Goda Ravi

Goda Ravi
Goda Ravi
Chera/Perumal of Kerala
House	Chera Perumals of Kerala[1]
Religion	Hinduism

Goda Ravi (fl. c. early 10th century) was a Chera Perumal king of medieval Kerala, south India.[2]

Temple inscriptions dated in the regnal years (15th to 30th) of Goda Ravi were discovered from Chokkur (Puthur village, near Koduvally), Nedumpuram Thali (Thrissur), Avittathur, Tripparangode, Poranghattiri, Indianur (Kottakkal) and Thrippunithura.[2] The records mention, among other things, certain Cheraman Maha Devi (the Chera queen), the so-called Agreement of Muzhikkulam, the chieftains of Vembanadu (Alappuzha) and Valluvanad (the later with the title Rayira Ravar).[2]

The direct authority of the Chera-Perumal king was restricted to the country around capital Makotai (Mahodaya, present-day Kodungallur) in central Kerala.[3] His kingship was only ritual and remained nominal compared with the power that local chieftains (the udaiyavar) exercised politically and militarily. Nambudiri-Brahmins also possessed huge authority in religious and social subjects (the so-called ritual sovereignty combined with Brahmin oligarchy).[3]

Goda Ravi was formerly identified with king Vijayaraga of the Chera Perumal dynasty.[2][4]

Epigraphic records

Note: Material: granite, script: Vattezhuthu with Grantha characters, and language: old Malayalam (unless otherwise stated)

As Goda Ravi

Regnal Year	Location	Contents
Regnal Year	Location	Nature	Notes
15	Chokkur inscription (Puthur village) - near Koduvally - single granite slab in courtyard of the ruined Chokkur Temple.	Temple inscription (by founder)	A person known as Karkottupurathu Kadamba Kumara establishes "Kumara-Narayana-Pura Temple" by a land grant.[5] Earliest record to refer the Agreement of Muzhikkulam.[5]
17	Nedumpuram Thali inscription, Thrissur (Thali inscriptions of Cochin State) - two granite slabs fixed into the half wall in the entrance corridor on the left side of Nedumpuram Thali.	Temple committee resolutions	Dated in Kali Year 4000.[4] Two halves of the record on two separate slabs (one with the regnal year and the other one with the date in Kali Era) were initially registered separately.[5] Council is the chieftain of Vembanadu (Alappuzha) called Goda Ravi.[5] Mentions the Nangaimar (dancing girls) in the Nedumpuram Thali.[5]
20	Avittathur inscription I - single granite slab paved in the courtyard of the Avittathur Temple near the sopana.	Temple committee resolutions	Mentions the Cheraman Maha Devi (the Chera queen) - only record mentioning a Chera queen from Kerala.[5] Council is attended by the chieftain of Valluvanad (the Rayira Ravar).[5]
	Avittathur inscription II - single granite slab paved in the courtyard of the Avittathur Temple to the right of the srikoyil (a few feet away from sopana).	Temple committee resolutions	Council is attended by the chieftain of Valluvanad (the Rayira Ravar).[5]
	Avittathur inscription III - single granite slab paved in the courtyard of the Avittathur Temple (a few feet away from sopana).	Temple committee resolutions	Council is attended by the chieftain of Valluvanad (the Rayira Ravar).[5]
27	Tripparangode inscription (originally in Sri Krishna shrine, Tripparangode Shiva Temple) - Triprangode- now in Archeological Museum, Trichur.	Temple committee resolutions	Mentions the Agreement of Tavanur.[5] Council is attended by the Ala-koyil (a Chera prince).
	Poranghattiri inscription (Chaliyar) - single granite slab in the courtyard of the Poranghattiri Temple.	Temple committee resolutions	Cites the Agreement of Muzhikkulam.[5] Council is attended by the Koyil and the Ala-koyil (members of the Chera royal family).[5]
	Indianur inscription (Kottakkal) - originally at Indianur Temple - now in Department of History, Calicut University.	Temple committee resolutions	A slab with inscriptions two separate Chera-Perumals on either side.[5] Council is attended by the Koyil (a Chera prince).[5]
30	Thrippunithura inscription (originally from Santhana Gopalakrishna Temple, Thrippunithura) - now in Archeological Museum, Trichur.	Temple committee resolutions	Latest regnal year Kota Ravi mentioned in the inscriptions.[5] Council is attended by Ravi Aditya, a minister and a Chera prince.[5] Kota Ravi was initially identified as the brother-in-law of Jatavarman Kulasekhara Deva.[5]

References

As per MGS, 1972
Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 65-67.
Noburu Karashmia (ed.), A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 143-44.
'Changes in Land Relations during the Decline of the Cera State,' In Kesavan Veluthat and Donald R. Davis Jr. (eds), Irreverent History:- Essays for M.G.S. Narayanan, Primus Books, New Delhi, 2014. 74-75.
Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 438-42.

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[1] As per MGS, 1972

[:1-2] Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 65-67.

[:4-3] Noburu Karashmia (ed.), A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 143-44.

[:33-4] 'Changes in Land Relations during the Decline of the Cera State,' In Kesavan Veluthat and Donald R. Davis Jr. (eds), Irreverent History:- Essays for M.G.S. Narayanan, Primus Books, New Delhi, 2014. 74-75.

[:0-5] Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 438-42.