Málaga

Málaga (/ˈmæləɡə/, Spanish: [ˈmalaɣa]) is a municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 571,026 in 2018,[4] it is the second-most populous city of Andalusia after Seville and the sixth most populous in Spain. It lies on the Costa del Sol (Coast of the Sun) of the Mediterranean, about 100 kilometres (62.14 miles) east of the Strait of Gibraltar and about 130 km (80.78 mi) north of Africa.

Málaga
Flag
Coat of arms
Málaga
Location in Spain
Málaga
Location in Andalusia
Málaga
Location in Province of Málaga
Coordinates: 36°43′10″N 4°25′12″W
Country Spain
Autonomous community Andalusia
Province Province of Málaga
ComarcaMálaga-Costa del Sol
Founded8th century BC[1]
Government
  TypeAyuntamiento
  BodyCity Council of Málaga
  MayorFrancisco de la Torre Prados (PP)
Area
  Municipality398 km2 (154 sq mi)
  Urban
827 km2 (319 sq mi)
Elevation
11 m (36 ft)
Population
 (2018)[2]
  Municipality571,026
  Rank6th
  Density1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi)
  Urban
967,250[3]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode
29001-29018
Calling code+34 (Spain) 95 (Málaga)
Websitewww.malaga.eu

Málaga's history spans about 2,800 years, making it one of the oldest cities in Europe and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. According to most scholars, it was founded about 770 BC by the Phoenicians as Malaka[5] (Punic: 𐤌𐤋𐤊𐤀, MLKʾ).[6] From the 6th century BC the city was under the hegemony of Ancient Carthage, and from 218 BC, it was ruled by the Roman Republic and then empire as Malaca (Latin). After the fall of the empire and the end of Visigothic rule, it was under Islamic rule as Mālaqah (Arabic: مالقة) for 800 years, but in 1487, the Crown of Castille gained control in the midst of the Granada War. The archaeological remains and monuments from the Phoenician, Roman, Arabic and Christian eras make the historic center of the city an "open museum", displaying its history of nearly 3,000 years.

The painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso, Hebrew poet and Jewish philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol and the actor Antonio Banderas were born in Málaga. The magnum opus of Cuban composer Ernesto Lecuona, "Malagueña", is named after the music of this region of Spain.

The most important business sectors in Málaga are tourism, construction and technology services, but other sectors such as transportation and logistics are beginning to expand. The Andalusia Technology Park (PTA), located in Málaga, has enjoyed significant growth since its inauguration in 1992. Málaga is home of the region's largest bank, Unicaja, and it is the fourth-ranking city in economic activity in Spain behind Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia, which ranks first in Andalusia.[7]

History

Clay amphora from the Cerro del Villar site, near the mouth of the Guadalhorce (6th century BC).
La malagueña (1919) by Julio Romero de Torres

Phoenicians from Tyre founded a colony named Málaka (Greek: Μάλακα)[8] or Malake[6] about 770 BC. The town controlled access to the Guadalmedina and served as a waypoint on trade routes between Phoenicia and the Strait of Gibraltar. Like other Phoenician colonies, it fell under Carthaginian rule during the 6th or 5th century BC. The Phoenician and Later Roman urban core developed around an area running from the Gibralfaro Hill to the mouth of the Malaca flumen (Guadalmedina).[9]

After the Punic Wars, the Roman Republic took control of the town known to them as Malaca. By the 1st century BC, Strabo alluded to its Phoenician profile, in contrast to the hellenized characteristics of the neighbouring settlement of Mainake.[10]

Transformed into a confederated city, it was under a special law, the Lex Flavia Malacitana. A Roman theatre was built at this time.[11] After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was ruled first by the Visigoths. The city was taken circa 552 by the Byzantine Empire;[12] either Malaca or Carthago Nova possibly then becoming the capital of the province of Spania.[13] The Byzantines restored and expanded the docks, thus consolidating the fishing and trading tradition the city already enjoyed.[13] The city was retaken by the Visigoth King Sisebuto in 615.[14] The visigoths ruled the city until the Umayyad Caliphate's conquest of the area in 711.

A 19th-century reconstruction of Moorish Malaqah

In the 8th century, the city became an important regional trade center. After its secession from the Abbassid caliphate, the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba (later Caliphate) ruled over the town known to them as Mālaqah. After the fall of Spain's branch of the Umayyads, Malaqah became the capital of a distinct kingdom ruled by the Zirids. From 1025 it was the capital of an autonomous taifa, until its conquest by the Emirate of Granada in 1239.

