Emperor Duanzong
Emperor Duanzong of Song (10 July 1269 – 8 May 1278), personal name Zhao Shi, was the 17th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the eighth and penultimate emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the fifth son of Emperor Duzong and an elder brother of his predecessor, Emperor Gong and successor Zhao Bing.
Emperor Duanzong of Song 宋端宗 | |||||||||||||
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Emperor of the Song dynasty | |||||||||||||
Reign | 14 June 1276 – 8 May 1278 | ||||||||||||
Coronation | 14 June 1276 | ||||||||||||
Predecessor | Emperor Gong | ||||||||||||
Successor | Zhao Bing | ||||||||||||
Born | Zhao Shi 10 July 1269 Hangzhou, China | ||||||||||||
Died | 8 May 1278 8) Mui Wo, Hong Kong | (aged||||||||||||
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House | House of Zhao | ||||||||||||
Father | Emperor Duzong | ||||||||||||
Mother | Lady Yang |
Emperor Duanzong of Song | |||||||
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Chinese | 宋端宗 | ||||||
Literal meaning | "Final Ancestor of the Song" | ||||||
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Zhao Shi | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 趙昰 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 赵昰 | ||||||
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Emperor Gong along with Grand Dowager Xie surrendered to the Mongol Empire in 1276 after the fall of the Song capital, Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou). Zhao Shi and his seventh brother, Zhao Bing, managed to escape southward to Fujian Province, where the new Song capital was established. On June 14, 1276, Zhao Shi was enthroned as the new Emperor Duanzong who ruled under the era name "Jingyan" (景炎; literally: "bright flame"). However, in early 1278, the Mongols broke through the Song dynasty's last lines of defence, forcing Zhao Shi to flee again.[1] Accompanied by loyal ministers such as Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, Zhao Shi boarded a ship and fled further south to Guangdong Province. In March 1278, while fleeing from the Mongols led by Liu Shen, in a hurricane, Zhao Shi fell from a boat and almost drowned. Thereafter, he stayed temporarily in Hong Kong which at that time was a small fishing village. He died a few months later in Gangzhou (碙州; present-day Mui Wo, Lantau Island, Hong Kong)[1] due to Illness. He was succeeded by his seventh brother, Zhao Bing[2], who was enthroned in Mui Wo, the same village where Zhao Shi nearly drowned and died at.
The historical relic Sung Wong Toi in present-day Hong Kong's Kowloon City commemorates Zhao Shi's escape to Hong Kong.
Family
- Parents:
- Zhao Qi, Duzong (度宗 趙禥; 1240–1274)
- Empress Dowager, of the Yang clan (皇太后 楊氏; d. 1279), personal name Juliang (巨良)
- Brothers:
- Emperor Gong of Song (personal name Zhao Xian) - Older brother and predecessor of Emperor Duanzong; Sixth Son of Zhao Qi
- Emperor Bing of Song (personal name Zhao Bing) - Younger brother and successor of Emperor Duanzong; 8th and Youngest son of Zhao Qi; Final emperor of the Song dynasty
See also
- Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
- List of emperors of the Song dynasty
- Architecture of the Song dynasty
- Culture of the Song dynasty
- Economy of the Song dynasty
- History of the Song dynasty
- Society of the Song dynasty
- Technology of the Song dynasty
References
- Wintle, Justin. [2002] (2002). China. ISBN 1-85828-764-2
- "Song Duanzong". Baike Baidu.
- Toqto'a, ed. (1343). History of Song. Volume 47.
Emperor Duanzong Born: 1268 Died: 1278 | ||
Regnal titles | ||
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Preceded by Emperor Gong |
Emperor of the Song dynasty 1276–1278 |
Succeeded by Zhao Bing |