Enid Riddell

Enid Mary Riddell was a British socialite and racing driver during the 1930s and '40s. She was also a member of some far-right political groups in England and was imprisoned for violating the Official Secrets Act during World War II.

Enid Riddell
Born(1903-03-23)23 March 1903
DiedMarch 1980(1980-03-00) (aged 75–76)
NationalityBritish
OccupationRacing driver

Biography

Early years

Riddell was born in Marylebone, London, on 23 March 1903.[1]

Middle years

Described as a striking and poised young woman-about-town, Riddell pursued two interests; motor racing and fascism.[2][3] She was a member of the Nordic League, a far-right, pro-Nazi organisation that worked to coordinate similarly-minded groups in England.[4]

Riddell was also a member of the Right Club (RC), a British fascist and antisemitic group established by Scottish Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) Archibald Maule Ramsay, often referred to as "Captain Ramsay".

Riddell had been recruited into the RC by Anna Wolkoff, daughter of Admiral Nikolai Wolkoff (1870–1954), the last Imperial Russian naval attaché posted to London before the revolution.[5] Wolkoff held right-wing, antisemitic, anti-communist views and was considered a Nazi sympathetizer. Her family was naturalised, and operated the Russian Tea Rooms in London. Riddell and Wolkoff maintained a long-lasting association.[6]

When Britain entered the war, Ramsay closed the RC down, but several women members, with Riddell promiment among them, kept the organisation in operation.[7][2] Riddell trained as Wolkoff's understudy, and as an aide-de-camp for Ramsay.[8][2] Immediately after the arrest of Kent and Wolkoff, Riddell moved the meetings of the RC to the Wolkoff's Russian Tea Rooms.[5]

It was through Wolkoff that Riddell became involved in the Tyler Kent affair.[9] Kent was a cypher clerk at the American embassy in London. He stole copies of correspondences between American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill wherein Roosevelt, while publicly avowing America's neutrality, was making commitments that would draw the US into the war.[10] Churchill was at the time first lord of the Admiralty, and was communicating with the American President without the knowledge of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. Publication of the correspondence had the potential to harm both Roosevelt and Churchill.[11] The documents were believed to have been forwarded to Germany via a contact at the Italian embassy in London.[12][13]

In January 1940 Riddell, Wolkoff, Kent and Don Francesco Maringliano Duco Del Monte, the Italian assistant military attaché in London, met at the L'Escargot restaurant in Soho.[14]:244, 245[15] Riddel and Del Monte tried to arrange another meeting with Kent at La Coquille restaurant, but by this time Kent had already been arrested. Riddell was called to testify as a witness for the defense for Kent and Wolkoff.[16]

Riddell's apartment was raided on 21 May 1940.[17]:148 Apart from Riddell's message to Kent, the raid did not turn up anything significant.[2] Riddell was interrogated at Scotland Yard, and her uncooperative responses convinced the officer interviewing her that she knew more than she was telling, and that immediate detention was warranted.[2]

In 1940 Riddell was convicted of offences under the Official Secrets Act 1911, then detained under the expanded Defence Regulation 18B (DR 18B) and interned in Holloway prison.[16]:194[8][18]

Later years

After her release from prison in 1943, Riddell resumed her activity in right-wing groups.[3] She later moved to Málaga, Spain, where she ran a club called La Rascasse ("The Scorpion Fish"), a reference to the tight final corner of the Grand Prix course at Monaco, and the bar located inside its radius.[3]

In 1973 Wolkoff visited Riddell in Spain. With her eyesight failing, Riddell allowed Wolkoff to drive, and the pair's car was struck from behind, throwing Wolkoff out to her death.[6]

Riddell died in London in March 1980 at the age of 76.[3]

Racing career

In 1933 Riddell appeared in the Monte Carlo Rally driving an Alvis Speed 20, retiring due to fuel problems.[19]

In May 1933 she bought a new MG K3 Magnette, chassis K3008, registered as AGW 37.[20] The car was loaned to Hugh Hamilton, who drove it in the 1933 Mannin Beg and at Donington Park on 19 August the same year. Riddell drove K3008 in the 1934 Rallye Paris - Saint-Raphaël Féminin, where she finished first in class and 2nd overall, and also posted fastest time of the day on the Pougues Les Eaux hill climb stage.[21]

She appeared in the Monte Carlo rally again in 1934, this time in an AC 16/80, paired with co-driver H. Comtesse Moy.[22]

Riddell and K3008 ran the Paris - Saint-Raphaël again in 1935, 1936, and 1938, finishing ninth in 1935 and first in class in 1938.[23] She appeared in the race again in 1939 in a Frazer Nash BMW.[24]

In May 1936 Riddell and K3008 ran the hillclimb at La Turbie, where she took second place.[25]

