Edge Hill University

Edge Hill University is a campus-based public university in Ormskirk, Lancashire, England, which opened in 1885 as Edge Hill College, the first non-denominational teacher training college for women in England, before admitting its first male students in 1959.[3] In 2005, Edge Hill was granted Taught Degree Awarding Powers by the Privy Council and became Edge Hill University on 18 May 2006.[4]

Edge Hill University
Coat of arms of Edge Hill University
Former names
Edge Hill College (1885–2006)
MottoLatin: In Scientia Opportunitas
Motto in English
In knowledge there is opportunity
TypePublic
Established1885 – teacher training college
2006 – university status
ChancellorTanya Byron
Vice-ChancellorJohn Cater
Students13,835 (2018/19)[1]
Undergraduates10,410 (2018/19)[1]
Postgraduates3,420 (2018/19)[1]
Location
Ormskirk, Lancashire
,
England
CampusRural
Colours Green, Gold and Purple[2]
AffiliationsUniversities UK
Websitewww.edgehill.ac.uk

The University has three faculties: Arts and Sciences, Education, and Health and Social Care; these teach at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

History

Edge Hill College opened on 24 January 1885 on Durning Road, Edge Hill, Liverpool, by a group of seven Liverpool businessmen and philanthropists. It was named after the district in which it was sited, It was the first non-denominational teacher training college for women in England. By 1892, Edge Hill was one of only two colleges in England combining teacher training and degree course study. As student numbers increased, Edge Hill quickly outgrew its surroundings. The institution was handed over to the Lancashire Education Committee, with the foundation stone for the present Ormskirk campus laid on 26 October 1931 by J.T. Travis-Clegg, Chairman of Lancashire County Council. The main buildings comprised a main education block, four halls of residence (named Stanley, Clough, Lady Margaret and John Dalton), an Assembly Hall, a library, craft room, gymnasium, lecture theatres, classrooms and a music room.[3]

Between 1939 and 1946, the college was evacuated to Bingley in Yorkshire,[5] and the Ormskirk site was requisitioned for use by the military.[3]

The Durning Road premises were destroyed in a bombing raid on 17 November 1940, during the Liverpool Blitz, which killed 166 people.[6]

Edge Hill became a mixed college, admitting its first male students in October 1959, when it had about 500 students in total. In 1963 the university recorded having 660 students and 59 members of staff.[3]

The institution has since expanded further, with further developments at Ormskirk and the absorption of the former Sefton School of Health Studies.

In 2005, Edge Hill was granted Taught Degree Awarding Powers by the Privy Council.[4] On 18 May 2006 the institution became Edge Hill University and in August 2008 the university was granted the power to award research degrees.[7]

Campus

Edge Hill University is based on a 160-acre (650,000 m2) campus in Ormskirk, the administrative centre of West Lancashire. It is midway between Liverpool and the county town of Preston.

The University used to operate from the Woodlands campus based in Chorley, central Lancashire. Where it offered continuing professional development programmes and part-time study. However in recent years operations have been centralised back to the main University campus.

Learning Innovation Centre

Most of the University's subjects and departments are based in specialist buildings developed since the 1990s: Faculty of Education, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Business School, BioSciences, GeoSciences, Creative Edge (Media and Social Sciences), Performing Arts, the Wilson Centre (Sport and Physical Activity) and Psychology. The Tech Hub was opened in 2016 by entrepreneur Sir Robin Saxby.

The Student Hub
The Hub

This building opened in 2011 as a central student area, containing retail and catering outlets and IT facilities, as well as providing new accommodation for the Edge Hill Students' Union. The building was formally opened by Her Royal Highness the Countess of Wessex on 15 October 2012.[8]

Sports Centre

The current indoor and outdoor sports complex was opened in 2015 by Olympic pentathlete Katarina Johnson-Thompson.[9]

Arts Centre

The Arts Centre houses the University’s Performing Arts Department and the Rose and Studio Theatres.[10] The Arts Centre was officially opened by British screenwriter and writer of the London 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony Frank Cottrell Boyce who is an Honorary Doctor of Literature at the University.[11] The Arts Centre includes a 234-seat professional theatre (The Rose Theatre) and a 140-seat Studio Theatre.