The traveller Ibn Battuta, who passed through around 1325, characterised it as "one of the largest and most beautiful towns of Andalusia [uniting] the conveniences of both sea and land, and... abundantly supplied with foodstuffs and fruits". He praised its grapes, figs, and almonds; "its ruby-coloured Murcian pomegranates have no equal in the world." Another exported product was its "excellent gilded pottery". The town's mosque was large and beautiful, with "exceptionally tall orange trees" in its courtyard.[15]

Málaga was one of the cities of the Iberian Peninsula where Muslim rule persisted the longest. While most other parts of the peninsula had already been won back during the "Reconquista", Malaqah remained part of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. Málaga was seized by Christian forces on 18 August 1487,[16] after a 3-month 11 days siege.[17] The Muslim inhabitants resisted assaults and artillery bombardments before hunger forced them to surrender; virtually the entire population was sold into slavery or given as "gifts" to other Christian rulers,[18] five years before the fall of Granada.

Málaga in 1572: Castle of Gibralfaro (center)

On 24 August 1704 the indecisive Battle of Málaga, the largest naval battle in the War of the Spanish Succession, took place in the sea south of Málaga.

Republican refugees fleeing Málaga during the Desbandá (8 February 1937).

After the coup of July 1936 the government of the Second Republic retained control of Málaga. Its harbour was a base of the Republican navy at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. It suffered heavy bombing by Italian warships which took part in breaking the Republican navy's blockade of Nationalist-held Spanish Morocco and took part in naval bombardment of Republican-held Málaga.[19] After the Battle of Málaga and the Francoist takeover in February 1937, over seven thousand people were killed,[20] as they were trying to flee the city through the road to Almería.

The well-known British journalist and writer Arthur Koestler was captured by the Nationalist forces on their entry into Málaga, which formed the material for his book Spanish Testament. The first chapters of the book include an eye-witness account of the 1937 fall of Málaga to Francisco Franco’s armies during the Spanish Civil War.

The city also suffered shelling later by Spanish Republican naval units. After the war, Málaga and Koestler's old haunts of Torremolinos and the rest of the Costa del Sol enjoyed the highest growth of the tourism sector in Spain.

Geography

Location

Physical map of the municipality

Málaga is located in southern Spain, on the Costa del Sol (Coast of the Sun) on the northern side of the Alboran Sea (the westernmost portion of the Mediterranean Sea). It lies about 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of the Strait of Gibraltar and about 130 kilometres (81 miles) east of Tarifa (the southernmost point of continental Europe) and about 130 km (81 miles) to the north of Africa.

The Montes de Málaga mountain range (part of the Penibaetic System) is located in the northeast of the municipality. The highest point in the range (and in the municipality) is the Pico Reina, rising up to 1,031 m (3,383 ft) above sea level.[21]

The city centre is located around the mouth of the Guadalmedina and close to the Guadalhorce's mouth (where the airport is located). The Totalán Creek constitutes the eastern boundary of Málaga with the municipality of Rincón de la Victoria.[22]

The Gibralfaro is a 130 m (427 ft) high foothill from which the Gibralfaro Castle and the Alcazaba fortress overlook the city.[23]

Climate

Málaga
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
69
 
 
17
7
 
 
60
 
 
18
8
 
 
52
 
 
20
10
 
 
44
 
 
21
11
 
 
20
 
 
24
14
 
 
6
 
 
28
18
 
 
0
 
 
31
21
 
 
6
 
 
31
21
 
 
20
 
 
28
19
 
 
57
 
 
24
15
 
 
101
 
 
20
11
 
 
100
 
 
18
9
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología

The climate is subtropical-Mediterranean (Köppen climate classification: Csa)[24] with very mild winters and hot summers. Málaga enjoys plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of about 300 days of sunshine and only about 40-45 with precipitation annually. Its coastal location with winds blowing from the Mediterranean Sea make the heat manageable during the summer.[25]

Málaga experiences the warmest winters of any European city with a population over 500,000. The average temperature during the day in the period from December to February is 17–18 °C (63–64 °F). During the winter, the Málaga Mountains (Montes de Málaga) block out the cold weather from the north.[25] Generally, the summer season lasts about eight months, from April to November, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes surpass 24 °C (75 °F). Its average annual temperature is 23.3 °C (73.9 °F) during the day and 13.7 °C (56.7 °F) at night. In the coldest month, January, the temperature ranges from 13 to 20 °C (55 to 68 °F) during the day, 5 to 13 °C (41 to 55 °F) at night and the average sea temperature is 16–17 °C (61–63 °F). In the warmest month, August, the temperature ranges from 26 to 34 °C (79 to 93 °F) during the day, above 20 °C (68 °F) at night and the average sea temperature is 26 °C (79 °F).

Large fluctuations in temperature are rare. The highest temperature ever recorded at the airport is 44.2 °C (111.6 °F) on 18 July 1978. In the month of August 1881, the average reported daytime maximum temperature was a record 34.8 °C (94.6 °F). The coldest temperature ever recorded was −3.8 °C (25.2 °F) on the night of 4 February 1954.[26] The highest wind speed ever recorded was on 16 July 1980, measuring 119 km/h (73.94 mph). Snowfall is virtually unknown; since the end of the XIX century, Málaga city has only recorded snow one day in the 20th century, on 2 February 1954.[27]

Annual average relative humidity is 65%, ranging from 58% in June to 72% in December.[28] Yearly sunshine hours is between 2,800 and 3,000 per year, from 5–6 hours of sunshine / day in December to average 11 hours of sunshine / day in July.[28][29][30] Rain occurs mainly in winter, with summer being generally dry. Málaga is one of the few cities in Europe which are "green" all year round.

