Cornet (organ stop)

A cornet, or Jeu de Tierce, is a compound organ stop, containing multiple ranks of pipes. The individual ranks are, properly, of flute tone quality but can also be of principal tone. In combination, the ranks create a bright, piquant tone thought by some listeners to resemble the Renaissance brass instrument, the cornett.

A cornet stop usually starts at middle C, distinguishing it from the sesquialtera, which has pipes for the full compass of the manual. A sesquialtera is also usually softer in tone.

The cornet is primarily used as a solo voice and the ranks of the cornet follow the harmonic series; 8', 4', 2​²⁄₃', 2', 1​³⁄₅' (1.8.12.15.17). The 8' rank is stopped while the other ranks are open. The cornet may contain from two ranks and up, though three, four, and especially five ranks are the most commonly found. It is the unique reedy quality created by the tierce rank (1​³⁄₅'), perhaps in combination with the nasard (2​²⁄₃'), that gives the cornet its distinctive sound. The stop can be found on instruments of most historical periods and geographical regions, but the cornet was particularly important in the French Classic organ (from about 1625 to the end of the eighteenth century), which might contain three or four of them, often at different pitch levels.

The two-rank version has only the 2​²⁄₃' and 1​³⁄₅' (12.17), the three-rank version has the 2​²⁄₃', 2', and 1​³⁄₅' (12.15.17) ranks; the four-rank version adds the 4' rank. Some cornets may include more harmonics, such as the seventh (1​¹⁄₇') and in rare cases the ninth (​⁸⁄₉').