Catalyst

Catalyst serves as the Students' library on the Ormskirk campus, as well as the student services and information centre. The original library, which opened in the 1990s, was replaced with a new purpose built multi-storey building, located on the old running track, adjacent to the Wilson Centre, and equidistant between the Student Hub and Creative Edge Buildings, as part of a £36 million development.[12] The £26 million building houses a study space that is 8,000 square metres, which is 50% larger than the old Library building.[13] The development began in December 2016, when the old racing track was dug up. Catalyst opened on 9 July 2018.

Halls of Residence

The original Halls of Residence were 'named Stanley, Clough, Lady Margaret and John Dalton "in honour" of the Derby Family' and "of three individuals famous in the history of Lancashire and of Education" (Anne Jemima Clough was a pioneer of higher education for women, having founded Newnham College, Cambridge)'[14]

Five Halls, opened in 1963 by Princess Margaret, are named after Lady Openshaw, Katherine Fletcher (Chairs of Governors), EM Butterworth, Margaret Bain (Principals) and Eleanor Rathbone, a noted social reformer.[15] Lancashire Hall was demolished in 1999 to make way for the Wilson Centre (Edge Hill Sport), but was originally built to house male students. Forest Court (Ash, Beech, Cedar, Elm, Holly, Larch, Maple, Oak, Rowan and Willow) added 300 bedrooms in the early 1990s.

More recent Halls include Founders Court, named after the institution's founders Crosfield (William Crosfield); McDairmid (S. McDairmid); Matheson (Thomas Matheson); Smith (Samuel Smith (1836–1906)), Balfour (Alexander Balfour); Sinclair (WP Sinclair); and Sarah Yelf (the first Principal); and Graduates Court, named after alumni: Ainsworth (Joe Ainsworth), Annakin (Ethel Annakin), Maconie (Stuart Maconie), Normanton (Helena Normanton) and Pryce (Jonathan Pryce).

In 2012 Chancellors Court was opened, adding Halls named after individuals associated with the institution including Chairs of the Board of Governors: Blake, Booth, Bradshaw, Fulton, Millner, Pinfold, Tomkins, and Wilson as well as Byron (Tanya Byron, the first Chancellor of the University), and Williams (politician Shirley Williams). Additional Halls added in 2013 are, in Chancellors Court: Binns (Sir Arthur Lennon Binns), Boyce (J.S.B Boyce), Lord (Sir Percy Lord), and Meadon (Sir Percival Edward Meadon); and in Founders Court: Dewhurst (M. K. Dewhurst), Fenemore (Mildred Fenemore), Feuchsel (Harriet D Feuchsel) and Holt (George Holt (merchant)).

Founders' Court

Chancellors South, an additional 246 accommodation units to complete the Chancellors Court blocks on the Eastern side of the campus, was completed in summer 2014.[16] The Halls are named after individuals associated with the institution including Laverty (Bernard Laverty, Pro-Chancellor and Chair of the Edge Hill University Board of Governors since 2014, Chartered Accountant and Director of Lancashire textile company David Whitehead & Sons Limited), Jenkins (Miss JA Jenkins, Vice-Principal of Edge Hill from 1906 and Acting Principal from 1909–10), Millins (Mr PKC 'Ken' Millins was the first male Principal of Edge Hill, leading the institution between 1964 and 1979 and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in 2010), Aitken (Sir James Aitken served on the Education Committee of Lancashire County Council from 1921 to 1948, and was Chair of the Council from 1946 to 1948) and Welch (John Welch was Chair of the Education Committee of Lancashire County Council between 1955 and 1958).

