Francis Sargent

Sargent was born in 1915 in Hamilton, Massachusetts, the son of Margery (Lee) and Francis Williams Sargent.[1] He was known for his sharp wit and self-deprecating manner. A Republican, "Sarge" graduated from Charles River School, and then Noble & Greenough School. He was a student in the architecture program (Class of 1939) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (where he was a classmate and friend of architect I.M. Pei), although he did not finish his MIT degree.[2]

Sargent served in World War II, fighting in Italy, earned a Bronze Star, and a Purple Heart. He was an avid fisherman on Cape Cod and became interested in the environment because he was frustrated by overfishing and the use of illegal nets.[3]

He was a dedicated conservationist who delivered the keynote address at MIT on the first Earth Day in 1970. He had earlier served as state commissioner of natural resources for ten years, and went on to win appointment as state Commissioner of Public Works in 1964.

He ran for Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts with the slogan "Put Sarge in Charge"[3] and was elected in 1966. In 1969, he became governor when Governor John Volpe (R) resigned to become secretary of Transportation under President Richard Nixon.[4] In 1970, Sargent won election in his own right, defeating Boston Mayor Kevin White.

According to Barney Frank's biography, White was the first mayor to declare the city had a race problem, and people wanted to keep him as mayor instead of making him governor. Frank said, "Sargent was seen as a good liberal and some liberals reasoned that if we elect Kevin White as governor, who knows who is going to be Mayor of Boston." Frank also said it was Sargent's popularity that won him the election.[5]

When Sargent first entered office, the budget was in turmoil because of spending increases on welfare and other benefits. He tightened rules for qualifying for Medicaid and introduced a new corporate tax.[3]

He was governor of the Commonwealth during the strife over school busing following Judge W. Arthur Garrity's 1974 decision to desegregate Boston public schools through court-mandated redistricting of the Boston school system, including busing some students out of their neighborhoods to end a pattern of racial segregation in the schools. Sargent had previously vetoed attempts to repeal or water-down the state's Racial Imbalance Act, which prohibited state aid to racially imbalanced school districts. When Sargent called for obeying the federal court order, anti-busing forces complained that he and his neighbors in the well-to-do suburban Boston town of Dover, Massachusetts did not have to share any of the burden of desegregating Boston schools.

Carl Sheridan, a former Dover police chief, said this of the incident, "I think people will most remember him for the busing situation. I remember one time a bus load of demonstrators came out to Dover looking for Sargent and his house. But because the town had no street lights, they got out of the bus and were standing in the pitch black. They got back in the bus and left. Sargent was still laughing about that two weeks ago."[3]

Sargent also created the weekend prison furlough program.[6] After the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that this right extended to first-degree murderers because the statute did not specifically exclude them, the Massachusetts legislature quickly passed a bill prohibiting furloughs for such inmates. However, in 1976, Michael Dukakis vetoed this bill.[7]

He also created the Massachusetts Appeals Court in 1972, and elected Alan M. Hale, who was a justice of the Superior Court at the time, along with David Rose, Edmund Keville, Reuben Goodman, Donald Grant, and Christopher Armstrong, and were sworn under oath in October 1972. Hale said of the experience, "I wasn't too darn anxious to come here. I liked what I was doing. I enjoyed the experience on the Superior Court, meeting people and lawyers all over the State. I didn't want to leave, but the challenge of setting up an entirely new court was one I could not refuse." The Governor went on to speak of Chief Justice Hale and his five associates, "I have sought individuals who have a proven record of outstanding legal accomplishment, wisdom and good judgment. It is my belief that the men we have selected will allow this court to take its rightful place in our judicial system. It is a bench both balanced and responsive. It will, from the outset, be able to shoulder its full share of an appellate overload which for many years has been staggering." Sargent called the creation of the Appeals Court "the single most significant step in judicial reform in Massachusetts this century."[8]

He retired from politics after his defeat for reelection by Michael Dukakis in November 1974. He died in 1998 in Dover, Massachusetts,[9][10][11] and is buried at the Highland Cemetery in Dover, Massachusetts.