At the 1937 24 Hours of Le Mans an MG PB owned by George Eyston was co-driven to a sixteenth place finish by Dorothy Stanley-Turner and a driver listed as Joan Riddell.[26] Some references assert that Joan Riddell was actually Enid Riddell.[27][28] While some have suggested that the name Joan Riddell is a conflation of Enid Riddell and Joan Richmond, one source mentions both Joan Riddell and Joan Richmond as distinct persons at the race.[29]:88 Another source of biographical information for the 1937 race records a full name of Joan Hardwick Riddell, born in Wales on 16 April 1912, died July 1997 in Surrey.[30] A summary written shortly after the event lists Enid Riddell as Dorothy Turner's partner in an MG in the 751-1100 cc class.[31]

Riddell took second place, a first in the 2 L class, and the Coupe des Dames trophy in July 1946 at the Rallye des Alpes Françaises driving a 1937 AC 16/80 Competition Sports, registration EPJ 101, partnered with Betty Haig.[32][33]

Riddell drove an Austin-Healey 100 registered NUE 854 with co-driver Betty Haig in the 1954 Paris St. Raphael.[34] The pair finished seventh overall, taking a class win in the 2000–3000 cc class and a Coupe de Vitesse.[34]

References
  1. "Enid Mary Riddell (1903-1980) • FamilySearch". ancestors.familysearch.org.
  2. Willetts, Paul (21 March 2017). Rendezvous at the Russian Tea Rooms: The Spyhunter, the Fashion Designer & the Man From Moscow. Constable & Robinson. ISBN 978-1472119872.
  3. Griffiths, Richard (13 October 2016). What Did You Do During the War?: The Last Throes of the British Pro-Nazi Right, 1940-45. Routledge. ISBN 978-1138888968.
  4. Simkin, John (January 2020). "Nordic League". spartacus-educational.com.
  5. Stevenson, Rachel (31 March 2016). Secrecy and Structure: The Social Organisation of Clandestine Groups (PDF) (Thesis). The University of Manchester.
  6. Cullen, Stephen Michael (2 March 2015). Fanatical Fay Taylour : her sporting and political life at speed, 1904-1983 (PDF). Warwick: Allotment Hub.
  7. Griffiths, Richard (19 August 2010). Patriotism Perverted. Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0571272679.
  8. Hennessey, Thomas; Thomas, Claire (15 July 2010). Spooks the Unofficial History of MI5 From M to Miss X 1909-39. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1848685260.
  9. Lippman, David H. (August 2014). "The Traitorous Code Clerk, Part Six". www.avalanchepress.com.
  10. Lukes, Igor. "Espionage: A Lout's Game No More".
  11. Simkin, John (January 2020). "Tyler Kent". spartacus-educational.com.
  12. "The Unmasking of Tyler Kent, Spy". The Argus. Melbourne, Australia. 15 September 1945. p. 6.
  13. Folly, Martin; Palmer, Niall (20 April 2010). The A to Z of U.S. Diplomacy from World War I through World War II. Scarecrow Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-0810875531.
  14. Hemming, Henry (9 May 2017). Agent M: The Lives and Spies of MI5's Maxwell Knight. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1610396844.
  15. Pile, Jonathan William (24 May 2012). hurchill's Secret Enemy: MI5 and the Plot to stop Winston Churchill. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1477524749.
  16. Clough, Bryan (30 October 2005). State Secrets: The Kent-Wolkoff Affair. Hideaway Pubn Ltd. ISBN 978-0952547730.
  17. Simpson, A. W. Brian (11 February 1993). In the Highest Degree Odious: Detention Without Trial in Wartime Britain. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198257752.
  18. "Miss Enid Mary RIDDELL: British". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. 1 May 2002.
  19. "12. Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 1933". www.classiccarcatalogue.com.
  20. "La magnette K3008 vendue à Rétromobile" [Magnette K3008 sold at Retromobile] (PDF). Heritage — Le Magazine Du MG Club De France. No. 26. May 2010. p. 7.
  21. "Another fabulous collection in store for Fiskens' Retromobile return". www.finecars.cc.
  22. "13. Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 1934". www.classiccarcatalogue.com.
  23. Bayne-Powell, Philip (April 2010). "TRIPLE-M REGISTER BULLETIN No. 54 April 2010" (PDF). Triple-M Register Bulletin.
  24. "1939 Miscellaneous Rallies". www.dlg.speedfreaks.org.
  25. "STUCK REGAINS LA TURBIE RECORD". Motor Sport. May 1936.
  26. "Press Information: History Results Statistics" (pdf). assets.lemans.org.
  27. H-G, Rachel (15 May 2015). "Dorothy Stanley-Turner". speedqueens.blogspot.com.
  28. H-G, Rachel (15 October 2010). "Women at Le Mans: pre 1950". speedqueens.blogspot.com.
  29. Bouzanquet, Jean François (1 July 2009). Fast Ladies: Female Racing Drivers 1888 to 1970. Veloce Publishing. ISBN 978-1845842253.
  30. "Joan Riddell". database.motorsportmagazine.com.
  31. "Class Results". Motor Sport. July 1937.
  32. Byron, David (19 April 2014). "Test-drive AC 16/80". drive-my.com.
  33. "1946 Miscellaneous Rallies". Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  34. "HEALEY Data — BN1134375". www.healeydata.com.
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