Erythroxylum
Erythroxylum (Erythroxylon) is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the drug cocaine;[1][2] Erythroxylum coca, a native of South America, is the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, Erythroxylum vacciniifolium (also known as Catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine.
Fruits of Erythroxylum deciduum
| Erythroxylum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Erythroxylum monogynum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Erythroxylaceae |
| Genus: | Erythroxylum P. Browne |
| Species | |
|
200+, see text | |
Erythroxylum species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several Morpho species and Dalcera abrasa, which has been recorded on E. deciduum, and the species of Agrias.
Erythroxylum citrifolium
Species include:
- Erythroxylum amazonicum
- Erythroxylum areolatum
- Erythroxylum argentatum
- Erythroxylum australe - Brigalow erythroxylum shrub
- Erythroxylum brownianum
- Erythroxylum campestre
- Erythroxylum carinatus
- Erythroxylum cataractarum
- Erythroxylum citrifolium
- Erythroxylum coca - coca
- Erythroxylum cumanense
- Erythroxylum deciduum
- Erythroxylum ecarinatum - Brown plum
- Erythroxylum ellipticum - Kerosene wood or turpentine tree
- Erythroxylum fimbriatum
- Erythroxylum glaucum
- Erythroxylum gracilipes
- Erythroxylum hypericifolium
- Erythroxylum impressum
- Erythroxylum incrassatum
- Erythroxylum jamaicense
- Erythroxylum kochummenii
- Erythroxylum laurifolium
- Erythroxylum lucidum
- Erythroxylum macrocnemum
- Erythroxylum macrophyllum
- Erythroxylum mamacoca
- Erythroxylum monogynum
- Erythroxylum montanum
- Erythroxylum mucronatum
- Erythroxylum novogranatense - Colombian coca & Trujillo coca
- Erythroxylum obtusifolium
- Erythroxylum ovalifolium
- Erythroxylum ovatum
- Erythroxylum pacificum
- Erythroxylum panamense
- Erythroxylum pelleterianum
- Erythroxylum pulchrum
- Erythroxylum recurrens
- Erythroxylum retusum
- Erythroxylum rotundifolium
- Erythroxylum rufum
- Erythroxylum ruizii
- Erythroxylum sechellarum
- Erythroxylum shatoni
- Erythroxylum socotranum
- Erythroxylum steyermarkii
- Erythroxylum ulei
- Erythroxylum vaccinifolium, syn. Erythroxylum catuaba - Catuaba
- Erythroxylum zambesiacum
- Erythroxylum zeylanicum
Erythroxylum tortuosum
References
- Dr Duke's List of plants containing COCAINE "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2004-11-07. Retrieved 2004-11-07.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2006; 103: 439-447. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.021
External links
- GRIN Species Records of Erythroxylum
- Erythroxylum at Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database
- Australian and Worldwide Erythroxylum Species at Australian Rareplants Site
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