Climate data for Málaga Airport, Churriana, Spain (1981–2010), Extremes (1942-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 26.8
(80.2)
30.0
(86.0)
31.4
(88.5)
33.0
(91.4)
35.0
(95.0)
41.0
(105.8)
44.2
(111.6)
44.0
(111.2)
40.0
(104.0)
36.3
(97.3)
30.4
(86.7)
24.6
(76.3)
44.2
(111.6)
Average high °C (°F) 16.8
(62.2)
17.7
(63.9)
19.6
(67.3)
21.4
(70.5)
24.3
(75.7)
28.1
(82.6)
30.5
(86.9)
30.8
(87.4)
28.2
(82.8)
24.1
(75.4)
20.1
(68.2)
17.5
(63.5)
23.3
(73.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.1
(53.8)
12.9
(55.2)
14.7
(58.5)
16.3
(61.3)
19.3
(66.7)
23.0
(73.4)
25.5
(77.9)
26.0
(78.8)
23.5
(74.3)
19.5
(67.1)
15.7
(60.3)
13.2
(55.8)
18.5
(65.3)
Average low °C (°F) 7.4
(45.3)
8.2
(46.8)
9.8
(49.6)
11.1
(52.0)
14.2
(57.6)
18.0
(64.4)
20.5
(68.9)
21.1
(70.0)
18.8
(65.8)
15.0
(59.0)
11.3
(52.3)
8.9
(48.0)
13.7
(56.7)
Record low °C (°F) −2.6
(27.3)
−3.8
(25.2)
−1.2
(29.8)
2.8
(37.0)
5.0
(41.0)
12.8
(55.0)
14.0
(57.2)
15.2
(59.4)
10.2
(50.4)
5.6
(42.1)
1.4
(34.5)
−0.8
(30.6)
−3.8
(25.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 69
(2.7)
60
(2.4)
52
(2.0)
44
(1.7)
20
(0.8)
6
(0.2)
0
(0)
6
(0.2)
20
(0.8)
57
(2.2)
101
(4.0)
100
(3.9)
534
(21.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 6 5 4 5 3 1 0 1 2 4 6 7 42
Mean monthly sunshine hours 181 180 222 244 292 329 347 316 255 215 172 160 2,905
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[31] Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[28]
Climate data for Málaga Airport, Churriana, Spain (1981–2010) Highest and lowest mean temperatures
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean maximum °C (°F) 19.7
(67.5)
20.6
(69.1)
21.7
(71.1)
23.8
(74.8)
26.0
(78.8)
30.4
(86.7)
32.5
(90.5)
32.3
(90.1)
29.6
(85.3)
26.3
(79.3)
22.4
(72.3)
19.4
(66.9)
32.5
(90.5)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4)
5.5
(41.9)
7.5
(45.5)
8.4
(47.1)
11.6
(52.9)
14.9
(58.8)
18.8
(65.8)
19.0
(66.2)
16.8
(62.2)
12.5
(54.5)
9.1
(48.4)
6.3
(43.3)
5.2
(41.4)
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[32]
Climate data for Málaga
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F) 15.9
(60.7)
15.6
(60.0)
15.6
(60.0)
16.8
(62.2)
18.4
(65.2)
21.0
(69.7)
22.9
(73.2)
23.5
(74.3)
21.9
(71.3)
20.5
(68.8)
18.1
(64.5)
16.5
(61.8)
18.9
(66.0)
Mean daily daylight hours 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 14.0 14.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 12.2
Average Ultraviolet index 2 4 5 7 8 10 10 9 7 5 3 2 6
Source: Weather Atlas [33]

Main sights

View of the old Alcazaba
The Cathedral of the Incarnation
The Concepción viewpoint
The historic Anglican Cemetery of St. George is the oldest non-Roman Catholic Christian cemetery established on mainland Spain (in 1831).

The old historic centre of Málaga reaches the harbour to the south. In the north it is surrounded by mountains, the Montes de Málaga (part of the Baetic Cordillera) lying in the southern base of the Axarquía hills, and two rivers, the Guadalmedina – the historic center is located on its left bank – and the Guadalhorce, which flows west of the city into the Mediterranean, in the Churriana district.

The oldest architectural remains in the city are the walls of the Phoenician city, which are visible in the cellar of the Museo Picasso Málaga.

The Roman theatre of Málaga, which dates from the 1st century BC, was rediscovered in 1951.[34]

The Moors left posterity the dominating presence of the Castle of Gibralfaro, which is connected to the Alcazaba, the lower fortress and royal residence. Both were built during the Taifa period (11th century) and extended during the Nasrid period (13th and 14th centuries). The Alcazaba stands on a hill within the city. Originally, it defended the city from the incursions of pirates. Later, in the 11th century, it was completely rebuilt by the Hammudid dynasty.[35] Occupying the eastern hillside that rises from the sea and overlooks the city, the Alcazaba was surrounded by palms and pine trees.

