Ghislaine Maxwell

Ghislaine Maxwell (/ˌɡiːˈleɪn, -ˈlɛn/ ghee-LAYN, -⁠LEN; born 25 December 1961)[1] is a British socialite and alleged procurer[2] who is known for her association with Jeffrey Epstein. The youngest child of disgraced publishing tycoon Robert Maxwell, she moved to the United States after her father's death in 1991 and became a close associate of the financier and subsequently convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Maxwell has faced persistent allegations of procuring and sexually trafficking underage girls for Epstein and others, charges she has denied.[3]

Ghislaine Maxwell
Maxwell in 2013
Born (1961-12-25) 25 December 1961
Maisons-Laffitte, Île-de-France, France
NationalityBritish, American
EducationBalliol College, Oxford
OccupationSocialite, businessperson
Parents
Relatives

Maxwell founded the ocean-advocacy group The TerraMar Project in 2012. The organization announced closure on 12 July 2019, a week after the sex trafficking charges brought by New York federal prosecutors against Epstein became public.[3] On 27 December 2019, Reuters reported that Maxwell was among those under FBI investigation for facilitating Epstein.[4] Since Epstein's arrest, Maxwell has been in hiding, communicating with the courts only through her lawyers who, as of 30 January 2020, have refused to accept service of three lawsuits on Maxwell's behalf.[5] On 12 March 2020, she filed a lawsuit in Superior Court in the U.S. Virgin Islands seeking compensation from Epstein's estate for her legal costs.[6][7]

Early life
Headington Hill Hall

Ghislaine Maxwell was born in 1961, in Maisons-Laffitte, France,[8] the ninth and youngest child of Elisabeth (née Meynard), a French-born scholar, and Robert Maxwell, a Czechoslovak-born British media proprietor. Her father was from a Jewish family and her mother was of Huguenot descent. Maxwell was born two days before a car accident left her older brother Michael in a prolonged coma at age 15, unresponsive for several years until his death in 1967.[9] Her mother reflected that the accident had an effect on the entire family, with Ghislaine becoming anorexic while still a toddler.[9] Throughout childhood, Ghislaine resided with her family in Oxford at Headington Hill Hall, a 53-room mansion, where the offices of Pergamon Press, a publishing company run by Robert Maxwell, were also located.[8][10][3] Her mother said all her children were brought up Anglican.[11] Maxwell attended Marlborough College, and Balliol College, Oxford.[1]

Maxwell had an unusually close relationship with her father and was widely credited with being her father's favourite child.[3][12][13] The Times reported that Robert Maxwell did not permit Ghislaine to bring her boyfriends home or to be seen with them publicly, after she started attending Oxford University.[14]

Career

Maxwell was a prominent member of the London social scene in the 1980s.[15] She founded a women's club named after the original Kit-Cat Club[16][13] and was a director of Oxford United Football Club, during her father's ownership.[17][18] She also worked at The European, a publication Robert Maxwell had started.[19] According to Tom Bower, writing for The Sunday Times, in 1986 Ghislaine's father invited her to visit his new yacht in a shipyard in Holland to celebrate its christening in her honour as the Lady Ghislaine.[20] Maxwell was reported to have spent a large amount of time in the late 1980s aboard her father's yacht, which was equipped with a jacuzzi, a sauna, a gym and private disco.[21] The Scotsman said Robert Maxwell had also "tailor-made a New York company for her."[22] The company, which focused on corporate gifts, was not profitable.[14][20][23]

The Sunday Times reported that Maxwell flew to New York on 5 November 1990 to deliver an envelope on her father's behalf that, unknown to her, was part of "a plot initiated by her father to steal $200m" from Berlitz shareholders.[20]

Dancing Hare yacht, formerly known as the Lady Ghislaine

After Maxwell's father purchased the New York Daily News in January 1991, he sent her to New York City to act as his emissary.[24][14] In May 1991, Maxwell and her father took the Concorde on business to New York, where he quickly departed for Moscow and left her to represent his interests at an event honouring Simon Wiesenthal.[25] In November 1991, Robert Maxwell's body was found floating in the sea near the Canary Islands and his luxury yacht the Lady Ghislaine.[26] Immediately following his death, Ghislaine flew to Tenerife, where the yacht was stationed, to attend to his business paperwork.[14] Though a verdict of death by accidental drowning was recorded, Maxwell has since said she believes her father was murdered,[27] commenting in 1997, "He did not commit suicide. That was just not consistent with his character. I think he was murdered."[28] After his death, Robert Maxwell was found to have fraudulently appropriated the pension assets of Mirror Group Newspapers, a company that he ran and in which he held a large share of ownership, to support its share price.[29] There were reportedly over £440m in pension funds missing, which left the surviving Maxwell family members and the British government in a bind to repay the 32,000 people affected.[30] Two of Maxwell's brothers, Ian and Kevin, who were the most involved with their father in daily business dealings, were arrested on 19 June 1992 and charged with fraud related to the Mirror Group pension scandal.[31] The brothers were acquitted of the charges three and a half years later in January 1996.[32]