Palatine Court Halls are named after prominent individuals associated with the historic Lancashire County Palatine: Carrington (artist Leonora Carrington), Glazebrook (physicist Richard Glazebrook), Pankhurst (campaigner for women's suffrage Emmeline Pankhurst), Roscoe (abolitionist and historian William Roscoe), Lowry (artist L. S. Lowry), Peel (Prime Minister and architect of the modern police force Robert Peel) and Wilkinson (politician, sometime Minister for Education Ellen Wilkinson).

Organisation and governance

Governance

The University's Founding Chancellor was Tanya Byron, a clinical psychologist, journalist, author and broadcaster.[17] Professor Byron served in the role from 2008 to 2018. The Pro-Chancellor is Professor Clive Edwards who also serves as Chair of the Board of Governors.

The current Vice-Chancellor is John Cater, who has held the post since 1993. He received a CBE in the 2015 Queen's birthday honours.[18] As a social geographer, he has published extensively on race, housing, economic development and public policy and co-authored major research studies for the Social Science Research Council, the Commission for Racial Equality and their successor bodies.[19]. The current Deputy Vice-Chancellor is Steve Igoe. The current Pro Vice-Chancellors are Mark Allanson who joined the University in August 2014 after working for Higher Education Funding Council for England and Lynda Brady who joined in April 2014, having previously worked for Open University.

Faculties and departments
Faculty of Education

The University has three Faculties:

Faculty of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty comprises Departments of:

  • Biology
  • Business (Edge Hill Business School)
  • Computer Science
  • English, History & Creative Writing
  • Geography and Geology
  • Language Centre
  • Law & Criminology
  • Media
  • Performing Arts
  • Psychology
  • Social Sciences
  • Sport & Physical Activity

Faculty of Education

The Faculty delivers initial teacher training programmes for the age phases of education in the UK, together with Continuing Professional Development for the school workforce. The most recent Ofsted Initial Teacher Education inspection report[20] (2011) awarded Grade 1 in all 33 cells covering the phases of initial teacher training: Primary & Early Years, Secondary and Post-Compulsory Education and Training.

The Faculty comprises Departments of:

  • Early Years Education
  • Children, Education and Communities
  • Professional Learning
  • Secondary and Further Education

Faculty of Health and Social Care
Faculty of Health and Social Care

The Faculty delivers pre-registration training for nurses, midwives, operating department practitioners and paramedics; qualifying social work degrees; and professional development in the fields of health and social care.

The Faculty comprises Departments of:

  • Applied Health and Social Care
  • Medicine
  • Midwifery
  • Nursing
  • Operating Department Practice
  • Paramedic Practice
  • Social Work
  • Postgraduate & Professional Development Courses
  • CPD Modules

Graduate School

The Graduate School supports research students on MRes, MPhil and PhD programmes and their supervisors.

Coat of Arms

The university received a Grant of arms in 2007.[21]

The coat of arms consists of a shield, a crest, a badge and a motto and contains images and symbols that represent Edge Hill's history and values.

The University's physical origins are represented by the Red Rose of Lancashire in the shield and by the Liver bird in the crest, which refers to its original location in Liverpool.

The colours green and heliotrope (purple) are those of the Suffragette movement, symbolising the University's early commitment to the equality of women through its beginnings as a women-only college.

The coat of arms contains a sun, symbolising illumination and enlightenment; a quill to represent learning, and peacock feathers meaning beauty, power and knowledge. A lion represents strength, bravery and magnanimity, and a stag suggests wisdom, regeneration, peace and harmony.

The University's motto – "In Scientia Opportunitas" – translates as "In knowledge there is opportunity".

The Mace
Edge Hill University Mace

The Mace is the symbol of the University's authority to award degrees. Edge Hill University commissioned its mace in 2007, from silversmith Clive Burr. Inspired by the University Coat of Arms and the campus architecture, the mace took six months to produce and is crafted from sterling silver. At the head is an 18-carat yellow gold dome enamelled by Jane Short, with a hand engraved inscription of the University motto running around the silver edge. The main body has a hand engraved decoration running around it, the design inspired by the acanthus leaves and stone columns of the entrance to the original University building.