Like many of the military fortifications that were constructed in Islamic Spain, the Alcazaba of Málaga featured a quadrangular plan. It was protected by an outer and inner wall, both supported by rectangular towers, between which a covered walkway led up the slope to the Gibralfaro (this was the only exchange between the two sites). Due to its rough and awkward hillside topography, corridors throughout the site provided a means of communications for administrative and defensive operations, also affording privacy to the palatial residential quarters.

The entrance of the complex featured a grand tower that led into a sophisticated double bent entrance. After passing through several gates, open yards with beautiful gardens of pine and eucalyptus trees, and the inner wall through the Puerta de Granada, one finds the 11th- and 14th-century Governor's palace. It was organised around a central rectangular courtyard with a triple-arched gateway and some of the rooms have been preserved to this day. An open 11th-century mirador (belvedere) to the south of this area affords views of the gardens and sea below. Measuring 2.5 square metres (27 square feet), this small structure highlighted scalloped, five-lobed arches. To the north of this area were a waterwheel and a Cyclopean well (penetrating forty metres or 130 feet below ground), a hammam, workshops and the monumental Puerta de la Torre del Homenaje, the northernmost point of the inner walls. Directly beyond was the passage to the Gibralfaro above.

The Church of Santiago (Saint James) is an example of Gothic vernacular Mudéjar, the hybrid style that evolved after the Reconquista incorporating elements from both Christian and Islamic tradition. Also from the period is the Iglesia del Sagrario, which was built on the site of the old mosque immediately after the city fell to Christian troops. It boasts a richly ornamented portal in the Isabeline-Gothic style, unique in the city.

The Cathedral and the Episcopal Palace were planned with Renaissance architectural ideals but there was a shortfall of building funds and they were finished in Baroque style.

The Basílica y Real Santuario de Santa María de la Victoria, built in the late 17th century, has a chapel in which the vertical volume is filled with elaborate Baroque plasterwork.

Other sights include:

Demographics

As of 2018, the population of Málaga is 571,026, accounting for 527,463 Spanish nationals and 43,563 foreign citizens.[36]

The number of resident foreign nationals has risen significantly in Málaga since the 1970s. [37]

Metropolitan area
Population density map of the Province of Málaga.

The urban area, stretching mostly along a narrow strip of coastline, has a population of 1,066,532 on 827.33 square kilometres (319.43 sq mi) (density 1,289 inhabitants/km2 – 2012 data). It is formed by Málaga proper together with the following adjacent towns and municipalities: Rincón de la Victoria, Torremolinos, Benalmádena, Fuengirola, Alhaurín de la Torre, Mijas, Marbella and San Pedro Alcántara. The Málaga metropolitan area includes additional municipalities located mostly in the mountains area north of the coast and also some on the coast: Cártama, Pizarra, Coín, Monda, Ojén, Alhaurín el Grande and Estepona on west; Casabermeja on north; Totalán, Algarrobo, Torrox and Vélez-Málaga eastward from Málaga; centered Málaga urban area (Málaga, Rincón de la Victoria, Torremolinos, Benalmádena, Fuengirola, Marbella, Mijas) and Alhaurín de la Torre.

Together about 1.3 million (max. 1.6 million) people live in the Málaga metropolitan area and the number grows every year as all the municipalities and cities of the area record an annual increase in population.

Politics and administration

City Hall

Málaga is a municipality, the basic level of local government in Spain. The Ayuntamiento is the body charged with the municipal government and administration. The Plenary of the ayuntamiento is formed by 31 elected municipal councillors, who in turn invest the mayor. The last municipal election took place on 26 May 2019. The current mayor is Francisco de la Torre Prados (People's Party), who has won several mandates since becoming mayor in 2000.[38] The city hall is located at the Casona del Parque, a Neo-Baroque building inaugurated in 1919.[39]

Málaga is divided in 11 municipal districts.[40]

District District Location
1 Centro 7 Carretera de Cádiz
2 Este 8 Churriana
3 Ciudad Jardín 9 Campanillas
4 Bailén-Miraflores 10 Puerto de la Torre
5 Palma-Palmilla 11 Teatinos-Universidad
6 Cruz de Humilladero


Economy

Trade Fair and Congress in Málaga (Palacio de Ferias y Congresos de Málaga)

Málaga is the fourth-ranking city in economic activity in Spain behind Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia.[7]

Aerial view of the Andalusia Technology Park.

