East of England Ambulance Service

The East of England Ambulance Service is an NHS trust responsible for providing National Health Service (NHS) ambulance services in the counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk, in the East of England region. These consist of 5.8 million people and 7,500 square miles.

East of England Ambulance Service
TypeNHS trust
Established1 July 2006
HeadquartersWhiting Way
Melbourn
Royston
SG8 6EN[1]
Region servedNorfolk, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk
NHS regionNHS England
Area size>7,500 sq miles
PopulationMore than 5.8 million
BudgetApprox. £247 million
ChairNicola Scrivings
Chief executiveDorothy Hosein
Staff4,780 (2019)[2]
Websitewww.eastamb.nhs.uk

It is one of 10 Ambulance Trusts providing England with emergency medical services, and is part of the NHS, receiving direct government funding for its role. There is no charge to patients for use of the service, and under the Patient's Charter every person in the United Kingdom has the right to the attendance of an ambulance in an emergency.

As well as providing an emergency ambulance service, the Trust also provides non emergency patient transport services, commercial services and special operations such as emergency planning, and hazardous materials incident response.[3] The service also support a number of emergency charities, such as air ambulances, who provide doctors for serious incidents.

The Trust controls the mobilisation of critical care charities throughout its area. These include Magpas (HEMS), Essex & Herts Air Ambulance (HEMS), East Anglian Air Ambulance (HEMS), BASICS Essex Accident Rescue Service (BEARS), SARS, NARS and BASICS Hertfordshire. The service can also, if required, mobilise London's Air Ambulance and even the Kent, Surrey and Sussex Air Ambulance if there is a major incident requiring more than one critical care team, and where other teams in the region are operating at maximum capacity. The trauma teams are dispatched by a Critical Care Paramedic at the Critical Care Desk, in their Control Room in Chelmsford, who filters through every call the ambulance service receives and makes a clinical decision on whether to dispatch a critical care resource.[4]

History

The trust was formed on 1 July 2006 following the three-way merger of the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust, the East Anglian Ambulance NHS Trust and the Essex Ambulance Service NHS Trust. The result was a service covering an area of over 7,500 square miles (19,000 km2) with a population of 5.8 million people, and one which answers more than one million emergency calls per year.[5]

The East Anglian Ambulance NHS Trust had been formed in 1994 from the three-way merger of Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and Suffolk Ambulance Services.[6]

In 2009, the Trust was censured by the Care Quality Commission after inspection of an ambulance depot and seven of its 100 ambulance stations found patient-carrying vehicles were "dirty" and that staff were "unsure of basic measures for infection prevention and control". The service launched an "urgent and comprehensive review" of its ambulance cleaning programme and reiterated its stance on patient safety, adding that "ensuring consistent high standards of cleanliness is a challenge" with so many stations, covering six counties and an area of 7,500 square-miles.[7]

A 2010 Mercedes Sprinter Double Staffed Ambulance (DSA)
A 2014 DSA responding to an emergency
Land Rover Freelander Leading Operations Manager & Rapid Response Vehicle
A Ford Mondeo RRV in Hitchin, Hertfordshire
Land Rover Discovery Sport Leading Operations Manager & Rapid Response Vehicle

Statistics and resources
Helicopters from the East Anglian Air Ambulance are based in Cambridge and Norwich.
G-HHEM (North Weald) and G-EHEM (Earls Colne) can be dispatched from Essex & Herts Air Ambulance.
Magpas Air Ambulance is based at RAF Wyton.

In 2015/16, the trust received 1,037,119 emergency calls and handled 500,620 non-emergency patient transport journeys. The trust arrived at 73.6% of emergency Red 1 calls within eight minutes, and 69.4% of emergency Red 2 calls within eight minutes.[8]

EEAST employs more than 4,000 staff and has around 1,500 volunteers.

As of July 2016, the Trust has the following resources in operation:[9]

  • 357 front-line emergency ambulances
  • 201 marked rapid-response vehicles (RRV)
  • 164 non-emergency ambulances (Patient Transport Service - PTS)
  • 52 major incident support vehicles (HART/major incident/resilience vehicles)
  • Over 130 ambulance stations and response posts
  • 3 Ambulance operations centers (AOC - control rooms) in Bedford, Chelmsford and Norwich
  • 4 Training centres in Chelmsford, Welwyn Garden City, Newmarket and Norwich

The Trust has its own emergency driving school, which trains drivers in 999 emergency driving under blue lights and sirens.[3]

Vehicles

A&E Ambulances (Double Staffed Ambulances - formerly Double Crewed Ambulances)

The Trust used exclusively the Mercedes Sprinter as front-line Double Staffed Ambulances (DSA), with the exception of a single Vauxhall Movano 4 wheel drive vehicle for use at Newmarket Racecourse. In 2009, the service started the transition to a brand-new Sprinter only fleet from a wide range of other brands - including Fords, Vauxhalls and older Mercedes vehicles. The scheme was finished in 2016, when the last brand-new Sprinter was delivered, although many of the older ones are now ending their cycle life. In March 2018, four new vehicles will be trialled across the East of England, with one concept vehicle being designed exclusively for and by the Trust.