Maxwell moved to the United States in 1991, just after her father's death. She was photographed boarding a Concorde to cross the Atlantic, causing outrage amidst the pension scandal due to the high cost of flights on that aircraft.[12][13] Maxwell was provided with an annual income of £80,000 thanks to a trust fund established in Liechtenstein by her father.[33][34] In 1992, she had moved to an apartment of an Iranian friend overlooking Central Park. At the time, Maxwell worked at a real estate office on Madison Avenue and was reported to be socializing with a group that included Ivana Trump and Adnan Khashoggi's son.[35] She quickly rose to wider prominence as a New York City socialite.[13][36]

Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein

Maxwell first met American financier Jeffrey Epstein in the early 1990s at a New York party following "a difficult break-up with Count Gianfranco Cicogna" of the Ciga Hotels clan.[37]

Maxwell had a romantic relationship with Epstein for several years in the early 1990s and remained closely associated with him for decades afterwards.[13][36][38] The nature of their relationship remains unclear. In a 2009 deposition, several of Epstein's household employees testified that Epstein referred to her as his "main girlfriend" who also hired, fired, and supervised his staff starting around 1992.[39] She has also been referred to as the "Lady of the House" by Epstein's staff and as his "aggressive assistant".[40] In a 2003 Vanity Fair profile on Epstein, author Vicky Ward said Epstein referred to Maxwell as "my best friend".[41] Ward also observed that Maxwell seemed "to organize much of his life".[41]

2006 mugshot of Epstein

Maxwell is known for her longstanding friendship[42] with Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and for having notoriously escorted him to a “hookers and pimps” social function in New York.[43] She introduced Epstein to Prince Andrew, and the three often socialized together.[44] In 2000, Maxwell and Epstein attended a party thrown by Prince Andrew at the queen's estate in Norfolk, England, reportedly for Maxwell's 39th birthday.[45] In a November 2019 interview with the BBC, Prince Andrew confirmed that Maxwell and Epstein had attended an event at his invitation but he denied that it was anything more than a "straightforward shooting weekend".[46]

Maxwell has also been associated and photographed with Bill Clinton, Donald Trump, and lawyer Alan Dershowitz.[36]

In 1995, Epstein renamed one of his companies the Ghislaine Corporation; the Palm Beach, Florida company was later dissolved, in 1998.[39]

In 2008, Epstein was convicted of soliciting a minor for prostitution and served 13 months of an 18-month jail sentence. Following Epstein's release from jail, although Maxwell continued to attend prominent social functions, she and Epstein were no longer seen together publicly.[3]

By late 2015, Maxwell had largely retreated from attending social functions.[3][47]

Civil cases and accusations

Virginia Roberts Giuffre v. Maxwell (2015)

Details of a civil lawsuit, made public in January 2015, contained a deposition from "Jane Doe 3" that accused Maxwell of recruiting her in 1999, when she was a minor, and grooming her to provide sexual services for Epstein.[13] A 2018 exposé by Julie K. Brown in the Miami Herald revealed Jane Doe 3 to be Virginia Giuffre, who was previously known as Virginia Roberts. Giuffre met Maxwell at Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago Club in Palm Beach, Florida, where Giuffre was working at the time.[13] She asserted that Maxwell had introduced her to Epstein, after which she was "groomed by the two [of them] for his pleasure, including lessons in Epstein's preferences during oral sex".[48][13]

Maxwell has repeatedly denied any involvement in Epstein's crimes.[38] In a 2015 statement, Maxwell rejected allegations that she has acted as a procurer for Epstein and denied that she had "facilitated Prince Andrew's acts of sexual abuse". Her spokesperson said "the allegations made against Ghislaine Maxwell are untrue" and she "strongly denies allegations of an unsavory nature, which have appeared in the British press and elsewhere, and reserves her right to seek redress at the repetition of such old defamatory claims".[44][49]

Giuffre asserted that Maxwell and Epstein had trafficked her and other underage girls, often at sex parties hosted by Epstein at his homes in New York, New Mexico, Palm Beach, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Maxwell called her a liar. Giuffre sued Maxwell for defamation in federal court in the Southern District of New York in 2015. While details of the settlement have not been made public, in May 2017 the case was settled in Giuffre's favour,[50] with Maxwell paying Giuffre "millions".[51]

