (日吉ダム) is a dam in Nantan, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.[1] The dam construction started in 1992 and was completed in 1996.

Hiyoshi Dam
Location of Hiyoshi Dam in Japan
Location	Nantan, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
Coordinates	35°08′51″N 135°31′01″E
Construction began	1992
Opening date	1996
Dam and spillways
Type of dam	Concrete gravity
Impounds	Katsura River
Height	67.4 m
Length	438 m
Dam volume	670,000 m³
Reservoir
Total capacity	66,000,000 m³
Catchment area	290 km²
Surface area	2.74 km²
Power Station
Installed capacity	850 kW

Hiyoshi Dam is a concrete gravity dam with a height of 67.4 m and a length of 438 m. It creates the artificial lake Amawaka (天若湖, Amawaka-ko), with an area of 2.74 km². Initial planning for its construction started in 1961, as a measure to protect downstream area from frequent floods by the Katsura river.[1]

Hiyoshi Dam is used for three main purposes: flood control, river maintenance and water supply.[1][2] The dam temporarily stores surges in river water during floods, regulating the flow and avoiding damage to downstream areas. The dam is designed for 100-year floods (floods estimated to occur once every 100 years).[1] The maximum release of water during flood control operations in normal situations is 150 cubic meters per second. However, if not enough, the dam is able to discharge more water when the level in the reservoir surpass the surcharge water level. One such situations occurred in September 2013, when heavy rain from Typhoon 18 forced a maximum outflow of 504 cubic meters per second.[3] In case of emergency, with floods bigger than the estimated 100-year flood for which the dam is designed, the emergency spillways can discharge up to 3,100 cubic meters per second, ensuring the safety of the structure. These spillways have been used only during trials.[1]

The dam also helps to ensure that the river water flow downstream is above a certain minimum level during drought periods. Hiyoshi Dam also supplies 3.7 cubic meters per second of additional water supply, sufficient for about 1 million people, supplying domestic water to cities in Kyoto Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture and Hyogo Prefecture.

Hiyoshi Dam includes a small hydroelectric power generator with a capacity of 850 kW. The energy is used to power the dam facilities, with the excess generation sold to the grid.[1]