External border of the European Union

The border of the European Union consists of European Union (EU) countries' borders with countries which are not members of the EU.

Map of the European Union (as of March 2020)

List of bilateral land borders

Current borders
  1. Austria–Liechtenstein border (S)
  2. Austria–Switzerland border (S)
  3. Bulgaria–North Macedonia border
  4. Bulgaria–Serbia border
  5. Bulgaria–Turkey border
  6. Croatia–Bosnia and Herzegovina border
  7. Croatia–Montenegro border
  8. Croatia–Serbia border
  9. Cyprus–Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK) borders (Akrotiri and Dhekelia have not been part of the EU)
  10. Estonia–Russia border
  11. Finland–Norway border (S)
  12. Finland–Russia border
  13. France–Andorra border
  14. France–Brazil border
  15. France–Monaco border (O)
  16. France–Netherlands border (Saint-Martin and Sint Maarten); see Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls
  17. France–Suriname border
  18. France–Switzerland border (S)
  19. France–United Kingdom border (channel tunnel)
  20. Germany–Switzerland border (S)
  21. Greece–Albania border
  22. Greece–North Macedonia border
  23. Greece–Turkey border
  24. Hungary–Serbia border
  25. Hungary–Ukraine border
  26. Ireland–United Kingdom border
  27. Italy–San Marino border (O)
  28. Italy–Switzerland border (S)
  29. Italy–Vatican City border (O)
  30. Latvia–Belarus border
  31. Latvia–Russia border
  32. Lithuania–Belarus border
  33. Lithuania–Russia border
  34. Poland–Belarus border
  35. Poland–Russia border
  36. Poland–Ukraine border
  37. Romania–Moldova border
  38. Romania–Serbia border
  39. Romania–Ukraine border
  40. Slovakia–Ukraine border
  41. Spain–Andorra border
  42. Spain–Gibraltar (UK) border
  43. Spain–Morocco border
  44. Sweden–Norway border (S)
  • (S) = Internal Schengen border, no border control, although there may be customs control due to the external EU border status
  • (O) = Open border to microstates, minimal border control

De facto borders
  1. Cyprus–Northern Cyprus border (Green Line)

Former borders
Border From Until
Germany–Denmark border 1957 1973
France–Spain border 1957 1986
West German–East German border 1957 1990
Germany–Austria border 1957 1995
Italy–Austria border 1957 1995
Germany–Poland border 1990 2004
Germany–Czech Republic border 1957,
1990		 2004
Austria–Czech Republic border 1995 2004
Austria–Slovakia border 1995 2004
Austria–Hungary border 1995 2004
Austria–Slovenia border 1995 2004
Italy–Slovenia border 1957 2004
Hungary–Romania border 2004 2007
Greece–Bulgaria border 1981 2007
Hungary–Croatia border 2004 2013
Slovenia–Croatia border 2004 2013

Border status and cooperation

In 2004 the European Union developed the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) for the promotion of cooperation between the EU and its neighbors to the East and South of the European territory of the EU (i.e., excluding its outermost regions),[1] which, in part, includes the Cross-Border Cooperation programme aimed at the promotion of economic development in border areas and ensuring border security.[2]

See also

References
  1. What is the European Neighbourhood Policy?
  2. "The new European Neighbourhood Instrument: providing increased support to the EU's partners". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
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