Gharnati music

Gharnati refers to a variety of Algerian music originating in Al-Andalus. Its name is related, being derived from the Arabic name of the Spanish city of Granada.

Gharnati
Other namesSan'a of Tlemcen

school of Tlemcen

Gharnata
Stylistic originsGranada (Emirate of Granada)
Cultural originsTlemcen (Algeria)
Typical instrumentsRabâb, kwitra (algerian 'ud), kemandja, mandoline, qanun, f'hal
Subgenres

* Nuba
* Inqilab
* Qadriyya
* Hawzi
* 'Aroubi
* Madih (panegyric)
Other topics
The school of Algiers (sana'a), The school of Constantine (malouf)
The repertoire of the school of Tlemcen

Gharnati was preserved, enriched and developed in Tlemcen in Algeria.

This variety of Andalusian classical music has been established in other cities like Oran and Sidi-Bel-Abbès in Algeria. And thereafter, in Rabat and Oujda in Morocco by algerian famillies who moved and settled there, as confirmed by Jerrilynn D. Dodds in his book "The literature of Al-Andalus", éd. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, p. 72-73 [1]

If the term Gharnati refers in the region of Tlemcen in Algeria to a distinct musical style of the Andalusian music and confirmed by the authors Rachid Aous, Mohammed Habib Samrakandi pages 15 and 24 in their book "Music of Algeria" [2]. In Morocco this style is specific to the cities of Rabat and Oujda, and was brought by algerians from Tlemcen and Algiers[3]

Structure

Modes

Modes (arabic : طبوع : tūbūb') that are known in the school of Tlemcen are the following :

  • Mawwāl (الموال)
    • Mawwāl (الموال)
    • Dīl (الذيل)
    • Raṣd ə-Dīl (رصد الذيل)
    • Māya (الماية)
  • Zīdān (الزيدان)
    • Zīdān (الزيدان)
    • Raml əl-ʿAšiyya (رمل العشية)
    • Mǧənba (المجنبة)
  • Raml əl-Māya (رمل الماية)
    • Raml əl-Māya (رمل الماية)
    • Raṣd (الرصد)
  • 'Iraq Maṭlūq (العراق المطلوق)
    • 'Iraq Maṭlūq (العراق المطلوق)
    • Ḥsīn (الحسين)
    • Ġrībat əl-Ḥsīn (غريبة الحسين)
  • Məzmūm (المزموم)
    • Məzmūm (المزموم)
  • Ṣīkā (السيكاه)
    • Ṣīkā (السيكاه)
  • Ǧārkā (الجاركاه)
    • Ǧārkā (الجاركاه)
  • ‘Irāq Maḥṣūr (العراق المحصور)
    • ‘Irāq Maḥṣūr (العراق المحصور)
    • Ġrīb (الغريب)

Representative artists

Algeria

Composers
  • Mohamed ibn al-Khamis[4] (1252-1369)
  • Abou Hammou Moussa II[5] (1324-1388), the eighth sultan of the zayyanid dynasty.
  • Ibn al-Banna a-Tilimsani[5] 14th century
  • Abi Djamaa Talalisi[5] (1330-?), the doctor-poet of the zayyanid dynasty court[6].
  • Abou Othmane Said El Mendassi[5] (1583-1677)
  • Ahmed al-Bekri[5] (17th century)
  • Ibn Nachit[6] (17th century)
  • Ahmed Ben Triki[5] (1650-1750)
  • Abou Abdillah Mohamed Ben Ahmed Ben Msayeb[5] (1688-1768)
  • Moulay Ahmed Ben Antar[7] (18th century)
  • Mohamed Bendebbah a-Tilimsani[5] (18th century)
  • Mohamed Touati[7] (18th century)
  • M’barek Bouletbaq[5] (18th century-1768)
  • Boumediene Bensahla[4] (18th century-1797)