Cabinet

Governor Francis W. Sargent (right) supporting William L. Saltonstall (left) during his campaign for the US Congress, in Haverhill, 1969

The Sargent Cabinet
OFFICE	NAME	TERM
Governor	Francis W. Sargent	1969 – 1975
Lt. Governor	Donald R. Dwight	1971 – 1975
Secretary of Transportation	Alan Altshuler	1972 – 1975
Secretary of Communities and Development	Thomas I. Atkins	1971 – 1975
Secretary of Environmental Affairs	Charles H. W. Foster	1971 – 1975
Secretary of Consumer Affairs	William I. Cowin John R. Verani	1971 – 1972 1972 – 1975
Secretary of Human Services	Peter C. Goldmark, Jr. Lucy W. Benson	1971 – 1974 1974 – 1975
Secretary of Elder Affairs	Rose Claffey	1974 – 1975
Commissioner of Administration and Finance	Donald R. Dwight Charles R. Shepard Robert Yasi William I. Cowin David Marchand	1969 – 1970 1970 – 1971 1971 – 1972 1972 – 1974 1974 – 1975
Secretary of Public Safety	Richard E. McLaughlin	1971 – 1975
Secretary of Energy	Henry Lee	1971 – 1975

He achieved renown among conservationists and advocates of a multi-modal urban transportation system by canceling most highway construction inside Route 128, with the exception of the Northern Expressway in 1970. Sargent became a strong advocate for changing the federal laws governing aid to states for highway construction so that more funds were available for mass transit projects such as subways and light-rail vehicles.[12]

Frederick P. Salvucci, an engineer, said this of Sargent and the cancellation of the inner belt:

Yes, of course. In many ways the most thrilling moment in the history of the antihighway fight was when we won. And then Governor Sargent went on television and said, basically, he had been the public works commissioner who had fought for the inner belt earlier in his career and, as governor he said it was a mistake and "I'm going to admit that mistake and stop the program and we're going to shift towards public transportation." I mean it was thrilling. It was thrilling for us that had worked hard on it, but also, in fairness to Sargent how often do you see a public official who gets up and says, "I was wrong"? I mean it was an incredibly courageous thing for Frank Sargent to do, and I'm a Democrat. I don't say many good things about republicans. But he was a great man. I mean he had worked for this program. He always had an environmentalist bent to him. [A] lot of people do political analysis as to why he did this or that. I think he just believed what he said. "This was a mistake and we're going to go in a different direction." It was a thrilling moment in the history of it.

And then we actually moved in that new direction. I mean we shifted the funds, partly under Governor Sargent, partly under Governor Dukakis. Those monies that were going to go into destroying those neighborhoods or building the highways were shifted into refurbishing the commuter rail system, extending the Red Line, relocating the Orange Line, basically rebuilding the public transportation infrastructure of the city. That came out of that decision and another component of the same decision – you can go check that speech that Frank Sargent gave – was that the only highways that would continue to be studied within Route 128 would be the depression and widening of the Central Artery and the extension of I-90 over to Logan in an additional tunnel, the two components that are today called the Big Dig. Those were really part of that, if you will, anti-highway – "anti-highway's" probably the wrong name – pro-city decision that was made by Frank Sargent to shift towards a transportation strategy that would build the city instead of destroying it.

And a major component of that was, stop building destructive roads. Another major component was, put a lot of money into improving public transportation, and the third component that we're seeing built now is, take the existing Central Artery that's there and fix it. I mean fix it both from a transportation point of view, because it doesn't work, but also fix what it did to the city by etting it underground and knit the city back together again. That was a very thrilling moment in my life, when Sargent did it. And I've always respected him a great deal because of the courage that it took to do that.[13]

Sargent also called in Alan A. Altshuler, a political science professor at MIT take a new look at where we were headed in transportation policy. Sargent made him Secretary of Transportation and he presided over the Boston Transportation Planning Review. This review basically led to the stopping of the inner belt and the southwest expressway. Frederick P. Salvucci called them "two major very destructive interstate highways". But, the funds were reallocated towards public transportation, and saw the extension of the Red Line to Braintree and the relocation of the Orange Line.[14]

While at MIT, he became a member of the Number Six Club, a fraternity also known as the Tau chapter of Delta Psi. Sargent married Jessie Fay Sargent in 1938. She wrote a memoir in 1973 about their time in office, entitled The Governor's Wife: A View from Within. She helped to launch the Doric Dame, a group of volunteers that led tours of the Massachusetts State House. Jessie died on August 15, 2008, peacefully in her sleep.[15] They had a son, Bill Sargent of Ipswich, and two daughters, Fay of Acton and Jay of Middletown, Rhode Island.

Sargent's son, Francis W. "Bill" Sargent, Jr. was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives seat in Massachusetts's 10th congressional district in 1996. He lost the Republican nomination to Edward B. Teague III.[16] In 1978 Sargent, Jr. was considered by the State Republican Committee to succeed William A. Casey as the Republican nominee for Massachusetts State Auditor after Casey dropped out to support Democrat Edward J. King in the Governor's race.[17]

• History of Integrated Boston Busing