The most important business sectors in Málaga are tourism, construction and technology services, but other sectors such as transportation and logistics are beginning to expand. The Andalusia Technology Park (PTA) (In Spanish, "Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía"), located in Málaga, has enjoyed significant growth since its inauguration in 1992 by the King of Spain. In 2018, this high-tech, science and industrial park employs over 16,774 workers, according to its own numbers.[41]

In line with the city's strategic plan, the campaign "Málaga: Open for Business" is directed towards the international promotion of the city on all levels but fundamentally on a business level. The campaign places a special emphasis on new technologies as well as innovation and research in order to promote the city as a reference and focal point for many global business initiatives and projects.[42]

Málaga is a city of commerce and tourism has been a growing source of revenue, driven by the presence of a major airport, the improvement of communications, and new infrastructure such as the AVE and the maritime station, and new cultural facilities such as the Picasso Museum, the Contemporary Art Centre and Trade Fair and Congress, which have drawn more tourists.[43]

The city hosts the International Association of Science and Technology Parks (IASP) (Asociación Internacional de Parques Tecnológicos), and a group of IT company executives and business leaders has launched an information sector initiative, Málaga Valley e-27, which seeks to make Málaga the Silicon Valley of Europe. Málaga has had strong growth in new technology industries, mainly located in the Technological Park of Andalusia, and in the construction sector. The city is home to the largest bank in Andalusia, Unicaja, and such local companies as Mayoral, Charanga, Sando, Vera, Ubago, Isofoton, Tedial, Novasoft, Grupo Vértice and Almeida viajes, and other multinationals such as Fujitsu Spain, Pernod Ricard Spain, Accenture, Epcos, Oracle Corporation, Huawei and San Miguel.[44] Nobel prize-winner Bruce Beutler is planning to set up the biggest mutagenesis research laboratory in the world in Malaga.[45]

Distribution by sector industrial enterprises:[46]
Industrial sectorCompanies
Energy and water24
Chemical and mining231
Mechanical engineering industry833
Manufacturing1,485
Total2,573
Industrial activity index771
Construction-related companies3,143

Culture

Feasts and festivals

Holy Week
Nazarenos during the 2016 Holy week in Málaga.

Holy Week has been observed for five centuries in Málaga. Processions start on Palm Sunday and continue until Easter Sunday. Images depicting scenes from the Passion are displayed on huge ornate tronos (floats or thrones), some weighing more than 5,000 kilograms (11,000 pounds). Famous is the royal archbrotherhood of Our-Lady of Hope Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza. They have more than 5,000 members and 600 nazarenos. These tronos highlight the processions that go through the streets led by penitents dressed in long robes, with capirote, followed by women in black carrying candles. Drums and trumpets play music and occasionally someone spontaneously sings a mournful saeta dedicated to the floats as they make their way slowly round the streets. Some Holy Week tronos are so huge that they must be housed in places outside the churches, as they are taller than the entrance doors. Famous is the military procession of "la legion" (Royal congregation of Mena) playing marches and singing their anthem (El Novio de la Muerte) during procession.

Feria de Agosto
Kids during the Feria de Agosto.

During the celebration of the Feria de Málaga in August, the streets are transformed into traditional symbols of Spanish culture and history, with sweet wine, tapas, and live flamenco shows. The day events consist of dancing, live music (such as flamenco or verdiales, traditional music from Málaga) and bullfights at La Malagueta, while the night fair is moved to the Recinto Ferial, consisting of restaurants, clubs, and an entire fair ground with rides and games.

Málaga Film Festival

The Málaga Film Festival (Festival de Málaga Cine Español; FMCE), dedicated exclusively to films produced in Spain, is one of the most important film festivals in the country. It is held annually during a week in March or April.

Other

The Fiesta Mayor de Verdiales takes place every year on 28 December during which Spain's April Fool Day is celebrated.[47]

The Fiestas de Carnaval, in which people dress in all types of costumes, takes place prior to the holy 40 days of Lent every February. A contest is held in the Teatro Cervantes between groups of singers, quartets and choirs who compete in the singing of ironic songs about social and political issues. The Carnival takes to the streets of Málaga on the week before Ash Wednesday, ending on Malagueta beach with the burial of the anchovy (entierro de la sardina).[47]

Gastronomy

Espetos

The cuisine of Málaga and the wider Costa del Sol is known for its espetos, fish[48] (most often sardines) grilled over open fires in the chiringuitos located near the beaches.[49] The espeto has been proposed as a candidate for designation by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage.[50]

Religion

Most of the population of Málaga professes Roman Catholicism as its religion, although not many are practising Catholics. Protestants also have a presence in Málaga: one of seven congregations of the Reformed Churches in Spain is based in the city and is the only one that permits paedocommunion, while The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is growing.

Islam is represented by a growing number of immigrants and a mosque, while the Jewish community (primarily Sephardi) is represented by its synagogue and the Jewish Association.

Sports

A Málaga CF vs. Real Madrid C.F. fixture in October 2010 at La Rosaleda
A Unicaja Málaga vs. Real Madrid fixture in November 2011 at the Martín Carpena

Málaga is home to three major professional sports teams. These include:

The city has four large sports facilities:

In the city, people can engage in many sports, for example: surfing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, swimming, diving, skydiving, paragliding, running, cycling, rowing, tennis and golf.