In May 2018 the trust bought 32 five-year-old Fiat Ducato vehicles decommissioned by the West Midlands Ambulance Service - described as "clapped out vehicles which colleagues in other trusts would have sent to the scrapyard" and contrasted with the luxury cars with which senior managers were provided in 2017.[10]

2019 has seen the roll-out of the lightweight box body Fiat Ducato ambulances across the trust, therefore Mercedes Sprinter ambulances are gradually being replaced.

Rapid Response Vehicles

Ford Mondeos and Skoda Octavia Scouts (4x4) are the most common amongst the fleet. In addition Land Rover Freelander and Land Rover Discovery Sport operate out of a limited number of bases. Some Land Rover are used as Officer Cars, responding to major incidents (e.g. Road Traffic Collisions (RTCs) and fires) to co-ordinate resources.

Ford Mondeos gradual phaseout circa 2019 - some still remain in operation in remote areas and with co-responder schemes.

Skoda Octavia Scouts replaced with newer vehicles early 2020.

Patient Transport Service

Renault Masters, Vauxhall Movanos and Ford Transit Connect vehicles are used for the Patient Transport Service. A number of these vehicles are fitted with blue lights and sirens for High Dependency (Critical care & Intensive care) transfers.

Hazardous Area Response Team

The Hazardous Area Response Team uses Volkswagen Transporters and Mercedes Sprinters, all of which have 4x4 capability. The new fleet arrived in 2017, standardising these vehicles across the 10 ambulances services in England and Wales. It replaced Land Rover Discoverys and Iveco Dailys.

Air Ambulances

The trust provides Critical Care Paramedics (CCPs) to 3 local charity air ambulances in the region: Magpas, Essex & Herts Air Ambulance and the East Anglian Air Ambulance. These paramedics work alongside doctors (who are seconded from NHS Hospitals) to administer advanced treatment at the scene of the accident. Although the service uses the air ambulances, it does not fund the charities.

Staff:[11]

In order of clinical skills (top=least skill, bottom=most skill)

Italics indicated specialist, advanced role.

Emergency Crew
  • Apprentice Emergency Care Support Worker
  • Intermediate Ambulance Practitioner, Emergency Care Support Worker or Emergency Care Assistant
  • Student Paramedic (Year 1/Year 2)
  • Apprentice Emergency Medical Technician (AAP)
  • Associate Ambulance Practitioner
  • Emergency Medical Technician
  • Senior Emergency Medical Technician
  • Student Paramedic (Year 3)
  • Paramedic
  • Senior Paramedic
  • Emergency Care Practitioner
  • Specialist Paramedic in Urgent Care
  • Specialist Paramedic in Critical Care/Critical Care Paramedic

Patient Transfer Service
  • Patient Transport Driver
  • Ambulance Care Assistant
  • Emergency Care Assistant (HDU)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (HDU)

Ambulance Operations Centre (AOC)
  • Call handler
  • Dispatcher

Patient transport services

The trust took over patient transport services in Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire in February 2018 after the private provider, Private Ambulance Service Ltd went into administration. A two year contract was awarded on an emergency basis.[12]

Performance

In 2013-14 the Trust missed all of its targets in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough. 73.6% of "red 1 calls" for immediately life-threatening situations were met within eight minutes against a target of 75%. 69.4% of "red 2 calls", which may be life-threatening but less time critical were responded to within eight minutes against a 75% target. In north Norfolk, rapid responses during one month were as low as 25%.[13] According to the Clinical Commissioning Group performance had "deteriorated overall in comparison to prior year at both regional and local level".[14] In August 2014, the Trust was fined £1.2m over these failures. It was also fined £300,000 over turnaround times at hospitals. The fines were accrued between April and July 2014. EEAST, which handles more than 900,000 emergency 999 calls a year, said it was recruiting hundreds of new staff and investing in new ambulances.[15] In a statement in November 2014, Chief executive Anthony Marsh blamed EEASTS’ continued failure to meet its emergency response time targets on a lack of staff. Acknowledging that the service was still "not good enough” he said that "significant progress" had been made; 536 student paramedics and a further 69 graduate and qualified paramedics and emergency medical technicians had been recruited since January 2014.[13]

In October 2014, EEAST apologised after claims were published in a local newspaper that a body had been left lying next to dustbins at its station in Ely, Cambridgeshire the previous month. Chief executive Anthony Marsh said the Trust was "very sorry for what happened" and had started a "thorough investigation". An EEAST spokesman confirmed the investigation involved "the transportation of a deceased patient", but said he could not comment further as inquiries were ongoing. The newspaper which published the claims said it had done so after being approached by a whistleblower.[16]