Academic profile

Courses

Edge Hill University's undergraduate courses include BA/BSc and LLB degrees, health pre-registration qualifications and teacher training degrees. Postgraduate provision includes PGCEs, Masters programmes, MBA, MPhil and PhD research degrees and MRes programmes.

There are also opportunities for professional development at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.

Students

According to the Higher Education Statistical Agency, in the 2018/19 academic year there were 10,410 undergraduate students and 3,420 postgraduate students.[1] The statistics may not show international students.

Reputation and rankings

Edge Hill University achieved a Gold award in the national Teaching Excellence Framework[22](TEF) in June 2017.

The University was named safest campus in the North West in 2017, by The Complete University Guide.[23]

Edge Hill has been named University of the Year for Student Retention by The Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide[24] since 2017.

Rankings
National rankings
Complete (2021)[25]58
Guardian (2020)[26]55
Times / Sunday Times (2020)[27]58
Global rankings
QS (2020)[28]
not in top 916 universities
THE (2020)[29]not in the top 500 universities
British Government assessment
Teaching Excellence Framework[30]Gold

Edge Hill was named University of the Year in 2014 in the 10th annual Times Higher Education Awards.[31] The University had been shortlisted three times previously, 2007/8, 2010/11 and 2011/12 making it the only university to be shortlisted four times in seven years.[32] In 2015 the university was named the Times Higher Education's Best University Workplace based on the 'key indicators' of 'Whose staff are the most contented?' in the publication's survey of employee attitudes.[33]

A focus on sustainability has resulted in Edge Hill winning a Green Flag Award[34] as well as a commendation in the 2011 Green Gown Awards made by the Environmental Association for Universities and Colleges.[35] Times Higher Education awarded Edge Hill University the University of the Year title in 2014/15, following earlier shortlistings in 2011/12, 2010/11 and 2007/8. Liverpool City Council added the University to its Freedom Roll of Association in December 2011.[36]

According to the Destination of Leavers from Higher Education survey conducted by the Higher Education Statistics Agency 93.4% of Edge Hill students are in study or full-time employment within six months of graduation, putting the university in the top 10% nationally for graduate employment / further study.[37]

Record Label

In 2013 Senior Lecturer and bassist in The Farm Carl Hunter launched a not-for-profit record label in association with the students of Edge Hill University called The Label Recordings.[38] The Label has released and promoted music by acts including The Inkhearts, Hooton Tennis Club, Oranj Son, Feral Love and Youth Hostel. The Label was 'highly commended' ain the 2016 Times Higher Education Awards after being shortlisted in the Excellence and Innovation in the Arts category.[38] The label operates like an industry placement for students who form teams in A&R, Graphic Design, Video Production, Music Production, Marketing and Event Management to recruit unsigned acts in the North West of England.[39]

Short story prize

The Edge Hill Short Story Prize is purported to be the only UK award that recognises excellence in a single author, published short story collection.[40] The prize attracts established authors who compete alongside relative newcomers. Previous winners have been John Burnside, Kevin Barry, Colm Tóibín, Claire Keegan, Chris Beckett, Jeremy Dyson, Graham Mort, Sarah Hall and Jessie Greengrass. The prize is co-ordinated by Ailsa Cox, Reader in Creative Writing and English, and has three categories, the main literary award of £5,000 as well as a £1,000 Reader’s Prize judged by BA Creative Writing students, and a £500 award for students on the University's MA Creative Writing course.

Research

The university returned twelve units of assessment in the UK's Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 and has established three interdisciplinary research institutes through which to manage the impact and external engagement of research carried out.