The city hosted the 21st World Transplant Games from 25 June to 2 July 2017 [51]

Malaga is the 2020 EU Sports Capital. [52]

Tourism

Tourists near the Sagrario Church.

The city is an important tourist destination, known as "the capital of the Costa del Sol". An estimated 6 million tourists visit the city each year.[53] Tourists usually visit the birthplace of Pablo Picasso and the Museo Picasso Málaga, the Carmen Thyssen Museum, the old town or the beaches. The Málaga harbour is also the second busiest cruise port of the Iberian Peninsula.

A popular walk leads up the hill to the Gibralfaro castle (a Parador), offering panoramic views over the city. The castle is next to the Alcazaba, the old Muslim palace, which in turn is next to the inner city of Málaga. Other nearby attractions are the Roman Theatre, the old Jewish quarter, the Cathedral, and the Church of Santiago in mudéjar style. A popular walk follows the Paseo del Parque (a promenade that runs alongside a grand park with many palm trees and statues) to the harbour, ending in Calle Larios, the main commercial street of the city. There is also a curious museum, the Museum of the Holy Week, which includes an impressive display of Baroque ecclesiastical items.

Museums

Málaga's Centre Pompidou

In the early part of the 21st century, the city of Málaga invested heavily (more than 100 million euros in 10 years)[54] in the arts to draw tourists and establish itself as a cultural Andalucia destination with 28 museums.[55] Some notable and recently opened museums include the Museo de Málaga (Fine Arts and Archeology museum) at the Palacio de la Aduana, Carmen Thyssen Museum, opened in 2011, located at Palacio de Villalón, the Museo Picasso Málaga (opened in 2003, at the Palacio de los Condes de Buenavista) near the Cathedral.[n. 1] the Centre Pompidou Málaga (opened in 2015, located in El Cubo), the Fundación Picasso and Picasso Birthplace Museum, the Colección del Museo Ruso (Collection of the Russian Museum) Saint Petersburg/Málaga, (opened in 2015, located in the Tabacalera building), the Museum Jorge Rando (opened in 2015), the Museo de Artes y Costumbres Populares (Museum of Arts and Popular Traditions), and the Centro de Arte Contemporáneo de Málaga (CAC Málaga; opened 2003, near the Alameda train station).

Education

Bilingual education in schools

Since the launch of the ‘Plan de Fomento del Plurilingüismo’ in 2005, 169 schools in Malaga have included bilingual education in their programmes.[57] Although English is the most usual second language, many other primary and secondary schools in Malaga offer the choice of French, German, Arabic, Portuguese or Chinese. This first action has been followed by a second project run by the Junta de Andalucia. The so-called "Plan Estratégico de Desarrollo de las Lenguas en Andalucía" intends to provide pupils with a basic level (B1) of at least one foreign language.[58]

Artistic training

Dance, music, drama, visual arts and crafts also have a place in the public education system of Málaga. Some of the most relevant artistic schools are:

  • Escuela de Arte San Telmo : Arts and Crafts, vocational and high-school education.[59]
  • Conservatorio Profesional de Musica Manuel Carra: music, vocational training.[60]
  • Conservatorio Profesional de Danza de Málaga: dance, vocational training.[61]
  • Conservatorio Superior de Música de Málaga: Bachelor and Master level.[62]
  • Escuela Superior de Artes Escénicas de Málaga (Bachelor and Master level)[63]

Spanish as a foreign language

Malaga has become one of the leading destinations for Spanish courses. In 2017, 16,692 students visited Malaga to enroll in Spanish courses, 17.6% more than 2016.[64]

Universities in Malaga

Interior of the Faculty of Education

The public University of Málaga (UMA) was created in 1972.[65] Earlier in the 20th-century a branch of the University of Granada (a Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences) had been opened in the city in 1963.[65] As of 2012 the UMA had 35,354 students.[66][67]

The campus of the UMA is located in the Western neighbourhood of Teatinos. There are 13 different faculties, namely: Fine Arts, Science, Communication, Education, Health Sciences, Economic and Business Sciences, Business and Management, Law, Social Work and Studies, Humanities, Medicine, Psychology, and Tourism. In addition there are 5 higher technical schools, the Higher Polytechnic School, the Higher Technical School of Architecture, the Higher Technical School of Telecommunication Engineering, the Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering and the Higher Technical School of Computer Engineering.[68]

International schools in Málaga city

Transport

Airport

Málaga Airport

The city is served by Málaga-Costa del Sol Airport, one of the first in Spain and the oldest still in operation. In 2008, it handled 12,813,472 passengers,[69] making it the fourth-busiest in Spain. It is the international airport of Andalusia, accounting for 85 percent of its international traffic. The airport, connected to the Costa del Sol, has a daily link with twenty cities in Spain and over a hundred cities in Europe (mainly in the United Kingdom, Central Europe and the Nordic countries but also the main cities of Eastern Europe: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Budapest, Sofia, Warsaw or Bucharest), North Africa, Middle East (Riyadh, Jeddah and Kuwait) and North America (New York City, Toronto and Montreal).

