EN 590

EN 590 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization that describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union and several other European countries.

Based on 98/70/EG it allows the blending of up to 7% fatty acid methyl ester biodiesel with 'conventional' diesel - a 7:93 mix.

History

The EN 590 had been introduced along with the European emission standards. With each of its revisions the EN 590 had been adapted to lower the sulphur content of diesel fuel - since 2007 this is called ultra low sulphur diesel as the former function of sulphur as a lubricant is absent (and needs to be replaced by additives).

emission standard at latest sulphur content cetane number
Euro 1 1. January 1993 max. 0,200% min. 49
Euro 2 1. January 1996 max. 0,050% min. 49
Euro 3 1. January 2001 max. 0,035% min. 51
Euro 4 1. January 2006 max. 0,005% min. 51
Euro 5 1. January 2009 max. 0,001% min. 51
Euro 6 1. January 2014

Generally applicable requirements and test methods
Property Unit lower limit upper limit Test-Method
Cetane index46,0-EN ISO 4264
Cetane number51,0-EN ISO 5165
Density at 15°Ckg/m³820845EN ISO 3675, EN ISO 12185
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons%(m/m)-11EN ISO 12916
Sulphur contentmg/kg-350 (until 2004-12-31) or 50,0EN ISO 20846, EN ISO 20847, EN ISO 20884
10,0 (on the 01-01-2009)EN ISO 20846, EN ISO 20884
Flash point°CAbove 55-EN ISO 2719
Carbon residue (on 10% distillation residue)%m/m-0,30EN ISO 10370
Ash content% (m/m)-0,01EN ISO 6245
Water contentmg/kg-200EN ISO 12937
Total contaminationmg/kg-24EN ISO 12662
Copper strip corrosion (3 hours at 50 °C)ratingClass 1Class 1EN ISO 2160
Oxidation Stabilityg/m3-25EN ISO 12205
Lubricity, corrected wear scar diameter (wsd 1,4) at 60 °Cμm-460EN ISO 12156-1
Viscosity at 40 °Cmm2/s2,004,50EN ISO 3104
Distillation recovered at 250 °C, 350 °C%V/V85<65EN ISO 3405
95%(V/V) recovered at°C-360
Fatty acid methyl ester content% (V/V)-7EN 14078

GOST R 52368-2005
Property Unit Value
Cetane index46,0
Cetane number51,0
Density at 15°Ckg/m³820-845
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons%(m/m)11
Sulphur content - type 1mg/kg350
Flash point°C55
Carbon residue (on 10% distillation residue)%m/m0,30
Ash content% (m/m)0,01
Water contentmg/kg200
Total contaminationmg/kg24
Copper strip corrosion (3 hours at 50 °C)ratingClass 1
Stabilityg/m325
Lubricity, corrected wear scar diameter (wsd 1,4) at 60 °Cμm460
Viscosity at 40 °Cmm2/s2,00-4,50
Distillation recovered at 250 °C, 350 °C%V/V65,85
95%(V/V) recovered at°C360
Fatty acid methyl ester content% (V/V)5

Winter Diesel

The standard EN 590 puts diesel fuel into two groups destined for specific climatic environments. For the "temperate" climatic zones the standard defines six classes from A to F. For the "arctic" climatic zones the standard defines five classes from 0 to 4.[1]

temperate climatic zones
Characteristics Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class F Units
CFPP +5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 °C
Density at 15 °C 820 - 860 820 - 860 820 - 860 820 - 860 820 - 860 820 - 860 kg/m³
Viscosity at 40 °C 2 - 4,5 2 - 4,5 2 - 4,5 2 - 4,5 2 - 4,5 2 - 4,5 mm²/s
Cetane index 46 46 46 46 46 46
Cetane number 49 49 49 49 49 49
arctic climatic zones
Characteristics Class 0 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Unit
CFPP -20 -26 -32 -38 -44 °C
Cloud point -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 °C
Density at 15 °C 800 - 845 800 - 845 800 - 845 800 - 840 800 - 840 kg/m³
Viscosity at 40 °C 1,5 - 4,0 1,5 - 4,0 1,5 - 4,0 1,4 - 4,0 1,2 - 4,0 mm²/s
Cetane index 46 46 45 43 43
Cetane number 47 47 46 45 45
Main article: Winter diesel fuel

Many countries in Europe require diesel fuel to meet a specific class in winter times. In Central and Western Europe the Winter Diesel (Winterdiesel, diesel d'hiver) must meet Class F conditions at least from the beginning of December to the end of February. During a transitional period (mostly October and April) a lower Class must be met. In the Scandinavian countries the Winter Diesel (Vinterdiesel) must meet Class 2 conditions. Some mineral groups offer both types commonly known as Winter Diesel (Winterdiesel, diesel d'hiver) and Arctic Diesel (Polardiesel, diesel polaires).

See also

References
  1. Petroleum Refining: Crude oil, petroleum products, process flowsheets von Jean-Pierre Wauquier, pages 215 and 216


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