Sarah Ransome v. Epstein and Maxwell (2017)

In 2017, Sarah Ransome filed a suit, in the United States District Court Southern District of New York, against Epstein and Maxwell, alleging that Maxwell hired her to give massages to Epstein and later threatened to physically harm her or destroy her career prospects if she did not comply with their sexual demands at his mansion in New York and on his private Caribbean island, Little Saint James. The suit was settled in 2018 under undisclosed terms.[52][3][36][53]

Affidavit filed by Maria Farmer (2019)

On 16 April 2019, Maria Farmer went public and filed a sworn affidavit in federal court in New York, alleging that she and her 15-year-old sister, Annie, had been sexually assaulted by Epstein and Maxwell in separate locations in 1996. Farmer's affidavit was filed in support of a defamation suit between Virginia Giuffre against Alan Dershowitz.[54] According to the affidavit, Farmer had met Maxwell and Epstein at a New York art gallery reception in 1995. The affidavit says that in the summer of the following year, they hired her to work on an art project in billionaire businessman Leslie Wexner's Ohio mansion, where she was then sexually assaulted by both Maxwell and Epstein.[55][56] Farmer reported the incident to the New York Police Department and the FBI.[39] Her affidavit also stated that during the same summer, Epstein flew her then 15-year-old sister, Annie, to his New Mexico property where he and Maxwell molested her on a massage table.[57][58]

Farmer was interviewed for CBS This Morning in November 2019 where she detailed the 1996 assault and alleged that Maxwell had repeatedly threatened both her career and her life after the assault.[59]

Jennifer Araoz v. Epstein's estate, Maxwell, and Jane Does 1–3 (2019)

On 14 August 2019, Jennifer Araoz filed a lawsuit in New York County Supreme Court against Epstein's estate, Maxwell, and three unnamed members of his staff; the lawsuit was made possible under New York state's new Child Victims Act, which took effect on the same date.[60] Araoz later amended her complaint on October 8, 2019 with the names of the previously unidentified women enablers to include Lesley Groff, Cimberly Espinosa, and the late Rosalyn Fontanilla.[61]

Priscilla Doe v. Epstein's estate (2019)

Ghislaine Maxwell was named in one of three lawsuits filed in New York on 20 August 2019 against the estate of Jeffrey Epstein.[62] The woman filing the suit, identified as "Priscilla Doe", claimed that she was recruited in 2006 and trained by Maxwell with step-by-step instructions on how to provide sexual services for Epstein.[63][64]

Annie Farmer v. Maxwell and Epstein's Estate (2019)

Annie Farmer, represented by David Boies, sued Maxwell and Epstein's estate in Federal District Court in Manhattan in November 2019, accusing them of rape, battery and false imprisonment and seeking unspecified damages.[65][5]

Jane Doe v. Maxwell and Epstein's Estate (2020)

In January 2020, a lawsuit was filed against Maxwell and Epstein alleging that they recruited a 13-year-old music student at the Interlochen Center for the Arts in 1994 and subjected her to sexual abuse.[5] The suit states that Jane Doe was repeatedly sexually assaulted by Epstein over a four year period and that Maxwell played a key role both in her recruitment and by participating in the assaults.[5]

Maxwell v. Epstein's Estate, Darren K. Indyke, Richard D. Kahn, and NES LLC (2020)

Maxwell filed a lawsuit on 12 March 2020 against Epstein's estate, which claimed she had been a longtime employee of Epstein (from 1998 to 2006)[66] who had served to manage his property holdings in the U.S. Virgin Islands, New York, New Mexico, Florida and Paris[67] while continuing to deny any knowledge or involvement in his criminal activities.[6][7] According to the lawsuit, filed in Superior Court in the U.S. Virgin Islands, Maxwell was seeking damages for legal fees (associated with defending herself against her accusers) that she claims Epstein had promised to cover for her.[6][7]

Dispute over release of court documents

On 2 July 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ordered the unsealing of documents from the earlier civil suit against Maxwell by Virginia Giuffre.[68] Jeffrey Epstein was arrested on 6 July 2019 at Teterboro Airport in New Jersey and charged with sex trafficking and sex trafficking conspiracy.[69]

Maxwell requested a rehearing in a federal appeals court on 17 July 2019, in an effort to keep documents sealed that were part of a suit by Virginia Giuffre.[70] On 9 August 2019 the first batch of documents were unsealed and released from the earlier defamation suit by Giuffre against Maxwell.[71] Epstein was found dead on 10 August 2019, after reportedly hanging himself in his Manhattan prison cell.[72][73]