The airport is connected to the city centre and surrounding areas through a transport hub, which includes the bus system and suburban trains[70][71][72] and car parks.

Seaport

Port of Málaga

The Port of Málaga is the city's seaport, operating continuously at least since 600 BC. The port is one of the busiest ports on the Mediterranean Sea, with a trade volume of over 428,623 TEU and 642,529 passenger in 2008.[73]

The port has a ferry connection to the Port of Melilla, playing a role in the so-called Operación paso del estrecho ("Operation Pass of the Strait"), the planned seasonal transit of passengers during the summer months from Europe to North-Africa (and back to Europe).[74]

High-speed train

High speed trains AVE S-112 nicknamed "Pato" ("Duck") in Málaga-Maria Zambrano Station.

The Málaga María Zambrano railway station is served by the AVE high-speed rail system, and is operated by the state-owned rail company Renfe.

Roads and highways

The A45 road leads north to Antequera and Córdoba. The Autovía A-7 parallels the N-340 road, both leading to Cádiz to the west through the Costa del Sol Occidental and Barcelona to the east through the Costa del Sol Oriental.

Public transportation

Urban bus

Empresa Malagueña de Transportes[75] buses are the main form of transport around the city.[76] Málaga's bus station is connected with the city by the bus line number 4, although it is only ten minutes' walk to the Alameda from there.

Metropolitan bus

The buses of the Málaga Metropolitan Transport Consortium (Consorcio de Transporte Metropolitano del Área de Málaga)[77] are the main mean of transportation around the city of Málaga and the surrounding municipalities.

Mass transit

The city has two commuter train lines Cercanías departing from the Centro-Alameda station and a light metro system.[78]

Malaga Public Transportation Statistics

The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Malaga, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 49 min. 6% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 9 min, while 8% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.1 km, while 1% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[79]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Málaga is twinned with:[80]