All subject areas submitted by the university to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework featured 'internationally excellent' or 'world-leading' research. In Sport and Media, 45% of work submitted was rated as world-leading or internationally excellent, 44% of Psychology and English research was rated as world-leading or internationally excellent and 50% of Law research was rated as internationally excellent or world-leading. Education, Law and Sport research was considered particularly strong in terms of impact, with Law in the top 30 and Sport in the top 25 institutions for overall impact.[41]

Institute for Creative Enterprise

The Institute for Creative Enterprise is Edge Hill University’s practice-led and theoretically grounded interdisciplinary research forum which connects the University with the digital and creative economy and with cultural institutions.[42] Directed by Roger Shannon, ICE brings together researchers, educators, communities and industry practitioners to share expertise, develop partnerships that address current challenges, and contribute to debates on the roles of culture and creativity in driving economic growth and sustainability, as well as promoting citizen engagement, regionally, nationally and internationally.

Institute for Public Policy and Professional Practice

The Institute for Public Policy and Professional Practice (I4P) is a cross-disciplinary research and knowledge exchange initiative established at Edge Hill University in 2013.

Directed by John Diamond, the Institute is committed to exploring opportunities for cross sector collaboration through working with practitioners, policy and decision makers, professionals working in the not for profit sector, community activists and residents.[43] The I4P was launched on Tuesday 4 February 2014 with a public lecture given by Richard G. Wilkinson, co-author of The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better, on the social impact of inequality.

Postgraduate Medical Institute

The Postgraduate Medical Institute is a partnership between Edge Hill University and regional health professionals and providers seeking to improve the quality of health and social care in the North West through education, research and innovation.

The Institute’s main themes are primary care, fertility, neurology and psychiatry, orthopaedics and biomechanics, and biosciences.[44]

Student life

Students' Union

Edge Hill University Students' Union is the representative body of students at the university run by four elected, sabbatical officers and student trustees who sit on the board. The Sabbatical officers are the SU President, Vice President of Activities, Vice President of Academic Representation and Vice President of Welfare.[45] All students at the university are automatically enrolled into the Students' Union which seeks to promote the interests of its members, act as a representative channel between students and the university, and to provide advice and recreational activities for its members.[46]

The Students' Union has over 70 societies which students can join including a range of sports teams, subject related groups and social societies.[47] 'Team Edge Hill' is the SU's sport brand which encompasses all sport teams and individuals who compete for the university within the British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) leagues[48] including football, rugby, cycling, netball, swimming, tennis, hockey, golf and many more. VibeMedia is the Students' Union’s media platform which comprises Vibe Radio and Vibe TV, a radio and television channel run by student volunteers.[49]

In 2012, Edge Hill SU was shortlisted for the national NUS Small Students' Union of the Year Award.[50]

Notable people

Chancellors

Vice-chancellor/ Principals

Note that until university status was awarded in 2006, the Vice-Chancellor was known as the principal.

  • 1885-1890: Sarah Jane Yelf[51]
  • 1890-1920: Sarah Jane Hale
  • 1920-1941: Eva Marie Smith
  • 1941-1946: E M Butterworth
  • 1946-1964: Dr Margaret Bain
  • 1964-1978: Ken Millins
  • 1978-1982: Marjorie Stanton
  • 1982-1989: Harry Webster
  • 1989-1993: Ruth Gee
  • 1993-date: John Cater