Maxwell and her lawyers continued to argue against the further release of court documents in December 2019.[74] Reuters confirmed on 27 December 2019 that Maxwell and others are under investigation by the FBI for facilitating Epstein's criminal activities.[4]

Attempts to locate Maxwell to serve new lawsuits

The New York Times said that by 2016 Maxwell was no longer being photographed at events.[3] By 2017, her lawyers claimed before a judge that they did not know her address; they further stated that she was in London but they did not believe she had a permanent residence.[3]

Maxwell has a history of being unreachable during legal proceedings.[5][75][76][77] During the lawsuit filed in 2017 from Ransome against Maxwell, District Judge John G. Koeltl granted a motion for "alternative service" on the grounds that the plaintiff's efforts to reach Maxwell were persistently thwarted; these included hiring a private investigation firm that attempted service at three physical addresses, sending information to several email addresses, and reaching out to the lawyers actively representing Maxwell in another lawsuit who refused to become a "general agent of process" to relay the information to her.[76]

According to court documents from a lawsuit filed by Epstein against Bradley Edwards (a representative for several of his accusers), in 2010 Maxwell had agreed to provide a deposition in the case but reportedly left the country one day before Edwards was scheduled to fly to New York to take her deposition, "claiming she needed to return to the UK to be with her deathly ill mother"[77] with no intention of returning to the United States.[75] However, Maxwell returned within a month to attend Chelsea Clinton's wedding.[75]

In January 2020, it was reported that Maxwell had refused to allow her lawyers to be served with several lawsuits in which she has been directly named in 2019 and 2020, including one by Farmer and from Araoz.[5] While Maxwell's lawyers continue to argue on her behalf against the release of additional court documents from the Giuffre v. Maxwell lawsuit,[74] they claim to not know where she is or to have permission to accept the recent lawsuits filed against her.[5][56]

TerraMar Project

In 2012, Maxwell founded The TerraMar Project,[78] a nonprofit organization which advocated the protection of oceans. She gave a lecture for TerraMar at the University of Texas at Dallas and a TED talk, at TEDx Charlottesville in 2014.[79] Maxwell accompanied Stuart Beck, a 2013 TerraMar board member, to two United Nations meetings to discuss the project.[23]

The TerraMar Project announced closure on 12 July 2019, less than a week after charges of sex trafficking brought by New York federal prosecutors against Epstein became public.[80][3] An associated, UK-based company, Terramar (UK), listed Maxwell as a director.[81] An application for the UK organization to be officially closed was made on 4 September 2019, with the first notice in The London Gazette made on 17 September 2019.[82] The company Terramar (UK) was listed as officially dissolved on 3 December 2019.[82]

Personal life

Since at least 1997, Maxwell has maintained a residence in Belgravia, London.[83][84] In 2000, Maxwell moved into a 7,000-square-foot townhouse on East 65th Street less than 10 blocks from her friend Epstein's New York mansion. The house was purchased for $4.95 million by an anonymous limited liability company, with an address that matches the office of J. Epstein & Co. Representing the buyer was Darren Indyke, Epstein's longtime lawyer.[3] In April 2016, the New York townhouse where she had lived was sold for $15 million.[3]

Following her personal and professional involvement with Jeffrey Epstein, Maxwell was romantically linked for several years to Ted Waitt, founder of Gateway computers.[23][85] She attended the wedding of Chelsea Clinton in 2010 as Waitt's guest.[23] Maxwell helped Waitt obtain and renovate a luxury yacht, the Plan B, and used it for travel to France and Croatia before their relationship ended, in late 2010[21] or early 2011.[23][13]

On 15 August 2019, reports surfaced that Maxwell had been living in Manchester by the Sea, Massachusetts, in the home of Scott Borgerson, the CEO of CargoMetrics, a hedge fund investment company involved in maritime data analytics.[86][87][21] Maxwell and Borgerson were described as having been in a romantic relationship for several years.[21][86][88] Locals in the town of Manchester by the Sea said Maxwell had kept a low profile, went by "G" instead of her full first name, and had been seen on several occasions walking a Vizsla dog along the beach.[89][90] According to court documents, in a civil court dispute which was filed by Borgerson and Maxwell, a neighbouring property manager attested that Maxwell and Borgerson were living together at the property in question. Others have said they had been seen repeatedly running together in the mornings.[87] Borgerson stated in August 2019 that Maxwell was not currently living at the home and that he did not know where she was.[86] Also on 15 August 2019, the New York Post published photographs of Maxwell allegedly dining at a fast-food restaurant in Los Angeles, but the photos were later proven to have been fabricated and staged by Maxwell's friend and attorney Leah Saffian.[91][92]

See also

References
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