Great masters and famous performers
  • Abdelkader Kermouni-Serradj (1855-1946)
  • Abdelkrim Dali (1914-1978)
  • Abderrahmane Sekkal (1910-1985)
  • Abdeslam Bensari
  • Amine Kalfat (1942)
  • Amine Mesli (1955-2006)
  • Bachir Zerrouki (1924-2004)
  • Cheikh Larbi Bensari (1872-1964)
  • Cheikha Tetma (1891-1962)
  • El Hadj Hammadi Baghdadli (1797-1867)
  • El Hadj Mohamed El Ghaffour (1930)
  • Fewzi Kalfat (1959)
  • Ghaouti Dib (1863-1917)
  • Salah Boukli-Hacene (1946)
  • Mahieddine Kamal Malti (1929-2011)
  • Khair-Eddine Aboura (1908-1977)
  • Lazaar Ben Dali Yahia (1894-1940)
  • Maallem Mohamed Tchouar [1845-1933]
  • Maâlem Ichoua Mediouni alias "Maqchich" (1829-1899)
  • Maklouf Rouch alias "B'teina" (1858-1931)
  • Ménouar Benattou (1847-1899)
  • Mahmoud Bensari
  • Mohamed Benchaabane alias "Boudelfa" (1853-1914)
  • Mohamed Benghebrit
  • Mohamed Bensmail (1892-1940)
  • Mohammed Bouali
  • Mohamed Dib (1861-1915)
  • Mohamed Seghir Bessaoud (1876-1930)
  • Moulai Ahmed Medeghri (1843-1925)
  • Moulay Djilali Ziani-Cherif (1873-1939)
  • Mustapha Aboura (1875-1935)
  • Mustapha Belkhoudja (1917-1968)
  • Mustapha Senouci Brixi (1919-2010)
  • Omar Bekhchi (1884-1958)
  • Redouane Bensari (1914-2002)
  • Reinette l'Oranaise
  • Rifel Mahmoud Kalfat
  • Saoud l'Oranais
  • Yahia Ghoul

Current celebrities
  • Amina Karadja
  • Anis Amanallah Kalfat
  • Badr Eddine Khaldoun
  • Brahim Hadj Kacem
  • Dalila Mekadder
  • Karim Boughazi
  • Khalil Baba Ahmed
  • Nisrine Ghenim
  • Nouri Kouffi
  • Rym Hakiki
  • Larbi Louazani
  • Leila Benmrah
  • Lila Borsali

Morocco

Famous performers
  • Bouchnak Benyounes dit Afendi
  • Cheikh Mohammed Salah Chaabane
  • Chaabane Sidi Mohammed
  • Chaabane Nasreddine
  • Kerzazi Cheikh Brahim
  • Amina Alaoui

France

Notes and references
  1. Sells, Professor Michael A. (2000-08-31). The Literature of Al-Andalus. ISBN 9780521471596.
  2. https://books.google.fr/books?id=ogQLKLjgaHEC&pg=PP1&dq=Musiques 27Alg% + d% C3% A9rie + + by + + Aous Rashid, Mohammed + + + Samrakandi Habib & lr = # v = onepage & q = & f = false
  3. https://www.umbc.edu/MA/index/number8/ciucci/ciucciweb.htm
  4. El Hassar, Abdelkader Salim (2017). "L'apport de nos poètes et musiciens est considérable" [The contribution of our poets and musicians is considerable] (PDF). Horizons (in French) (6497). p. 11.
  5. El Hassar, Abdelkader Salim (2017). "La «Sana'a», «Ala» ou «Gharnata» : un art musical national (Suite et fin)" [The «Sana'a», «Ala» or «Gharnata» : a national musical art (Continuation and end)]. Le Quotidien d'Oran (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  6. El Hassar, Bénali (2016-06-20). "Plaidoyer pour un festival international de la Sana'a-Gharnata à Tlemcen" [Advocacy for an international Sana'a-Gharnata festival in Tlemcen]. Le Quotidien d'Oran (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  7. El Hassar, Bénali (2009-06-20). "Musique arabo-andalouse : de sa permanence... des hommes de lettres, des arts et des interprètes" [Arab-Andalusian music : of its permanence ... men of letters, arts and performers]. Le Quotidien d'Oran (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-26.
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