Alumni

Staff

References
  1. "Where do HE students study?". Higher Education Statistics Agency. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  2. "Colours, Crest & Mace". Colours, Crest & Mace. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  3. Montgomery, Fiona (1997). Edge Hill University College: a history 1885–1997. Chichester: Phillimoe. ISBN 1-86077-063-0.
  4. "Edge Hill University" (PDF). www.qaa.ac.uk/. The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA). 2006. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  5. Reeve, Jean (16 November 2005). "Untitled". WW2 People's War. BBC. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  6. Waddington, Marc (25 November 2010). "70th anniversary of Durning Road bomb disaster that claimed 166 Liverpool lives". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  7. "The University of Lancaster: Minutes of a meeting of the Senate held on 8 October 2008 GAP/2008/0954" (PDF). www.lancaster.ac.uk/. University of Lancaster. 8 October 2008. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  8. McLoughlin, Jamie (18 October 2012). "Countess of Wessex opens new student hub at Edge Hill University". www.southportvisiter.co.uk/. Trinity Mirror. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  9. "Olympic star opens £30m Edge Hill sports facility". University Business. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  10. "About". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  11. "Frank Cottrell Boyce receives honorary award". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  12. Morgan, Jennifer (21 December 2016). "Work begins on exciting new campus development". Edge Hill University. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  13. "Gallery: work on £26m Catalyst is progressing". News. 25 September 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  14. Flinn, Mark; Montgomery, Fiona A. (2010). A Vision for Learning. London: Third Millennium. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-906507-48-0.
  15. "Living on Campus". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  16. "Plans for new Halls of Residence". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  17. "Professor Tanya Byron website". Professortanyabyron.com. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  18. "Queen's birthday honours list 2015: GCB, DBE and CBE". the Guardian. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  19. "John Cater". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  20. "Ofsted – Edge Hill University". Ofsted.gov.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  21. "September 2007 Newsletter (No. 14)". www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/. The College of Arms. September 2007. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  22. "Edge Hill achieves Gold in the national TEF". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  23. "Edge Hill safest university in region". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  24. "Edge Hill named University of the Year for Student Retention". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  25. "University League Table 2021". The Complete University Guide. 1 June 2020.
  26. "University league tables 2020". The Guardian. 7 June 2019.
  27. "The Times and Sunday Times University Good University Guide 2020". Times Newspapers.
  28. "QS World University Rankings 2020". Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd.
  29. "World University Rankings 2020". Times Higher Education.
  30. "Teaching Excellence Framework outcomes". Higher Education Funding Council for England.
  31. "Edge Hill named University of the Year in Times Higher Education Awards". www.bbc.co.uk/news/. BBC. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  32. "Times Higher Education Awards 2014 shortlist announced". The Times. 4 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  33. "A most happy place: Edge Hill University". www.timeshighereducation.com. TES Global. 5 February 2015. Archived from the original on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  34. "Green Flag Award for welcoming campus". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  35. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 2014-01-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. "Edge Hill University granted the Freedom of Liverpool". Osadvertiser.co.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  37. "Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education Longitudinal Survey".
  38. Morgan, John (7 January 2016). "Edge Hill University's indie record label 'a cultural statement'". timeshighereducation.com. Times Higher Education. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  39. "The Label Recordings". News. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  40. "Edge Hill Short Story Prize". News. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  41. "Edge Hill announces world-leading research results". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  42. "About ICE". Institute for Creative Enterprise. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  43. "Institute for Public Policy and Professional Practice (I4P)". edgehill.ac.uk/i4p/. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  44. "Postgraduate Medical Institute". Postgraduate Medical Institute. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  45. "Students' Union: How we run". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  46. "Students' Union: Constitution". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  47. "Students' Union: Societies". Edgehillsu.org.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  48. "site @ Edge Hill University Students' Union". Edgehillsu.org.uk. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  49. "Vibe Media". Vibemedia.co. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  50. "Small SU shortlisted for big prize". Edgehill.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  51. "A vision of learning". Edge Hill university website. Retrieved 6 June 2020.

Further reading
  • A history of the University, A Vision of Learning: Edge Hill University 1885–2010, by Mark Flinn and Fiona Montgomery, was published in 2010 (Third Millennium Publishing Ltd ISBN 978-1-906507-48-0). This follows earlier historical surveys written by Fiona Montgomery.
  • A history of the University in Ormskirk Wide Horizons: Eighty Years in Ormskirk 1933–2013, by Mark Flinn, published in 2013 (Edge Hill University ISBN 978-1-900230-55-1).

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