Faceting

In geometry, faceting (also spelled facetting) is the process of removing parts of a polygon, polyhedron or polytope, without creating any new vertices.

For other uses, see Facet (disambiguation).


Stella octangula as a faceting of the cube

New edges of a faceted polyhedron may be created along face diagonals or internal space diagonals. A faceted polyhedron will have two faces on each edge and creates new polyhedra or compounds of polyhedra.

Faceting is the reciprocal or dual process to stellation. For every stellation of some convex polytope, there exists a dual faceting of the dual polytope.

Faceted polygons

For example, a regular pentagon has one symmetry faceting, the pentagram, and the regular hexagon has two symmetric facetings, one as a polygon, and one as a compound of two triangles.

Pentagon Hexagon Decagon
Pentagram
{5/2}		 Star hexagon Compound
2{3}		 Decagram
{10/3}		 Compound
2{5}		 Compound
2{5/2}		 Star decagon

Faceted polyhedra

The regular icosahedron can be faceted into three regular Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra: small stellated dodecahedron, great dodecahedron, and great icosahedron. They all have 30 edges.

Convex Regular stars
icosahedron great dodecahedron small stellated dodecahedron great icosahedron

The regular dodecahedron can be faceted into one regular Kepler–Poinsot polyhedron, three uniform star polyhedra, and three regular polyhedral compound. The uniform stars and compound of five cubes are constructed by face diagonals. The excavated dodecahedron is a facetting with star hexagon faces.

Convex Regular star Uniform stars Vertex-transitive
dodecahedron great stellated dodecahedron Small ditrigonal icosi-dodecahedron Ditrigonal dodeca-dodecahedron Great ditrigonal icosi-dodecahedron Excavated dodecahedron
Convex Regular compounds
dodecahedron five tetrahedra five cubes ten tetrahedra

History
Facetings of icosahedron (giving the shape of a great dodecahedron) and pentakis dodecahedron in Jamnitzer's book

Faceting has not been studied as extensively as stellation.

  • In 1568 Wenzel Jamnitzer published his book Perspectiva Corporum Regularium, showing many stellations and facetings of polyhedra.[1]
  • In 1619, Kepler described a regular compound of two tetrahedra which fits inside a cube, and which he called the Stella octangula.
  • In 1858, Bertrand derived the regular star polyhedra (Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra) by faceting the regular convex icosahedron and dodecahedron.
  • In 1974, Bridge enumerated the more straightforward facetings of the regular polyhedra, including those of the dodecahedron.
  • In 2006, Inchbald described the basic theory of faceting diagrams for polyhedra. For a given vertex, the diagram shows all the possible edges and facets (new faces) which may be used to form facetings of the original hull. It is dual to the dual polyhedron's stellation diagram, which shows all the possible edges and vertices for some face plane of the original core.

References

Notes
  1. Mathematical Treasure: Wenzel Jamnitzer's Platonic Solids by Frank J. Swetz (2013): "In this study of the five Platonic solids, Jamnitzer truncated, stellated, and faceted the regular solids [...]"

Bibliography
  • Bertrand, J. Note sur la théorie des polyèdres réguliers, Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, 46 (1858), pp. 79–82.
  • Bridge, N.J. Facetting the dodecahedron, Acta crystallographica A30 (1974), pp. 548–552.
  • Inchbald, G. Facetting diagrams, The mathematical gazette, 90 (2006), pp. 253–261.
  • Alan Holden, Shapes, Space, and Symmetry. New York: Dover, 1991. p.94
  • Weisstein, Eric W. "Faceting". MathWorld.
  • Olshevsky, George. "Faceting". Glossary for Hyperspace. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007.
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