The trust was accused of putting patient safety at risk in July 2017 because of a “fixation” with hitting response time targets, using a practice referred to as “stopping the clock” - sending a rapid response vehicle to a call within the target time, leaving the patient to wait longer for the arrival of an ambulance.[17]

Delays, according to a whistleblower, led to the deaths of at least 19 patients and serious harm to 21 more during January 2018. A patient taken to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, had to wait in the back of the ambulance that took him there for four and a half hours before being seen by a doctor inside the building. [18] A summit was held with NHS England and NHS Improvement in January 2018. It was announced that it would “take steps to improve staff availability at peak times, including action to improve staff health through flu vaccination and reviewing the trust’s leave policy” and that it would hire extra vehicles.[19] The trust directors were accused by Norman Lamb of misleading MPs after a meeting about these allegations and several MPs said they had no confidence in the trust's leadership.[20]

The Trust is one of the poorest performing in England on most urgent response times and is considering employing military drivers and volunteer drivers due to staff shortages.[21] Proposals made in August 2018 to restrict staff holiday leave between 12 November and 12 January were greeted with a storm of protest.[22] The Trust decided controversially sometimes to ask one ambulance to deal with two patients. A senior Trust paramedic stated, “It’s desperate. I’ve never heard anything like this. A paramedic might have a clinically stable patient on board but if that patient then becomes unstable and you’re sitting on scene with perhaps two unstable patients, what do you do? Do you separate one of them from the equipment? Who do you pick?”[23]

In 2018 the trust said it would need 100 more paramedics to meet the new ambulance performance standards. This could cost £5 million a year.[24] The Midlands and East regional director of NHS England expressed concern in November 2018 that the trust was prioritising category 4 calls in order to meet its targets, at the expense of more clinically urgent patients,[25] and that the trust’s winter plan was inadequate.

Subcontracting

In 2019 the Care Quality Commission reported that ambulance services were relying on private providers because of lack of capacity. The trust spent £9.5 million on private ambulances for 999 and non-urgent work in 2018/19, double the amount spent previous year.[26]

Private Ambulance Providers include (not exclusive list) Polaris Medical, Elite EMS, Jigsaw Medical, Hearts Ambulance Service, BM Ambulance, Immediate Care Medical, Team Medic, Pro Medicus Ltd, St John Ambulance and Essex Ambulance Service.

In 2019 the trust disbanded its health and wellbeing service and outsourced the occupational health function to a new supplier, Kays Medical.[27]

See also

Other emergency services covering the East of England:

References
  1. "Contact us". East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  2. "Annual Report and Annual Governance Statement 2018/19" (PDF). East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. List of Care Schemes in East of England Archived 20 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine BASICS, Accessed 18/10/2010
  5. East of England Ambulance Service
  6. EAAT welcomes ambulance merger Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine East Anglian Ambulance NHS Trust, 16 May 2006
  7. Patients at risk of infection from dirty ambulances The Telegraph, 2 Oct 2009
  8. http://www.eastamb.nhs.uk/about-us/
  9. "About us". East of England Ambulance Service. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  10. "Trust slammed for buying "clapped out" second-hand ambulances while buying top-of-the-range cars for bosses". Mirror. 19 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  11. "Working for us". www.eastamb.nhs.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  12. "Trust given two-year contract after private provider collapse". Health Service Journal. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  13. "East of England Ambulance target failures 'down to lack of staff'". BBC News. 3 November 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  14. "Performance of troubled ambulance trust deteriorated". Health Service Journal. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  15. "East of England Ambulance fined over target time failures". BBC News. 29 August 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  16. "Body 'left near bins' in Ely claim prompts ambulance apology". BBC News. 17 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  17. "Trust accused of putting patients at risk with 'fixation' on targets". Health Service Journal. 12 July 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  18. Meek, James (5 April 2018). "NHS SOS". 40 (7). London Review of Books. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  19. "Scandal-hit ambulance trust to hire private sector capacity and review staff leave". Health Service Journal. 2 February 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  20. "Exclusive: MPs tell health minister they have 'no faith' in trust leadership". Health Service Journal. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  21. Struggling ambulance trust considers using military drivers The Guardian
  22. "'First opportunity I'm out of this shambles' - Paramedics anger at winter holiday restrictions and rota changes". Eastern Daily Press. 12 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  23. Ambulance trust to send occupied vehicles to new emergency calls The Guardian
  24. "Ambulance trusts demand millions to meet new targets". Health Service Journal. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  25. "NHSE chief's concerns over struggling trust laid bare in leaked minutes". Health Service Journal. 6 November 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  26. "Patients 'at risk' as NHS spends £92m on private ambulances and taxis". Independent. 27 August 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  27. "New probe into 'toxic' trust's tragic staff deaths as whistleblower goes public". Health Service Journal. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
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