Cymatium (gastropod)

Cymatium is a genus of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cymatiidae.[1]

Cymatium
Temporal range: Eocene - Recent
A live individual of a Cymatium species near Alor Island, Indonesia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Caenogastropoda
Clade: Hypsogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Family: Cymatiidae
Genus: Cymatium
Röding, 1798
Type species
Cymatium femorale
Synonyms[1]
  • Cymatium (Linatella) Gray, 1857
  • Linatella Gray, 1857
  • Lotorium Montfort, 1810
  • Luterium Herrmannsen, 1846 (emendation of Lotorium Montfort, 1810)
  • Nyctilochus Gistel, 1848
  • Tritocurrus Lesson, 1842

This genus has numerous species, perhaps as many as 100, some of which have a worldwide distribution. The genus has been divided into at least 10 subgenera. Some authors have elevated those subgenera, giving them the full status of genera, but this is by no means universally accepted.

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Eocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 55.8 to 0.012 million years ago).[2]

Description

These sea snails have separate sexes. They lay egg capsules. After hatching, the larvae have a planktonic stage that can (in some species) last several months; this is what enables the very widespread distribution seen in certain species, as the planktonic larvae can be carried great distances before settling to the sea floor.

Subgenera

There are at least 10 subgenera within the genus Cymatium . These are elevated by some authors to the level of genera.

  • Cymatium Röding, 1798, type species: Cymatium femorale
  • Monoplex G. Perry, 1811, type species: Cymatium parthenopeum
  • Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869, type species: Cymatium succinctum
  • Ranularia Schumacher, 1817, type species: Cymatium gutturnium
  • Gutturnium Mørch, 1852, type species: Cymatium muricinum
  • Reticutriton Habe and Kosuge, 1966, type species: Cymatium pfeifferianum
  • Linatella Gray, 1868, type species: Cymatium cutaceum
  • Lotoria Emerson and Old, 1963, type species: Cymatium perryi
  • Septa Perry, 1810, type species: Septa rubecula: considered as a genus in WoRMS
  • Turritriton Dall, 1904, type species: Cymatium gibbosum

Species

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) the following species with accepted names are included within the genus Cymatium:[1]

  • Two views of a shell of Cymatium lotorium
  • Fossil shell of Cymatium affine from Pliocene of Italy
  • Fossil shell of Cymatium doderleini from Pliocene of Italy

Species brought into synonymy

Cymatium species found in the Western Atlantic include:

  • Cymatium rehderi A. H. Verrill, 1950 : synonym of Ranularia rehderi (A.H. Verrill, 1950)

Other species include:

  • Cymatium tabulatus aka Turritriton tabulatus exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium parkinsonianum (Perry, 1811): synonym of Austrotriton parkinsonius Perry, 1811
  • Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Cymatium (Septa) pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Cymatium perryi Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of Lotoria perryi (Emerson & Old, 1963)

References
  1. Cymatium Röding, 1798. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 4 December 2018.
  2. Fossilworks
  • Info about subgenera and illustrations of type species for the subgenera and other species in the subgenera at
  • Malacolog info at:
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