See also

References

Informational notes
  1. From 2015 to 2017 it was the most visited museum in all Málaga.[56]
Citations
  1. Aubet, María Eugenia.The Phoenicians and the West: politics, colonies and trade. Cambridge University Press. Archived 23 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  3. "Ministerio de Fomento: Las Grandes Áreas Urbanas y sus municipios (ordenadas por población)" (PDF). Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  4. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. Christopher Wawn; David Wood (2000). In Search of Andalucia: A Historical Geographical Observation of the Málaga Sea Board. Pentland. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-85821-690-4.
  6. Huss (1985), p. 25
  7. "LaCaixa Bank economic report, 2011 (spanish)". Archived from the original on 20 June 2012.
  8. Strabo
  9. Corrales Aguilar 2003, p. 377.
  10. Corrales Aguilar 2003, p. 381.
  11. Leucona, Emilio. «Jornadas de estudio por el 150 aniversario del hallazgo de la Lex Flavia Malacitana». Consulted on 7 April 2008.
  12. Collado Campaña 2012, p. 2.
  13. Collado Campaña 2012, p. 3.
  14. Collado Campaña 2012, p. 5.
  15. "Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa". Fordham.edu. 21 February 2001. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  16. de Madariaga, Salvador (1952). La vida del muy magnífico señor Don Cristóbal Colón (in Spanish) (5th ed.). Mexico: Editorial Hermes. p. 222. Málaga, ciudad que acabara de tomar a los moros (18 de agosto)
  17. Góméz, Pedro Luis (19 August 2016). "Tal día como hoy hace 529 años". Diario Sur.
  18. Blood and Faith: The Purging of Muslim Spain, Matthew Carr, page 7, 2009
  19. Balfour, Sebastian; Preston, Paul (2009). Spain and the great powers in the twentieth century. London, UK; New York, USA: Routledge. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-415-18078-8.
  20. Antony Beevor, The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2006, ISBN 0-297-84832-1
  21. "Municipio de Málaga". malagadesdesuscumbres.org. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  22. "Etapa en síntesis. Etapa 1. Málaga · Rincón de la Victoria". Diputación Provincial de Málaga. p. 43.
  23. "Un paseo por la historia de la ciudad en una visita por el Castillo de Gibralfaro y la Alcazaba". Diario Sur (in Spanish). 22 August 2006. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  24. "World Map of Köppen−Geiger Climate Classification". Archived from the original on 6 September 2010.
  25. "Málaga City – Local Travel Information and City Guide". Malaga.com. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  26. "Málaga Aeropuerto: Málaga Aeropuerto - Valores extremos absolutos - Selector - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". Aemet.es (in Spanish). 4 February 1954. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  27. "La gran nevada de 1954". 11 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  28. "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Málaga / Aeropuerto".
  29. "Climatological Information for Málaga, Spain" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback MachineHong Kong Observatory
  30. "Málaga Climate, Temperature, Average Weather History, Rainfall/ Precipitation, Sunshine". climatetemp.info. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  31. "Valores extremos. Málaga Aeropuerto". Aemet.es. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  32. "Highest and lowest means. Málaga Aeropuerto". Aemet.es. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  33. "Málaga, Spain - Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  34. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-12.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. Dialnet.es, Fanny de Carranza Sell, La alcazaba de Málaga. Historia a través de su imagen, 2011. Archived 10 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine (In Spanish)
  36. "Estadística del Padrón Continuo a 1 de enero de 2018. Datos por municipios. Población por sexo, municipios y país de nacionalidad. 29. Málaga".
  37. "Málaga Population Information". Malaga.com. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  38. Cenizo, Néstor. "Francisco de la Torre, reelegido alcalde de Málaga". eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  39. Hoy, Málaga (9 April 2019). "La Casona del Parque de Málaga, primer centenario". Málaga Hoy (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  40. "Districts" (Ayuntamiento de Málaga ed.). Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  41. "The PTA in numbers". www.pta.es. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  42. "Málaga calls on the doors of the Anglo-saxon business world". Laopiniondemalaga.es. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  43. Málaga Horizonte 2012
  44. Empresas en el PTA Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine – Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía
  45. "Málaga compite con Dallas y Shanghai en acoger un laboratorio de investigación genética" (in Spanish). 23 September 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  46. "Destacados". Anuarieco.lacaixa.comunicacions.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  47. "Málaga Festivals". Malaga.com. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  48. Málaga, La Opinión de. "Gastronomía marenga: espetos y chiringuitos". www.laopiniondemalaga.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  49. "En busca de los mejores espetos". EFEAgro Información agroalimentaria (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  50. "El espeto malagueño, más cerca de ser Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad". LaSexta (in Spanish). 20 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  51. "World Transplant Games Federation | 2017 Summer WTG Malaga". World Transplant Games Federation (wtgf.org). Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  52. https://www.malaga2020.eu/
  53. "Málaga City Information". Malaga.com. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  54. Kassam, Ashifa (27 March 2015). "City of museums: Málaga bets on culture to draw tourists and talent". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
  55. "Malaga City – Museums". andalucia.com. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
  56. "The Most Visited Places in Malaga" (PDF). marbesol.com. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  57. "Cuatro nuevos colegios se incorporarán a la Red de centros bilingües de Málaga". europapress.es. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  58. "Siete colegios y cinco institutos se incorporan a la red de centros bilingües en Málaga". diariosur.es. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  59. "Escuela de Arte San Telmo". escueladeartesantelmo.es. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  60. "Conservatorio Manuel Carra". conservatoriomanuelcarra.es. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  61. "Conservatorio Profesional de Danza de Málaga". cpdmalaga.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  62. "Conservatorio Superior de Música de Málaga". conservatoriosuperiormalaga.com. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  63. "ESAEM Escuela Superior de Artes Escénicas de Málaga". esaem.com. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  64. "El verano incrementa la llegada de estudiantes de español a la Costa del Sol". europapress.es. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  65. Calvo-Sotelo, Pablo Campos (2011). Identidad, innovación y entorno en la universidad Española. Proyectos de Campus de Excelencia Internacional (in Spanish). Ministerio de Educación. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-84-369-5224-7.
  66. "Datos generales de la UMA". Universidad de Málaga.
  67. Hoy, Málaga (9 April 2012). "La UMA llama a las urnas a 40.000 universitarios". Málaga Hoy (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  68. "UMA Faculties". uma.es. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  69. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  70. "Travelling From Malaga Airport AGP". Dragon Cars. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
  71. "Travelling From Malaga Airport to the City Center". Out of Comfort Zone. 17 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  72. Memoria 2008, Annual Report Archived 9 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Port of Málaga site
  73. "El Puerto de Málaga refuerza desde este martes sus conexiones con Melilla". Diario Sur (in Spanish). 24 June 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  74. "EMT Málaga". Emtmalaga.es. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  75. es:EMT Málaga
  76. "Malaga Area Metropolitan Transport Consortium". Ctmam.es. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  77. Govan, Fiona (31 July 2014). "Better late than never, Malaga inaugurates new metro". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  78. "Malaga Public Transportation Statistics". Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. Retrieved 19 June 2017. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  79. "Relaciones Institucionales Internacionales: Ciudades hermanadas" (official website) (in Spanish). Málaga, Spain: Ayuntamiento de Málaga. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  80. "Nueva Orleans y Mobile se suman al centro de interpretación Bernardo de Gálvez de la Diputación". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 May 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  81. "Popayán (Colombia)". relacionesinternacionales.malaga.eu. Ayuntamiento de Málaga. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  82. "Passau (Alemania)". relacionesinternacionales.malaga.eu. Ayuntamiento de Málaga. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  83. "Zacatecas (México)". relacionesinternacionales.malaga.eu. Ayuntamiento de Málaga. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
Sources
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.